• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.4C
• /
• pp.411-417
• /
• 2007

The rate control is an essential component in video coding to provide better quality under given coding constraints, such as channel capacity, frame rates, etc. In general, source data cannot be described as a single distribution in a video coding, hence it can cause an exhaustive approximation problem. It drops a coding efficiency under weak channel environments, such as mobile communications. In this paper, we design a new quantization parameter decision model that is based on a rate-distortion function of generalized Gaussian distribution. In order to adaptively express various source data distribution, we decide a shape parameter by observing a ratio of samples, which have a small value. For experiment, the proposed algorithm is implemented into H.264/AVC video codec, and its performance is compared with that of MPEG-2 TM5, H.263 TMN8 rate control algorithm. As shown in simulation results, the proposed algorithm provides an improved quality rather than previous algorithms and generates the number of bits closed to the target bits.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.26-39
• /
• 2007

In recent years, rate control is an important technique in real time video communication applications using H.264/AVC. Many existing rate control algorithms employ the quadratic rate-distortion model, which is determine the target bits for each P frame. In this paper, a new rate control algorithm for transmission of H.264/AVC video bit stream through CBR(Constant Bit Rate) channel is proposed. The proposed algorithm predicts an adaptive QP(Quantization Parameter) for improving video distortion, due to high motion and abruptly scene change, which target bit rate and MAD(Mean of Absolute Difference) for current frame considering image complexity variance between previous and current frames. Additionally, it uses frame skip technique to maintain bit stream within a manageable range and protect buffer from overflow or underflow. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives a quality improvement of about 0.5dB when compared to previous rate control algorithm. Also our proposed algorithm encodes the video sequences with less frame skipping compared to the existing rate control for H.264/AVC.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.1017-1030
• /
• 2012

Most watermarking schemes for video contents protection have been studied to increase watermark's robustness and invisibility against such compressions and many kinds of signal processing after embedding copyright information to the original contents. This paper proposes an active watermarking that infect watermark to contents in the video decoding process using embedded infectious watermark and control signals from a video encoder side. To achieve this algorithm, we design a kernel based watermarking in video encoder side that is possible to recover the original contents and watermark in watermark detection procedure perfectly. And then, by reversible de-watermarking in video decoder side, we design the active watermark infection method using detected watermark and control signal. This means that our system can provide secure re-distributions of video contents without any quality degration and watermark bit error against transcoding or re-encoding processing. By experimental results, we confirmed that the embedded watermark was infected by video contents and codec perfectly without any declines of compression ratio and video quality.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.304-309
• /
• 2004

Recently, the needs for multimedia stream such as digital audio and video in the Internet has increased tremendously. Unlike TCP, the UDP protocol, which has been used to transmit streaming traffic thorough the Internet, does not apply any congestion control mechanism to regulate the data flow thorough the shared network And it leads to congestion collapse of the Internet and results in long-term transmission delay. To avoid any adverse effect on the current Internet functionality, a now protocol of modification or addition of some functionality to perform congestion control and to reduce huge transmission delay in transmitting of multimedia stream are in study. TCP-friendly congestion control mechanism is classified into two : one is window-based congestion control scheme using general window management functionalities, the other is rate-based congestion control scheme using TCP modeling equation. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for improving the transmitting rate on a hybrid TCP-friendly congestion control scheme combined with widow-based and late-based congestion control for multimedia stream. And we also simulate the performance of improved TEAR implementation using NS. With He simulation results, we show that the improved TEAR can provide better fairness and lower rate fluctuations than TCP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2017

퍼지 논리를 기반으로 한 적응형 스트리밍 기법인 FDASH 적응 알고리즘은 빠르게 변하는 네트워크 상황에서 우수한 콘텐츠의 화질을 보장하면서 끊김 없는 서비스를 제공하는 특성을 보이지만 비디오의 화질이 자주 변하기 때문에 최고의 사용자 체감 품질 (QoE: Quality of Experience)을 제공하지 못 할 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 제한된 버퍼 크기를 가지고 동일한 콘텐츠의 화질을 보장하면서도 비디오 화질의 변화 횟수를 줄여서 최적의 QoE를 제공할 수 있도록 하는 변환된 퍼지 논리 기반의 DASH 적응 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 방식은 우선 퍼지 논리 제어부(FLC : Fuzzy Logic Controller)의 수정을 통하여 다음 세그먼트의 비트율에 대해 최적의 판단을 하도록 하였고, 세그먼트 비트율 필터링 모듈 (SBFM: Segment Bitrate Filtering Module)을 추가하여 비디오 화질의 변화 횟수가 최소화 될 수 있도록 하였으며, 스트리밍 서비스 시작 시 SBFM에 의해 일정시간 저화질의 비디오를 시청해야 하는 상황을 막기 위한 Start Mechanism을 추가하였고, 마지막으로 버퍼의 오버플로우를 방지하기 위해 Sleeping Mechanism을 추가하였다. NS-3를 이용한 네트워크 모의실험 결과를 통해 제안된 방식이 FDASH 방식에 비하여 제한된 버퍼크기 상황 하에서도 오버플로우가 발생하지 않으며 점대점(Point to Point) 상황에서는 거의 동일 화질 성능을 보이면서도 비디오 화질 변화 횟수를 50% 이상 줄일 수 있음과 일반 Wifi환경에서는 오히려 17.8%정도 더 뛰어난 비디오 화질 성능을 보이면서 비디오 화질변화 횟수 측면에서는 53.1%정도 줄일 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.14-17
• /
• 2010

Following the proliferation of three-dimensional video contents and displays, many terrestrial broadcasting companies prepare for starting stereoscopic 3DTV service. In terrestrial stereoscopic broadcast, it is a difficult task to code and transmit two video sequences while sustaining as high quality as 2DTV broadcast attains due to the limited bandwidth defined by the existing digital TV standards such as ATSC. Thus, a terrestrial 3DTV broadcasting system with heterogeneous video coding systems is considered for terrestrial 3DTV broadcast where the left image and right images are based on MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC, respectively, in order to achieve both high quality broadcasting service and compatibility for the existing 2DTV viewers. Without significant change in the current terrestrial broadcasting systems, we propose a joint rate control scheme for stereoscopic 3DTV service. The proposed joint rate control scheme applies to the MPEG-2 encoder a quadratic rate-quantization model which is adopted in the H.264/AVC. Then the controller is designed for the sum of two bit streams to meet the bandwidth requirement of broadcasting standards while the sum of image distortions is minimized by adjusting quantization parameter computed from the proposed optimization scheme. Besides, we also consider a condition on quality difference between the left and right images in the optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bit rate control scheme outperforms the rate control method where each video coding standard uses its own bit rate control algorithm in terms of minimizing the mean image distortion as well as the mean value and the variation of absolute image quality differences.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.423-424
• /
• 2007

비트율 제어는 제한된 대역폭 내에서 더 좋은 화질을 제공하기 위해 필요로하는 비디오 부호화의 구성요소이다. 본 논문에서는 저 전송률 환경에서의 모델기반 율제어 기법의 개선 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. H.263 TMN8과 MPEG-4 VMl6은 비트율-왜곡 분석관점에서 접근한 모델기반 비트율 제어 알고리즘으로 양자화가 수행될 데이터의 특성 분포를 단일 모델로 정의하여 해석한다. 이는 실제적인 데이터 분포 특성을 지나치게 간략화하기 때문에 부호화 효율을 떨어뜨리는 원인이 될 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 SAD값을 이용해 의미 있는 영역을 구하고, 이전 프레임의 양자화 변수들을 반영하여 양자화 변수를 결정하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2012.07a
• /
• pp.358-360
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 새로운 율모델을 기반으로한 프레임 단위 HEVC 율제어 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 비디오 압축표준과는 달리 HEVC 는 계층 구조를 지닌 쿼드트리 기반 움직임 예측 및 변환 부호화를 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 쿼드트리 계층의 깊이에 따라 신호의 통계적 특성이 매우 달라지는 것은 이용하여 라플라시안 확률 모델을 각 쿼드트리 계층에 독립적으로 이용한 새로운 율모델을 이용한 율제어 기법을 제안한다. 제안방법에서는 계층적 부호화 단위인 CU 를 계층 깊이에 따라 세 가지 카테고리로 분류하고 각 카테고리에 따라 변환 계수에 대한 라플라시안 확률 분포 함수를 율-양자화 모델을 만든다. 제안된 율모델은 특성이 매우 다른 각 CU 깊이에 따라 독립적인 라플라이안 확률 분포 함수를 이용하기 때문에 매우 정확하고 적응적인 비트율 예측이 가능하므로 보다 안정적이고 정확한 율제어가 가능하다. 실험결과는 제안된 율제어 기법이 단일 확률 분포 함수를 사용했을 경우보다 평균 0.16dB 의 PSNR 향상이 있었음을 보여주었으며 제안된 방법은 각 프레임에 대한 목표 비트에 보다 안정적으로 부호화하는 것을 보여주었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.10
• /
• pp.1155-1166
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we propose a new embedded video compression scheme which uses three-dimensional rate-distortion optimization based block coder. After the proposed scheme removes temporal redundancy by applying the motion compensated temporal filtering(MCTF) on input video frames, two dimensional discrete wavelet transform is applied on video frames to remove spatial redundancy. The three-dimensional wavelet coefficients generated in this way are sorted according to their expected rate-distortion slope and encoded by using the three-dimensional block partition coding method. The proposed scheme also uses both the effective color video coding method which maintains embedded features, and the efficient bit-rate control method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only produces embedded bit-streams, but also outperforms existing video compression schemes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.841-851
• /
• 2013

The infectious information hiding system(IIHS) is proposed for secure distribution of high quality video contents by applying optimized watermark embedding and detection algorithms to video codecs. And the watermark as infectious information is transmitted while target video is displayed or edited by codecs. This paper proposes a fast and effective reversible watermarking and infectious information generation for IIHS. Our reversible watermarking scheme enables video decoder to control video quality and watermark strength actively for by adding control code and expiration date with the watermark. Also, we designed our scheme with low computational complexity to satisfy it's real-time processing in a video codec, and to prevent time or frame delay during watermark detection and video restoration, we embedded one watermark and one side information within a macro-block. Experimental results verify that our scheme satisfy real-time watermark embedding and detection and watermark error is 0% after reversible watermark detection. Finally, we conform that the quality of restored video contens is almost same with compressed video without watermarking algorithm.