• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.707-717
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• 2000

Atropic rhinitis (AR) is one of major respiratory diseases in pigs. AR causes a great economic losses and is considered to be a multifactorial disease in which herd management, heredity, and environment. Several vaccines against have been developed commercially and used in pig farms but the efficacy of each vaccine is still questionable. In this study, one of commercial AR vaccines, which contains inactivated Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida type D and their toxoid was evaluated for vaccine efficacy by challenge test. Twenty piglets were divided into four groups as follows; group I was piglets from vaccinated sows (twice before parturition); group II was piglets from vaccinated sows (same as group I) and were vaccinated at 1 day old; group III and IV were piglets without any vaccination. Groups I, II, and III were challenged by intranasal instillation of $5.3{\times}10^7$ CFU of B bronchiseptica twice and $1{\times}10^9$ CFU of P multocida five times. Group IV was control group without any vaccination and any challenge. We compared serological results, recovery rate of P multocida by polymerase chain reaction, clinical signs and pathological findings between vaccinated groups and unvaccinated groups for efficacy of the vaccine, Serological responses against B bronchiseptica and toxigenic P multocida type D were not showed evident discrepancy between vaccinated groups and unvaccinated groups assuming that the antibody responses against the vaccine is very delayed. However, growth rate, clinical signs and snout lesion grading in vaccinated groups showed more favorable than those in unvaccinated group. Therefore, AR vaccination in this study is considered to be effective in the prevention of AR in pigs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2001

A 26-year-old man with a one-year history of asthma and sinusitis presented with bilateral pleural effusions, patch basilar infiltrates on a chest x-ray and a pericardial effusion on an echocardiogram. The peripheral blood showed marked eosinophilia. An obstructive pattern was also observed during the pulmonary fuction test, which was responsive to bronchodilator inhalation. Nerve conduction studies showed right sural neuropathy. Thoracentesis yielded an acidotic exudative effusion with low glucose, low $C_3$ and eosinophilia. An open lung biopsy revealed an eosinophilic interstitial pneumonitis associated with a necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis, and granulomatous inflammation foci. In the literature, pleural effusions were reported in 29 percent of Churg-Strauss patients, but the number of effusions was low and their characteristics have not been well described. This report describes the characteristic findings of pleural fluid and its histologic features in a case of classical Churg-Strauss syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical report was to estimate the efficacy of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) on allergic rhinitis. Methods : We prescribed Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) for 15 patients who visited Kabsan oriental clinic with allergic rhinitis. We inquired into distribution of age, case history period, improvement of symptoms, etc. We used the statistical methods of student t-test in order to analysis of the different of symptom before and after treatment(p 〈0.05). Results : 1. The distribution of sex & age was as follows; Total patient were women. 10-19 years 2 cases, , 30-39 years 5 cases, 40-49 years 6 cases and 50-59 years 2 cases. 2. The case of history period was as follows; under a year 1 case, 1-3 years 3 cases, 3-5 years 2 cases, 5-10 years 4 cases and over 10 years 5 cases. 3. The amount of herbal medicine they took as follows: 1 je(劑) 1 case, 2 je(劑) 7 cases, 3 je(劑) 5 cases and 4 je(劑) 2 cases. 4. The frequency of acupuncture and moxibustion was as follows; under 5 times 1 case, 6-10 times 10 cases, 11-15 times 3 cases, over 16 times 1 case. 5. The nasal symptoms except the nasal mucosa color(pale) were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 6 The general symptoms except menstruation pain were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 7. The curative influence of rhinitis by Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) was as follows excellent 2 cases. good 11 cases, ineffectiveness 2 cases. Conclusion: If we administer Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒), it improves not only allergic symptoms such as the watery rhinorrhea, turbinate swelling, sneeze, nasal obstruction, etc but also coldness of the limbs(手足冷症), dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea, etc. Therefore, we consider that administration of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒) improves in quality of life, as removes inconvenience of life and stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.112-125
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• 2017

Objectives : The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is 10-40% worldwide and there are many demands for Traditionl Medicine (TM) treatment for AR. Pattern identification (PI) is essential process in diagnosis and treatment of TM, however, objective assessment measurement for PI of AR in TM is lacked. Methods : PI questionnaire for AR was developed in 2008 by specialists in the department of Otolaryngology of TM, based on systemic and nasal symptoms and signs. However, that questionnaire had many problems in application to clinical practice and has since been revised based on several studies and delphi method. Consequently, the PI questionnaire for AR version 3.0 has been developed. Results & Conclusions : This questionnaire classifies patients with AR as possessing lung-heat, lung-cold, or spleen qi deficiency based on nasal symptoms and general conditions of AR patients. This is first questionnaire for pattern identification of AR. We plan to conduct a validation and reliability study, and revise the questionnaire based on the results of this study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2008

Objectives : Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang is clinically used for the treatment of the aller -gic rhinitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Younggamgangmisinhayin -tang on allergic rhinitis. Methods : The thirty rats were divided into three groups : control group, AR(allergic rhinitis eliciated) group, YT(Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang treated after allergic rhinitis elicitation) group. To induce allergic rhinitis in AR group, YT group rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with 0.1% ovalbumin(OVA) solution 3 times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalbumin(OVA) solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time rats in YT group were oral administration treated by Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang for 7days. The change of the amounts of esinophil, PAS, ZO-1, MIP-2, COX-2, IL-4 were observed in each group. Th 2 skewed condition in EL4 cell was induced by using PMA and OPl. Younggamgangmisinhayin-tang was added into EL4 cell by density. And then IL-4 mRNA was observed. Results : In esinophil study YT group was proved significant inhibitary effect. In PAS and ZO-1 YT group were preserved well. In MIP-2, COX-2 study YT group was proved significant inhibitary effect. In IL-4 and IL-4 mRNA study YT group was proved significant inhibitary effect. Conclusion :According to the above results, it is considered that Younggamgangmisinha- yin-tang has inhibitory effects on the allergic rhinitis rat models.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.85-95
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• 2004

1. Objectives Although the incidence of allergic rhinitis is increasing continually, Sasang Constitutional Medicine is showing favorable treatment outcomes. This study was aimed to test the antimicrobial effects of Bojungikgi-tang, Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, and Gunggwihyangso-san which are being applied to allergic rhinitis of Soeumin. 2. Methods Klebsiella pneumoniae 289 was extracted from allergic rhinitis patients. Bojungikgi-tang, Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, and Gunggwihyangso-san were boiled down and concentrated, and the substances obtained were tested for the effects on stability to temperature and pH and on antimicrobial activity 3. Results When measured the level of antimicrobial activity, the inhibition zones of Bojungikgi-tang, Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, and Gunggwihyangso-san were found 11.42, 11.07, and 10.63mm, respectively. The levels of MIC were $15{\mu}{\ell}$, $20{\mu}{\ell}$, and $10{\mu}{\ell}$ in that order. The antimicrobial activities were increased 13.88% in Bojungikgi-tang, 16.63% in Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, and 10.72% in Gunggwihyangso-san. There was no influence of pH to antimicrobial activity of all three substances. 4. Conclusions Bojungikgi-tang, Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, and Gunggwihyangso-san had a high level of antimicrobial activity to Klebsiella pneumoniae 289 even at a low concentration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1978

돼지의 전염성위축성비염(傳染性萎縮性鼻炎)의 주요한 병원균(病原菌)이라고 생각되는 Bordetella bronchiseptica(이하(以下)B균(菌)) 자연감염돈분리유내균주(自然感染豚分離由來菌株)를 사용하여 mouse 비강내정착성(鼻腔內定着性)에 관(對)한 사균면역(死菌免疫)의 효과(效果)를 검토하고자, 먼저 상변리(相變異)에 따르는 균(菌)의 독역(毒力)과 감염방어성(感染防禦性)을 비교함과 동시에, I 상균불활화예방액(相菌不活化豫防液)의 면역원성(免疫原性)에 관(對)한 기초적인 검토를 실시하였고, 이에 계속하여 생균비강내접종(生菌鼻腔內接種)에 따르는 균(菌)의 정착성(定着性)과 혈중응집(血中凝集) 항체(抗體)의 경시적(經時的)인 추이(推移)를 검토하였다. 얻어진 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. B균(菌) I 상균(相菌)(W-1029주(株))의 독역(毒力)은 III 상균(相菌)(H-969주(株))에 비하여 독역(毒力)이 강하였으며, I 상균(相菌)은 감염방어성(感染防禦性)을 보유하고 있었으나 III 상균(相菌)은 감염방어성(感染防禦性)이 전혀 없었다. 2. B균(菌) I 상균사균면역(相菌死菌免疫)에 있어서 formalin과 merthiolate 처리(處理) 및 불활화온도(不活化溫度)($0^{\circ}C$및 $37^{\circ}C$)간(間)에는 현저한 면역원성(免疫原性)의 차이는 인정할 수 없었다. 3. 사균면역(死菌免疫)을 실시한 mouse 군(群)에 생균(生菌)의 경비접종(經鼻接種)에 의하여 경시적(經時的)으로 균(菌)의 호흡기도내(呼吸氣道內)의 정착성(定着性)과 혈중응집항체가(血中凝集抗體價)의 추이(推移)를 보았던 바, 비면역대조군(非免疫對照群)에 비하여 면역군(免疫群)은 현저한 면역효과(免疫效果)를 나타내었으나, 면역군(免疫群)에서 간헐적(間歇的)인 배균(排菌)이 상당기간에 걸쳐 인정되었으며 또한 응집항체가(凝集抗體價)의 상승에 따르는 비강내정착균(鼻腔內定着菌)의 완전소실(完全消失)은 다소 곤난함이 인정되었다. 이상(以上)의 성적(成積)으로 B균사균항원(菌死菌抗原)을 사용하여 고도(高度)의 면역(免疫)을 시킴으로서 비강내(鼻腔內)에 있어서의 B균(菌)의 정착(定着)을 조지(阻止)할 수 있는 가능성(可能性)이 시사(示唆)되나 항체가(抗體價)의 상승(上昇)에 따르는 균(菌)이 비강내(鼻腔內)에서 완전 소실(消失)이 다소 곤난한 점은 본균(本菌)과 호흡기도점막감염(呼吸器道粘膜感染)의 실태(實態)를 시사(示唆)하는 것으로 보아진다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to suggest guidelines using Nasal endoscopy index for objective pattern identification in allergic rhinitis patients. we performed a clinical study to investigate the relationship between Nasal endoscopy index and Cold-heat pattern identification for allergic rhinitis patients.Methods : We assessed 32 patients with allergic rhinitis using Nasal endoscopy index and the patients filled in Cold-Heat pattern questionnaires. Then, we analyzed the relationship between Nasal endoscopy index and Cold-heat pattern identification.Results : Pale and watery rhinorrhea scores were positively correlated with Cold questionnaire score (P<0.05).Conclusion : The results suggest that pattern identification using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis can be useful for assessing the diagnosis of Cold-heat pattern identification and deciding guidelines of treatment.Acknowledgments : This work was supported by a Grant of the Traditional Korean Medicine R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI12C1889 and HI13C0530).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.55-73
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• 2020

Objectives : We investigated the effectiveness and safety of intranasal phototherapy for allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods : We searched 8 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii Articles, OASIS, NDSL, KISS, KMbase) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the use of intranasal phototherapy for AR from their inception until May 30, 2020. Two investigators independently searched, collected, and screened the RCTs. We performed data extraction and evaluation for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results : This study included 12 RCTs; six studies compared intranasal and sham phototherapy, of which four studies reported a significant inter group difference and two studies reported a significant difference partially. No significant changes in symptoms were observed between the phototherapy and conventional therapy groups. The phototherapy and concurrent acupuncture treatment group showed a significantly higher effectiveness rate compared with the group that received only acupuncture. Both the phototherapy and laser acupuncture group showed significant improvement in the symptom severity scale scores. Six studies reported mild adverse effects, such as dryness and nasal pain in the intranasal phototherapy group; however, no severe adverse effects were reported. Conclusions : This study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of intranasal phototherapy for symptom relief and improved quality of life in patients with AR. However, further studies are needed on this topic in order to demonstrate it clearly.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2018

Objectives This study investigated the effects of Cheongyeonsan for allergic rhinitis. Methods First, the GS/MS was used to analyze the effects of Cheongyeonsan by measuring inflammatory markers. Second, 3 groups of 10 6-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into Ctrl (no treatment), ARE (allergic rhinitis-induced without treatment), and CRT (allergic rhinitis-induced after Cheongyeonsan treatment) groups. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as an antigen to induce allergic rhinitis and sensitization was performed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% OVA solution 21, 14, and 7 days before the onset of allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis was induced by dropping OVA solution on the nasal cavity of each mouse for 5 days after the last sensitization. Seven days after the first induction, second induction was introduced by the same method. After making the section, MMP-9, substance P, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, COX-2, iNOS and Nrf, apoptotic cells were observed by Masson trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL of nasal mucosal tissues of each group. Results GC/MS results showed undecanoic acid. Masson trichrome results showed that the CRT group had less respiratory epithelial damage. Immunohistochemical staining showed CRT group had 58% decrease in MMP-9, 61% decrease in substance P, 55% decrease in $TNF-{\alpha}$, 38% decrease in $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, 53% decrease in COX-2, 54% decrease in iNOS, 87% increase in Nrf compared to those of the ARE group. TUNEL showed a positive reaction of 84% increase in apoptotic cells greater than that of the ARE group. Conclusions Cheongyeonsan alleviates nasal mucosal damage and reduces inflammatory mediators from allergic rhinitis-induced mice.