• Title/Summary/Keyword: 비용 관리

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Service Life Prediction and Cost Estimation of Repaired Concrete Structures Under Marine Environment (염해 환경 하 보수된 콘크리트 구조물의 사용수명 예측 및 보수 비용 평가)

  • Shim, Hyun Bo;Ann, Ki Yong
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.226-234
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    • 2011
  • The service life of concrete structures exposed to a marine environment can be extended by controlling the amount of chloride in cover concrete. Patching is one of the appropriate maintenance techniques for chloride contamination. Chloride-contaminated cover concrete is removed and replaced with sound one. It can provide less risk of corrosion of steel, so that the structure can be maintained for required service life. In this study, a quantitative assessment of the service life subjected to the chloride attack is proposed to determine the effective repair options such as repair depth, repair material and timing of repair. The Crank-Nicolson based finite difference formulation from Fick's second law is proposed to predict the profiles of chloride ion in a repaired concrete structure, considering ingress of chloride from outer and redistribution of residual chloride from the substrate concrete. Therefore, the repair application times and maintenance cost for the target service life can be estimated. Finally, the numerical examples are presented to ensure its applicability.

Study on the Development of Social Evaluation Model for Aids to Navigation Accident (항로표지사고의 사회적비용 평가모델 개발에 관한 연구(I))

  • Moon, Beom-Sik;Gug, Seung-Gi;Lee, Young-Tae
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2018
  • Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is a marine traffic safety facility used to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of shipping and enhance the protection of the marine environment by the regulations or guidelines of The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Our country is managing AtoN to provide consistent services for AtoN users, although an average of 141 AtoN accidents occur annually. An AtoN accident forces non-planned work on the managers to resort the function, and causes psychological anxiety for its users, ultimately resulting in economic losses. This study developed the Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents. The model can be used to quantify the manager's economic activities related to the shutdown and recovery, as well as the cost associated with the inconvenience to AtoN users. The Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents is proposed as the sum of the encounter cost, administration cost and risk cost.

A study on the method for the Integrated Cost Estimate based on Project(ICEP) of program management with typical model (기준모델을 사용한 종합사업관리용역비 산정방법(ICEP) 연구)

  • Baek, Myeongchang;Park, Junmo;Park, Gilbeom;Kim, Okkyue
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2015
  • Domestic dominant method in subcontract cost estimate for comprehensive program management is estimation by referencing similar cases or relying on the experience and expertise of the engaged. However, this method is not reliable due to lack of accuracy, making it harder for clients to plan and budget the program. Since budget itself is roughly estimated, it becomes a source of cost rise in the course of management due to design modifications. Therefore, the client and service providers shall calculate more accurate service cost by applying objective and scientific method in order to minimize cost rise and cost related dispute. Traditional cases, in estimating program management cost, took Top-Down approach based on precedents and experience. On the contrary, this study will categorize management structure into phases and activities, issue WBS for each phase to estimated schedule and cost for each code, and take Bottom-UP approach. By taking this approach named ICEP (Integrated Cost Estimate based on Project), Set project typical model will be developed for service cost estimating, calculate cost by applying project-specific factors. Also, by analyzing progress data and allocated management cost to complement them, more efficient construction management will take shape based on program management cost standards which reflect project-specific features.

Regional Optimization of Food Waste Management - Focused on Three Cities in Kyungnam Province - (음식물쓰레기 관리의 광역적 최적화 방안 - 경남 3개 도시를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Myung-Hi;Park, Jung-Seok;Kin, Jong-Oh
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.53-66
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    • 1999
  • Limited landfill area and finance as well as a large generation of food wastes, have called for systematic approaches towards potential cost savings. In this study, the regional management system of food wastes generated from the residential and commercial sources was considered in three cities bounded each other; Changwon, Masan, and Jinhae city. Total thirteen alternatives were established and compared by applying the WRAP (Waste Resource Allocation Program). The following results were obtained: 1. While relatively small amounts were generated from the commercial sources such as cafeteria, restaurants, and market facilities, almost 80% of food wastes were generated from the residential sources. 2. Unit costs for food waste management in three cities were different according to their present situation such as the type and location of major generation sources and treatment facilities. Especially, the highest cost appeared in Jinhae city due to the most expensive construction of coastal landfill site. 3. Considering proper revenue, the whole conversion of food waste into animal feed was selected as the optimal alternative and represented 60% to 74% of the management cost of the whole landfill alternative in all cities. Comparing the other alternatives, composting of food waste was more economical than landfill alternative and the incineration was the most expensive alternative. 4. Some of the regional management systems using common food waste processing facilities together in three cities showed to be more economical than the single management system. Therefore, more detailed research for the regional management systems of food waste was recommended.

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Empirical study of the scale economies of office buildings in Seoul (서울시 오피스빌딩 규모의 경제에 관한 실증분석)

  • Keum, Sang Su
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.11
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    • pp.6630-6638
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    • 2014
  • The concerns for higher returns among investors in Korea are increasing as local interest rates lag behind the global market. The aim of this study was to provide a basis for estimating the precise return on investment to private investors and stakeholders of office buildings by identifying the optimal scale estimation of office building space, derived from managerial expenses. The literature on the economies theories of scales were reviewed, and the average administrative costs on an appropriate scale were assessed by cross-analysis and regression analysis using the U-shaped quadratic and cubic function. The findings suggest that the average office building managerial costs are approximately 6-11% according to the region, 10-13% according to the grade, and 8-9% according to size. Corporate-owned buildings represent the highest in terms of the average managerial costs, and there is an approximately 11.5% difference when it comes to outsourcing. In addition, the elapsed year showed that approximately 5.3 years to meet the lowest U-shaped curve of the average managerial cost. The 'Total floor area' variable shows a ${\bigcap}$-shape as it continue to increase to 72,000-Pyung then decrease gradually. This study presents the fundamental proposition of efficient and practical management of cost, lease and operation for real estate management firms by utilizing LCC.

A Quorum-Based Dynamic Location Management Method for Mobile Computing Systems (이동 컴퓨팅 시스템을 위한 Quorum 기반 동적 위치 관리 기법)

  • Bae, In-Han;Kim, Yun-Jeong;Kim, Yun-Jeong
    • Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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    • v.26 no.10
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    • pp.1217-1224
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    • 1999
  • 이동 호스트들의 위치 정보를 관리하는 것은 이동 컴퓨터 시스템에서 중요한 문제이다. 이동 호스트가 이동할 때 위치 수정과 위치 탐색간에는 상반관계가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 위치 서버를 이용한 간단한 quorum 기반 분산 동적 위치 관리 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법에서는 이동 호스트들의 위치 정보가 모든 위치 레지스터가 아닌 위치 레지스터들의 부분집합에서 효율적으로 관리되기 때문에 위치 수정 비용과 위치 탐색 비용이 감소된다. 그리고 위치 레지스터들의 부분집합은 동적으로 변하고, 각 위치 서버의 부하는 이동 호스트에 대한 질의율을 고려하므로 균등해진다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능은 위치 수정비용과 위치 탐색비용의 전체비용으로 평가되었고, Prakash의 알고리즘과 비교되었다.Abstract Managing location information of mobile hosts is an important issue in mobile computing systems. There is a trade-off between location update and search, when a mobile host moves. This paper proposes a simple quorum-based distributed dynamic location management method using location registers. The cost of location updates and searches is reduced by our method because the location information of mobile hosts is managed efficiently in a subset of location registers instead of in all location registers. In our method, the subset of location registers is dynamically changed, and the load of each location register is balanced by considering query rate for mobile hosts. The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of the total cost of a location update and a location search, and is compared with Prakash's algorithm.

Proposal of Maintenance Scenario and Feasibility Analysis of Bridge Inspection using Bayesian Approach (베이지안 기법을 이용한 교량 점검 타당성 분석 및 유지관리 시나리오 제안)

  • Lee, Jin Hyuk;Lee, Kyung Yong;Ahn, Sang Mi;Kong, Jung Sik
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.505-516
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    • 2018
  • In order to establish an efficient bridge maintenance strategy, the future performance of a bridge must be estimated by considering the current performance, which allows more rational way of decision-making in the prediction model with higher accuracy. However, personnel-based existing maintenance may result in enormous maintenance costs since it is difficult for a bridge administrator to estimate the bridge performance exactly at a targeting management level, thereby disrupting a rational decision making for bridge maintenance. Therefore, in this work, we developed a representative performance prediction model for each bridge element considering uncertainty using domestic bridge inspection data, and proposed a bayesian updating method that can apply the developed model to actual maintenance bridge with higher accuracy. Also, the feasibility analysis based on calculation of maintenance cost for monitoring maintenance scenario case is performed to propose advantages of the Bayesian-updating-driven preventive maintenance in terms of the cost efficiency in contrast to the conventional periodic maintenance.

Cache Management Method for Query Forwarding Optimization in the Grid Database (그리드 데이터베이스에서 질의 전달 최적화를 위한 캐쉬 관리 기법)

  • Shin, Soong-Sun;Jang, Yong-Il;Lee, Soon-Jo;Bae, Hae-Young
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.13-25
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    • 2007
  • A cache is used for optimization of query forwarding in the Grid database. To decrease network transmission cost, frequently used data is cached from meta database. Existing cache management method has a unbalanced resource problem, because it doesn't manage replicated data in each node. Also, it increases network cost by cache misses. In the case of data modification, if cache is not updated, queries can be transferred to wrong nodes and it can be occurred others nodes which have same cache. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems of existing method that are using unbalanced resource of replica and increasing network cost by cache misses. In this paper, cache management method for query forwarding optimization is proposed. The proposed method manages caches through cache manager. To optimize query forwarding, the cache manager makes caching data from lower loaded replicated node. The query processing cost and the network cost will decrease for the reducing of wrong query forwarding. The performance evaluation shows that proposed method performs better than the existing method.

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BIM based Integration Method of Cost and Schedule Information (BIM기반 비용.일정 통합관리 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Baek, Young-In
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2009.09a
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    • pp.695-699
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    • 2009
  • 3D and BIM technology are presumed to be used more and more in the construction industry. The scope of this paper arose from a general wondering of how the constructor in general can benefit from the use of 3D models. Presented herewith is the first application of BIM in Korea to a actual bridge construction site located in Cheongpoong in Chooncheongbook-Do. This paper tries to integrate design, cost and schedule under location-based conditions with industry-specific solution for 3D modeling. 292 activities constitute the cable-stayed bridge of 442m long with a main span of 327m long. Integration of 3D model, cost and schedule is shown by comparing the measurements of works at a specific time by use of 2 different construction sequencing scenarios and cost breakdown structures.

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Application of Turf grass VFS for Water Pollution Degradation in Saemangeum Watershed (새만금유역 수질오염저감을 위한 잔디초생대 적용)

  • Lee, Seul-Gi;Iang, Jeong-Ryeol;Choi, Kyung-Sook
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.647-647
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 새만금 유역에 잔디초생대 적용 시 수질오염 저감효과와 적용비용을 산출해 보았다 또한 초생대 본래의 기능 외에 잔디의 활용성에 대해서도 평가해 보았다. 새만금유역 내 익산시 밭경지에 세로 22m${\times}$폭 5m 규모로 대조구 1개소, 처리구 2개소를 각각 조성하여, 처리구 말단에 세로 2m${\times}$폭 5m 규모의 잔디 초생대를 조성하여 실험을 수행하였다. 시험포의 경사는 8%이며, 토성은 양토로서 토양배수등급이 양호한 것으로 조사되었다. 연구기간동안 모니터링 실시한 강우에 대해 각 시험구별로 측정된 유출과의 관계를 분석한 결과 초생대 처리구의 대조구 대비 유출저감 효과는 14.1~64.0%로 나타났으며, 비점오염저감효과는 SS 9.8~73.9%, T-N 24.0~84.2%, T-P 31.6~80.9%으로 나타났다. 잔디초생대 적용시 소요되는 총비용의 산정은 초생대 조성을 위한 잔디구입비 및 관리비용, 초생대 조성 면적만큼의 작물재배 포기로 인한 손해비용 등을 고려하여 산출하였다. 그 결과 초생대 조성을 위한 잔디구입 및 조성비용과 유지관리비용은 1,730천원/ha로 소요되는 것으로 산정되었으며,, 초생대 구역의 작물 재배포기로 감수해야 할 손해비용은 1,649천원/ha로 산정되어 잔디초생대 적용을 위한 총비용은 3,379천원/ha/year로 산정되었다. 또한 차년에는 조성비용은 제외할 수 있으므로 유지관리비용 및 손해비용만을 고려한 1,899천원/ha/year이 소요되는 것으로 산정되었다. 잔디의 활용성 평가는 초생대가 완전 피복된 후 잔디를 일정부분 떼어 내어 판매할 경우를 고려하여 파악해 보았다. 그 결과 초생대 40% 규모의 잔디를 떼어내 판매할 경우에 발생할 수 있는 수익은 1,260천원/ha/year으로 추정되었으며, 떼어낸 부위의 잔디 재활착은 정상적으로 진행됨을 파악하였다. 따라서 잔디초생대는 새만금유역의 수질오염 저감효과 뿐만 아니라 잔디판매를 통한 농민 소득증대에 기여할 수 있으므로 초생대의 현장 적용성은 매우 높을 것으로 기대된다.

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