• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 1986

This study was carried out to compare the handle of silk fabrics degummed with Alkalase, Protease produced by bacteria, with of silkfabrics degummed with the soap-soda. 1. In twill habutae, the stiffiness of silk fabric degummed with Alkalase was lower than that of silkfabirc degummed with soap-soda. The soft feeling value which is meaning the total Mandle value of medium fabirc for lady, as well as the Smothness, were more improved in enzymatic degumming than in the soap-soda degumming. 2. In case of Crep De Chine representing thin fabric for lady, the stiffness and Anti-Drape stiffness of the fabric degummed with Alkalase were lower than those of fabric degummed with the soap-soda, but the fullness and the Flexibilit with smooth feeling which is meaning the Total Handle value were higher.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2012

In this experiment, the optimum concentration of polyols which were used for making transparent soaps was determined using design of experiment (DOE) method. Dipropylene glycol and 1,3 butylene glycol with short chains enhanced the transparency of soap, however, polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin and diglycerin made the soap opaque. The hardness of soap was increased as increasing the concentration of propylene glycol, diglycerin, dipropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400. The hardness, transparency, absorbance of water, and friction solubility could be optimized by controlling the concentration of dipropylene glycol, polyetylene glycol, sugar, and triethanolamine.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.523-526
• /
• 2010

주어진 경계선에 대해 비누막이 생성하는 표면 모델링 및 시간에 따른 변형 시뮬레이션은 컴퓨터 그래픽스 응용 프로그램의 한 분야이다. 이 문제에 대한 이전의 연구들은 주로 기하적인 방법들을 이용하였기 때문에 물리적으로 정확한 변형을 다루지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 정확한 기하를 바탕으로 물리기반 변형을 다루기 위해 이산미분기하학으로부터 비누막의 동적인 모델을 제안한다. 우선, 비누 성분의 물리적인 특성들을 고려한 에너지 모델을 정의하고, 이를 이산 영역에서 나타내기 위해 이산미분기하 및 이산화 기법들을 이용한다. 제안하는 모델은 평형 상태에서의 비누막 형상뿐만 아니라 외력에 대한 표면의 변형까지 정확하게 나타내며, 실시간 시뮬레이션이 가능하여 게임, 애니메이션 목적으로 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 1987

This study was investigated on the effect of degumming of cocoon shell, raw silk yarn and grey silk crepe by use of Papain, comparing with soap, soda and soap-soda. The obtained results may be summarized as follows : 1. Degumming loss, when the pretreatment was done, was completed by Papain more than by alkali. 2. Lousiness result of Papain degummed silk yarn was apt to be improved more than that of alkali degummed one. 3. As a result of tensile property test, elasticity and resilience of Papain degummed crepe were good compared to those of alkali degummed one. 4. Not only bending rigidity of Papain degummed crepe was reduced more than that of alkali degummed one but also hysteresis of bending moment was decreased in papain degummed crepe. 5. Handle of Papain degummed crepe was superior to that of alkali degummed one.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 1992

In this thesis, both soap and enzymatic degumming method were adopted and the optimum degumming conditions were obtained. Difference between the two degumming methods in silk fiber state was investigated and analyzed on the basis of the results of physical testings, polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, viscosity measurement, (${\alpha}$＋$\varepsilon$) amino group contents measurement, birefringence measurement, amino acid analysis, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results obtained were summarized as follows; Physical test results of the degummed silk fiber showed that the tenacity and the elongation of enzymatic degummed silk fiber were lower than those of soap degummed fiber. But SEM observation and amino acid analysis showed almost the same tendency in the two degumming methods. The viscosity of enzymatic degummed silk fiber was lower than that of soap degummed fiber, but (${\alpha}$＋$\varepsilon$) amino group contents was higher in the enzymatic degummed fiber. It can be suggested that the enzymatic degummed silk fibroin was more degraded than the soap degummed fibroin. The birefringence, endothermic temperature of DSC spectrum, IR crystallinity and X-ray lateral order factor of enzymatic degummed silk fiber were higher than those of soap degummed fiber. It seems that the enzymatic degummed silk fiber has the higher crystallinity than that of soap degummed one according to the above results. However, it can be inferred that these differences between soap and enzymatic degummed fiber would be lessened if pretreatment and aftertreatment were included in the enzymatic degumming process.

• Journal of Naturopathy
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2022

Background: New beauty soaps are always subject to evaluation. Purposes: This study performed a human application test and safety evaluation on the cleaning effect of the fine dust mimic of the test product, Daziwar soap bar, on 52 women. Methods: The quantitative change measured the cleaning effect of fine dust before and after washing immediately after spraying the fine mimetic dust on the forearm of 22 women. In addition, the safety was evaluated at 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after 24 hours after applying the patch to the woman's back. Results: After one time washing with the soap immediately after spraying dust on the inside of the arm, the amount of the remaining mimetic was statistically significantly decreased in both the test group and the control group (p < .001). However, the washing rate was 99.96% in the experimental group and 75.58% in the control group. The questionnaire was evaluated as 'Good' or higher in terms of efficacy. In the evaluating of adverse reactions after washing fine dust by a dermatologist, there were no reports or observations of specific skin adverse reactions or abnormal findings in the subjects. The safety evaluation was judged as non-irritating in the skin reaction evaluation at 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after instillation on the back for 24 hours. Conclusions: The test product, Daziwar soap, was found to be very helpful in cleaning fine dust on the human body and was found to be safe for the human body.

• Venture DIGEST
• /
• s.136
• /
• pp.46-46
• /
• 2009

더러운 것이 묻은 손을 비누로 씻는 일, 우리에겐 당연한 일이지만 끼니 걱정을 하는 인도의 빈민가 사람들에게는 생소하기만 한 일이다. 손을 씻는 방법을 잘 모르는 그곳 사람들의 잘못된 위생 습관은 설사병 등이 생기는 원인이 되어 생명을 위협한다. 이 사실을 아는 '힌두스탄 유니레버' 직원들은 빈민가로 직접 찾아가 사람들에게 비누로 깨끗하게 손을 씻는 방법을 알리고 있다. 건강을 위한 손 씻기 프로젝트를 진행하는 인도의 사회적기업 힌두스탄 유니레버를 소개한다.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2003

For the purpose of obtaining surface-anionized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel beads, vinyl acetate(VAc) and methacrylic acid(MMA) were copolymerized by the suspension polymerization technique and followed by the saponification. It was confirmed by $^1$H-NMR that the copolymerized microspheres contained carboxylic acid groups in their surface. poly(VAc-co-MAA) microspheres were completely saponified in the heterogeneous system. The saponification reaction was laster than that of PVAc microspheres. We observed the swelling property of saponified PVA microspheres treated in the acidic solution and in the alkaline solution successively. Saponified microspheres shrank in acidic solution and swelled in alkaline solution respectively, which was reversible. from the result, saponified microspheres were highly water-absorbing hydrogel beads and were certified -COOH group at their surface by $^1$H-NMR and FT-IR.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.375-380
• /
• 2007

To recover sericin protein from by-product in silk production process, a polyethersulfone hollow fiber ultra-filtration membrane module was used. The soap in the degummed solution was precipitated by calcium chloride. The influence of membrane module of submerged and external type on membrane fouling was investigated. The effect of soap and protein on the membrane fouling in the external type membrane module was also studied. The removal of soap resulted in decreasing the membrane fouling. It was shown that the protein and the membrane were affected by the soap.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2005

Solvent extraction experiments have been performed to separate Nd and Sm from chloride solution with PC88A. The effect of the saponification of PC88A on the extraction and separation of the two metals were studied. In the experimental ranges conducted in this study, the distribution coefficients of Sm were higher than those of Nd and separation factor between them increased with the equilibrium pH of aqueous solution. Saponification of PC88A enhanced the distribution coefficients of Sm and Nd and the separation factor. A chemical model was developed to predict the distribution coefficients of metals and separation factor from the initial extraction conditions. The measured distribution coefficients of Nd and Sm with PC88A and saponified PC88A agreed well with those calculated in this study.