• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.658-663
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• 2000

This study is aimed at evaluating the pigmentation of rainbow trout with carotenoid extracts from halophilic bacteria during 8 weeks feeding. Proximate composition of the sample were analyzed. Moisture content was 77% and 73% after 4 and 8 weeks feeding, respectively. Crude protein and lipid content was slowly increased after 8 weeks feeding. But minerals content were not affected with the feeding period and constituents. Muscle carotenoids content of rainbow trout was 0.0223 mg/100g tissue in control group after 4 weeks, and 0.1702 mg/100g tissue in carophyll pink group after 8 weeks. The carotenoids pigmentation content of halophilic bacteria extracts fed group was 0.1256, 0.1382 mg/100g tissue after 8 weeks. It means that the carotenoids of bacteria extracts are a good material for fish pigmentation. The main components of rainbow trout muscle and integuments with these diets were canthaxathin,, zeaxanthin, and ${\beta}$-carotene.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

This paper presents preliminary field investigations on the electrokinetic (EK) remediation coupled with permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system. unregulated and old-fashioned landfills are one of the primary contributors to various contaminated soil problems. In-situ EK remediation technology has been successfully applied to the environs of unregulated landfill site, located in Kyeong-Ki province, Korea. Atomizing slag was adopted as a PRB reactive material for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with inorganic and/or organic substances. From the preliminary investigations, the coupled technology of EK with PRB system would be effecitve to remeidate contaminated grounds without the extraction of pollutants from subsurface due to the reactions between the reactive materials and contaminants.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2009

This study investigated the quality of rice noodles containing different amounts of mesangi (Capsosiphon fulvescens) powder. The noodles were prepared with ratios of 1.9, 3.8, and 5.7% (w/w) of mesangi powder based on the flour weight. The noodles containing mesangi powder had lower moisture contents compared to the control, while amounts of ash were higher than in the control. For the cooking properties of the noodles, weight, volume, and turbidity were significantly higher in the mesangi rice noodles than the control (p<0.0001). The mesangi rice noodles had lower L- and a- values than the control, and these values decreased with increasing amounts of mesangi powder while the b- value increased. Texture profile analysis of the cooked noodles showed significantly higher levels of hardness (p<0.0001) and adhesiveness (p<0.05) in the mesangi rice noodles compared to the control, while cohesiveness (p<0.05), springiness (p<0.05), and gumminess (p<0.0001) values were lower than those of the control. However, the values for hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and springiness were not significantly different among the mesangi rice noodle groups. The pH of the rice noodles gradually decreased over 8 days of storage time. The 3.8% mesangi rice noodles had lower total and fungus plate counts than the other noodles during 15${\sim}$24 days of storage. However, the 3.8% masangi noodles showed the highest overall acceptability score(p<0.05).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1984

Effects of Foliar spray of Kinetin on the growth and metabolism of mulberry tree was investigated in this studies. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Appropriate level of Kinetin for the optimal growth of mulberry tree was 100ppm. 2. In the non-fertilizer, N, P, K, and N+P+K treated plots supplemented with Kinetin, the growth of mulberry tree was generally promoted, especially in the roots, in comparison to non-supplemented plots. The effect was notably outstanding in the N, and N+P+K treated plots. 3. The mechanism by which the growth of root is stimulated was fundamentally attributed to the hypertrophy of unit cells. 4. The chlorophyll contents of the leaves in the Kinetin supplemented plots were higher than that of the non-supplemented, especially in the N, and N+P+K treated ones. 5. Likewise, total sugar contents of Kinetin supplemented plots were higher than that of the non-supplemented. Particularly the N+P+K treated plots showed higher level of sugar contents. In other plots, there were no significant differences in the level of sugar contents. 6. The activity of GOT and GPT was higher in the Kinetin supplemented plots, particularly in the N, and N+P+K treateated. 7. The contents of ascorbic acid were increased in plots with kinetin supplement in the order of N+P+K>potassium>Nitrogen>phosphorus$\geq$non-fertilizer. 8. Difference between Kinetin treatment and non-treatment was not recognized in the contents of inorganic and organic compounds.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 2018

This paper examines the achievements and limitations of the Moon Jae-In administration's first-year policies on non-standard employment in the public sector of Korea. The most remarkable achievement was that the transition rate of non-standard to standard positions reached the highest historical level of 42.1 percent, mainly by including for the first time temporary agency workers as a target of those policies. There also have been many steps taken to relax the qualification for transition, reduce the number of exception clauses, and expand union participation. In contrast, policy measures to address problems of low wages and inequality were very limited and not significantly different from those of previous administrations. As a result, the success of the policy paradigm shift pursued by Moon's administration will be determined by how aggressive measures are being taken in the next policy steps to improve such problems of low wages and inequality.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

The physicochemical characteristics of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivated using liquid spawn (MLS) were compared with those of commercial mushrooms cultivated using solid spawn. The color intensity of the two types of mushrooms showed no remarkable difference. The hardness of the MLS-cultivated mushrooms was significantly higher, but their moisture content (86.80%) was significantly lower than that of the commercial mushrooms. Mineral contents in MLS-cultivated mushrooms (421.17 mg/100 g) were significantly higher than those in the commercial mushrooms (333.26-362.78 mg/100 g); in particular, the potassium (K) content was the most abundant in the former. The amino acid content in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms (4,695.22 mg/100 g) was about 1.4-2.0 times that in the commercial mushrooms. The essential amino acid contents and sum of aspartic acid and glutamic acid were higher in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms than in the commercial mushrooms. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms was 1.1-2.3 times higher than that in the commercial mushrooms. The total phenol and flavonoid contents and the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of the MLS-cultivated mushrooms were significantly higher than those of the commercial mushrooms; however, the reducing power showed an opposite trend. Therefore, MLS-cultivated mushrooms contained higher amounts of valuable components and higher antioxidant activities than commercial mushrooms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.87-102
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• 2008

시설재배 토양에 녹비작물 재배와 고추재배, 휴경을 반복하면서, 외부 유기자재 투입을 최소화 하고 2년 동안 토양에 물리, 화학성에 변화를 추적하여 궁극적으로 녹비작물을 이용한 유기고추 시설 무경운 재배기술을 개발 하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 1. 고추 시설재배지 녹비작물 재배가 녹비 수량 및 토양 이화학성에 미치는 영향 시설재배지의 겨울 녹비작물을 1월 30일 파종하여 4월 5일에 조사한 결과 수량은 호밀과 보리녹비가 $518{\sim}677kg/10a$로 완두콩과 헤어리베치 $287{\sim}354kg/10a$에 비하여 건물수량이 현저하게 많았다. 녹비작물의 식물체내 총질소 함량이 완두콩과 헤어리베치, 보리가 호밀에 비하여 많았으며, 보리가 타 작물에 비하여 $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ 함량이 높았고, 두과작물인 완두콩과 헤어리베치가 화본 과인 호밀과 보리녹비에 비하여 CaO과 MgO 함량이 많았다. 녹비작물의 토양중 무기성분 고정량이 화본과인 호밀과 보리녹비의 총질소량은 10a당 $17{\sim}18kg$, $P_2O_5$, 4.7kg, $K_2O$ $31{\sim}33kg$ 수준으로, 두과 녹비작물인 완두콩과 헤어리베치에 비하여 총질소, $P_2O_5$, 양이온인 $K_2O$ 높았으나, CaO과 MgO 고정량은 큰 차가 없었다. 2. 녹비작물 재배 후작 유기재배 고추의 생육 및 수량 겨울 재배 녹비작물을 트렉터로 로터리 작업하여 토양에 환원한 후 홍고추를 2007년 4월 27일 정식하여 조사한 결과 생육에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 고추 수량은 호밀녹비 재배지가 헤어리베치 재배지에 비하여 증수되는 경향을 보였다. 3. 시설재배지 2차 녹비작물 재배 시 녹비수량 및 토양 이화학성 2007년 12월 18일 2차 녹비작물을 파종 재배하여 생육량을 조사한 결과 건물 수량은 10a당 호밀은 720kg, 보리는 528kg, 헤어리베치는 230kg, 완두콩과 잡초는 217kg 수준이었다. 녹비작물 생체중의 일일 증가량은 호밀과 보리는 100kg/10a/day, 헤어리베치는 10a당 65kg 정도가 하루에 증가되었다. 녹비작물의 총질소 고정량은 화본인 보리와 호밀 녹비작물이 두과작물보다 건물수량이 많아서 2배정도 많았고, 인산은 $2.7{\sim}3.7$배, 가리의 고정량은 $2.2{\sim}2.6$배 정도 많았다. 4. 녹비작물 재배 후작 무경운 고추 유기재배의 생육 및 수량 2차 녹비작물 재배 토양에 무경운으로 풋고추를 2008년 4월 1일 정식하여 재배한 결과 녹비작물 종류에 따른 고추의 생육차는 인정되지 않았으나, 고추 수량은 무처리와 보리예취 이용 처리 및 녹비 생산량이 적은 완두콩 재배지에서 많았다. 5. 녹비작물과 고추 유기재배에 따른 시설토양 이화학성의 경시적 변화 비닐온실내의 토양에 무기화학성의 경시적 변화를 추적하여 본 결과 토양 pH는 녹비작물 재배 시 증가되는 경향을 보였으나, 고추재배 후에는 다시 토양 pH가 감소되었다. 토양에 EC는 녹비작물 재배 후 감소되었으나, 고추재배 후에는 다시 토양 EC농도가 증가되었다. 1차 녹비작물 재배 후에는 토양에 증가되었으나, 고추 재배 후에는 유기물함량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 토양에 총질소 함량은 녹비작물 2회 재배와 첫 번째 고추재배에서 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 두 번째 고추재배에서 급격한 증가를 보였다. 인산에 함량은 녹비작물재배와 고추 재배 시 미미하지만 공히 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 토양의 양이온 치환용량과 양이온인 토양 K, Ca, Mg함량은 녹비작물과 고추재배 시 감소되는 경향을 보였고, 고추재배에서는 같은 경향을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.512-518
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• 2002

In order to effectively utilize of granular ark and ark shell, lipid and fatty acid compositions, free amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds and minerals in the muscle and viscera of raw and cooked specimens were analyzed. The major constituents of non-polar lipids in the granular ark and ark shell were triglycerides, which showed higher content in viscera than the muscle. The polar lipids in the granular ark and ark shell were mainly consisted of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 20:5n-3, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:0 and 22:6n-3 both the granular ark and ark shell. The major nucleotides and the related compounds were adenosine monophosphate and adenosine diphosphate and they had higher content in the muscle than in viscera both samples, free amino acids such as taurine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, phenyl alanine and aspartic acid were abundant both the granular ark and ark shell. In the raw muscle of granular ark, glycine, alanine and $\alpha$-amino-iso-butyric acid were high level, but glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenyl alanine were low level compared with those of cooking muscle. In the raw muscle of ark shell, taurine and $\alpha$-amino-iso-butyric acid were high content, but the glutamic acid and aspartic acid were low level compared with those of cooking muscle. Minerals in the granular ark and ark shell were chiefly consisted of potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron and calcium.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.455-461
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• 2002

limiting nutrients for phytoplankton were determined by dissored inorganic nitrogen/phosphorous (DIN/DIP) in situ and algal bioassay experiment in the Seomjin River estuary during a study period from March 1999 to October 2001. DIN/DIP ranged from 14.7 to 681.1 during the study period. DIN/DIP was over 16 at the upper and middle estuarine region where salinity was lower than 25 psu and chlorophyll a concentration was high, probably indicating P-limitation in this region while the ratio was less than 16 at the high saline (> 25 psu) region, reflecting the supply of DIP from Gwangyang Bay and thereby indicating N-limitation at the lower estuarine region. These results suggested that the spatial distribution of DIN/DIP in the study region was controlled by the high supply of phosphate from Gwangyang Bay, the low input from Seomjin River and the active uptake by phytoplankton within the estuarine system. The bioassay experiments using Skeletonema costatum, Thalaasiosira rotula and in situ phytoplankton assemblage displayed relatively higher growth of phytoplankton in the P-added culture media, indicating P-limitation. This result was well consistent with the spatial distribution of inorganic nutrients. S. costatum showed a rapid adaptation to the low salinity compared to other phytoplankton species. This phenomenon seemed to account for the strong (> $90\%$ in total cell number) S. costatum bloom in autumn in this estuary. Moreover, although phytoplankton growth rate was higher in the P-added culture media at the end of culture experiment of in situ phytoplankton, the fast growth in the trace metal-added media at the beginning of the experiment suggested a possibility of limitation by other micro-nutrients such as trace metal and vitamin etc.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the activity of nitrogen fixation and accumulation of heavy metal and inorganic matter in Vicia amoena community at lower region in Kumho riverside, including Youngchon, Chimsangyo, Paldalgyo, Talseochon and Kumhogyo. The contents of inorganic matter and heavy metal of Kumho riverside soil increased in the down stream in each organ of the plant growing in the riverside. Generally, V. amoena community showed rapid growth of shoot and high value of Top/Root ratio. V. amoena community showed higher water content of shoot at late growth stage and higher chlorophyll content. The root nodule of V. amoena community appeared in April and increased by 0.30, 0.27, 0.24, 0.06 and 0.14 g/plant, and nitrogen fixation activity of nodule attained 20.1, 16.8, 15.4, 8.5 and 5.3 μmol·C₂H₄·g fw nodule/sup -1/·h/sup -1/ for non-contaminated area Youngchon, Chimsangyo, Paldalgyo, Talseochon and Kumhogyo, respectively, in June:. Nodule formation and nitrogen fixation activity were reduced in the down stream by the soil contamination and heavy metal accumulation and showed minimum values. at Talseochon and Paldalgyo. V. amoena showed growth adaptation against heavy metal toxicity by restricting heavy metal such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe from transport, and by accumulating high Ca ion in shoot, nitrogen and phosphorus in root at late growth stage than those at early one, respectively, but total heavy metal per plant showed higher values in shoot than those in root by high T/R ratio of plant growth.