• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.150-159
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• 2005

This paper addresses a voice personality transformation algorithm which makes one person's voices sound as if another person's voices. In the proposed method, one person's voices are represented by LPC cepstrum, pitch period and speaking rate, the appropriate transformation rules for each Parameter are constructed. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to model one speaker's LPC cepstrums and conditional probability is used to model the relationship between two speaker's LPC cepstrums. To obtain the parameters representing each probabilistic model. a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method is employed. The transformed LPC cepstrums are obtained by using a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion. Pitch period and speaking rate are used as the parameters for prosody transformation, which is implemented by using the ratio of the average values. The proposed method reveals the superior performance to the previous VQ-based method in subjective measures including average cepstrum distance reduction ratio and likelihood increasing ratio. In subjective test. we obtained almost the same correct identification ratio as the previous method and we also confirmed that high qualify transformed speech is obtained, which is due to the smoothly evolving spectral contours over time.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

Smart TV System will lead to drastic change of communication and media industries as one of the emerging next generation network services. However, when the number of concurrent users increases rapidly, the issue of service quality degradation occurs because providing services to many users simultaneously stresses both the server and the network. The server limitation can be circumvented by deploying server clusters. but the network limitation is far less easy to cope with, due to the difficulty in determining the cause and location of congestion and in provisioning extra resources. In order to alleviate these problems, a number of schemes have been developed. Prior works mostly focus on reducing user-centric performance metrics of individual connection, such as the round-trip time(RTT), downloading time or packet loss rate, but tend to ignore the network loads caused by the concurrent connections or global network load balance. In this work, we make an in-depth investigation on the issue of user grouping for massive Smart TV services through simulations on actual Internet test-bed, PlanetLab.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

Coding patterns that appeared frequently in the source code is a typical piece of code. The functionality that difficult to modularize, such as logging or synchronization processing, and the useful sentences in programming is extracted in software as codding pattern. Large-scale software could not be analyzed fully because the number of coding pattern that can be manually investigated is limited. In this paper, the characteristics of coding patterns perform the evaluation. The goal is to extract for codding-pattern to analyzed by developer. We was selected 6 indicators and performed analysis of 4 open-source. Matrix relations between the values and characteristics of the actual pattern analysis, pattern instances, the width of the distribution of instances, the pattern repeating structure of the elements included in the rates should be analyzed for patterns and indicators that help in choosing was confirmed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.281-291
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• 2017

Emotional interaction in virtual reality is necessary of social communication. However, social emotion has been tried to be less recognized quantitatively. This study was to determined social gaze of emotion in business domain. 417 emotion words were collected and 16 emotion words were selected to Goodness of Fit. Emotion word were mapped into 2 dimensional space through multidimensional scaling analysis. Then, X axis defined dimensions of cooperation, competition, and Y axis of low focus and high focus through the FGD. 52 subjects were presented to stimuli for emotion and gaze movement data were collected. Independent t-test results showed that the gaze factor increased in the face, eye, and nose areas at cooperation, and the gaze factor increased in the right face and nose areas at the low focus. It is expected that this will be used as a basic research to evaluate emotions needed in business environment in virtual space.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.308-316
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• 2015

In this paper, we carried out performance comparison of four routing protocols that had been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks using the NS-3 network simulator. Those four routing protocols consist of two proactive routing protocols, DSDV(destination-sequenced distance vector) and OLSR(optimized link state routing), and two reactive routing protocols, AODV(ad-hoc on-demand distance vector) and DSR(dynamic source routing). Two performance metrics, system throughput and packet delivery ratio, are adopted and performance evaluation was carried out in a square communication area where each communicating mobile node moves independently. Numerical results show that the AODV routing protocol provides the best performance among those four routing protocols.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2003

In the Signalized Intersection, the capacity analysis is conducted with a large amount of input data such as road way, traffic and signal condition. but the level of service(LOS) is determined by delay estimated as a measure of effectiveness (MOE) based on this procedure. However, It is under the circumstances which are not considered for the errors caused by the uncertainty of input data in the field(the turing volumes, lane geometry, signal timing, grade of approach lane, percentage heavy vehicles, peak hour factor and arrival type etc.) as become the bases in the determination of the capacity and LOS. It includes the problem of reliability which is not verified for the capacity and LOS estimated. So, this study is to suggest the minimization of their influences by examining whether the uncertainty of input data such as the traffic volume, percentage of heavy vehicles and roadway geometry on the approach lane in the intersection under the study affects the capacity analysis and LOS determination.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.335-335
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• 2012

기후변화에 의한 미래 수문량 전망에 대한 연구는 전지구 모델 결과를 바탕으로 이루어진다. 현재 전지구 모델의 모의 결과 생산된 강우 자료는 기상청에서 제공되며, 제공된 자료는 기상청 관측 지점에 국한되어 있다. 어떤 유역의 확률홍수량 전망은 유역내 강우 지점의 확률강우량을 강우-유출 모형인 HEC-1에 입력하여 추정할 수 있다. 한강 유역과 같은 대유역의 확률홍수량을 구하기 위해서는 유역내 기상청 관측 지점만으로는 지점수가 부족하기 때문에 국토해양부나 수자원공사 관할의 지점 자료를 활용한다. 하지만 이러한 대유역의 미래 확률홍수량을 전망하고자 하는 경우에 제공되는 전지구 모델 결과가 기상청 지점에 국한되어 있어 다른 지점의 확률강우량을 산정하는 데 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 보완하기 위해 지역빈도해석을 이용하여 미래 전망 자료가 없는 지점들의 확률강우량을 추정하였다. 지역빈도해석을 수행하기 위해서는 관측 자료가 있는 유역내 지점들의 특성치(site characteristics)를 바탕으로 지역을 구분하고, Hosking and Wallis(1997)가 제안한 이질성 척도(heterogeneity measure)를 근거로 구분된 지역의 수문학적 동질성 여부를 검토하며, 각 지역에 대한 성장곡선(growth curve)를 추정한다. 지역별로 추정된 성장곡선에 지점의 연최대값 평균을 곱하면 그 지점의 확률강우량을 추정할 수 있다. 따라서 미래 기간의 지역별 성장곡선과 지점의 연최대값 평균을 전망할 수 있으면, 미래 기간의 지점별 확률강우량을 산정할 수 있고, 이를 바탕으로 확률홍수량도 전망할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 전지구 모델에서 모의된 강우 자료를 바탕으로 미래 기간의 성장곡선을 추정하고, 과거 대비 미래 기간의 지속기간별 연최대값 평균의 비율을 산정하여 모의 자료가 없는 지점에 적용함으로써 미래 기간의 연최대값 평균을 산정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 미래 기간의 확률강우량을 산정하도록 하였다. 이 기법의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 관측 자료를 두 기간으로 구분하여, 이 기법을 적용하여 추정한 확률강우량과 관측 자료로부터 산정한 확률강우량을 비교하였다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS) has been currently growing attention in industry as hightech traffic system and ITS infrastructure has been built not only on expressway but also on national highways. Although the effect of ITS installation on national highways is not easy to measure with quantitative methodology, it is necessary to develop the quantitative method to verify the effect accurate analysis of ITS effect. In this study, the analysis of cost efficiency of ITS project carried out by Iksan Regional Constriction Management Administration(IRCMA) was conducted. Analysis period and discount rate were assumed as 10 years and 5.5%, respectively. Several measures of the effect including reduction of travel time, CO2 discharged and fuel and the value of Variable Message Sign(VMS) information were proposed. Concludingly, ITS project implemented by IRCMA appeared to be cost effective, indicating 1.20 of B/C ratio, 12.4% of IRR and W1.48 billion of NPV.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2023

An attempt has been made in this article to discuss the fundamentals of technical analysis of the stock market. A retail investor or trader may not have the wherewithal to source that kind of information. Technical analysis requires a candlestick chart only. Most of the brokers in India provide charting solutions as well. Studying the price action of a security or commodity or Forex generally indicates a price pattern. Prices react at certain levels and widely known as support and resistance levels. Since whatever is happening with the price of the security is considered to be a part of a pattern or cycle which has already played out sometime in the past, these studies help a keen technical analyst to identify with certain probability, the future movement of the price. Study of the candlestick patterns, price action, volumes and indicators offer the opportunities to identify a high probability trade with probable target and a stop loss. A trader or investor can take high probability trade or position and control only her losses.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2023

In stream ecosystem assessment, RIVPACS, which makes a simple but clear evaluation based on macroinvertebrate community, is widely used. In this study, a preliminary study was conducted to develop a RIVPACS-type model suitable for Korean streams nationwide. Reference streams were classified into two types(upstream and downstream), and a prediction model for macroinvertebrates was developed based on each family. A model for upstream was divided into 7 (train): 3 (test), and that for downstream was made using a leave-one-out method. Variables for the models were selected by non-metric multidimensional scaling, and seven variables were chosen, including elevation, slope, annual average temperature, stream width, forest ratio in land use, riffle ratio in hydrological characteristics, and boulder ratio in substrate composition. Stream order classified 3,224 sites as upstream and downstream, and community compositions of sites were predicted. The prediction was conducted for 30 macroinvertebrate families. Expected (E) and observed fauna (O) were compared using an ASPT biotic index, which is computed by dividing the BMWPK score into the number of families in a community. EQR values (i.e. O/E) for ASPT were used to assess stream condition. Lastly, we compared EQR to BMI, an index that is commonly used in the assessment. In the results, the average observed ASPT was 4.82 (±2.04 SD) and the expected one was 6.30 (±0.79 SD), and the expected ASPT was higher than the observed one. In the comparison between EQR and BMI index, EQR generally showed a higher value than the BMI index.