• 해운
• /
• no.3 s.37
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2007

세계해운업계가 파나마운하의 확장공사에 따른 통항료 인상안에 대해 크게 반발하고 있다. 파나마운하를 이용하는 선사들은 이구동성으로 인상폭이 과도할 뿐만 아니라 향후 운하확장 공사비용을 미리 이용자들에게 떠넘기는 파나마운하당국의 처사를 비난하고 있다. 다음은 파나마운하 확장에 따른 인상계획안과 세계해운업계의 반응, 그리고 운하 확장공사 후의 전망 등을 요약하여 정리한 것이다.

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.11 s.129
• /
• pp.38-51
• /
• 1989

국방분야에서 브라질은 미국과의 유대가 좋았으나, 1977년 카터 행정부의 브라질내 인권문제에 대한 비난에 따라 Ernesto Geisel 브라질 대통령은 양국간의 방위협정 종료를 통고하게 되었다. 협정종료의 이면에는 그동안 누적되어 온 여러 문제들이 있었다. 예컨대 미국으로 부터 브라질로 이전되는 진부한 군사장비, 양국간의 무역마찰과 브라질의 보호무역주의등의 이유가 양국의 관계를 불편하게 하는 계기가 되었다

• Defense and Technology
• /
• no.4 s.134
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 1990

절충교역의 이용은 고용 및 기술의 이전효과를 가져오며, 여러 정부에 의해 비난과 동시에 찬사의 대상이 되고 있다. 비록 미국은 현재 다른 국가들이 방위구매에서 절충교역을 요구하는 것을 막으려 하고 있고, 이러한 절충교역의 이용을 금지시키거나 제한시키려는 정치적 움직임이 지지를 받아오긴 했으나, 이제 절충교역 조건의 확산과 이용을 중단시킬수 없는 것은 영국에서 "산업혁명"을 막을수 없던 것과 같다

• Journal for History of Mathematics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 1997

수학 기초의 위기에 대한 직관주의적 대안은 파격적인 것이었다. 수학을 지나치게 축소시켰다고 비난을 받기도 하지만 역리의 제거라는 측면만 본다면 직관주의는 성공적이라고 할 수 있었다. 본고는 직관주의를 개관하고 직관주의가 가지는 보다 철학적이고 본질적인 측면을 직관주의의 창시자인 Brouwer의 수학관과 세계관에서 찾는다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.397-400
• /
• 2001

인터넷 플라자에서 있어 실내 조명은 이용자들의 시력보호측면에서 중요한 사항이나 적정 조명에 관한 제안치가 없으며 PC방은 국내의 여러 가지 여건이나 정부정책에 따라 우후죽순으로 확대 설치된 것으로 청소년의 좋지 않은 온상으로 비난받고 있는 것으로 보도되고 있다.(중략)

• The Korea Swine Journal
• /
• v.17 no.8 s.192
• /
• pp.56-57
• /
• 1995

지금까지 굴욕적인 협상이라고 비난하던 사람들까지도 지난 실무협상에서 우리의 주장을 떳떳이 밝히고 한미간의 쌍무협상에서 WTO로 넘어가게 되었을 때는 박수를 친바 있었으나 이번 정부 조치는 너무 쉽게 무너진 것으로 정부 협상 태도에 실망을 금할 수 없다. 특히 국내 사정이 냉장육으로 유통되기 어려운 낙후된 환경에서 국민보건보다는 미국의 통상압력만을 생각해서 타협한 것은 납득하기 어려운 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.18 no.1 s.39
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study were to segment adolescents into groups by Satir's communication and self-esteem and to investigate the differences among the groups regarding impulse buying of clothing and clothing behavior. The study distributed the questionnaires to the adolescents who were high school students in seoul. The total respondents were 596. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, k-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, regression and ${\chi}2-test$. Factor analysis showed that impulse buying of clothing had three dimensions: sensitive aspects of products stimulation, marketing situation stimulation and non-Plan stimulation. K-means cluster analysis showed that adolescents were segmented into four groups(blame-high self esteem, placate-high self esteem, blame-low self esteem, placate-low self esteem). The four groups were significantly different in regard to three dimensions of sensitive aspects of products stimulation, marketing situation stimulation and non-plan stimulation. For example, placate-high and low self esteem groups were influenced by sensitive aspects of products stimulation and marketing situation stimulation(-). And blame-high and low self esteem groups were influenced by marketing situation stimulation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.139-160
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to develop a teaching and learning plan and practical performance assessment tools for the improvement of teenager-parent communication and relationships as well as explore their effects on the communication in the everyday family life; and (ii) to find the underlying problems of teenager- parent communication through conversation analysis and to provide a improved dialogue model. We provided the experimental group with a performance task of communication training between teenagers and their parents in the real family situation while the control group practiced communication skills in a learning situation. However for both classes, before and after performance tasks were equally provided. The experimental group exhibited a longer conversation time with their parents, better communication skills, and higher degrees of relational satisfaction than the control group. Conversation analysis revealed that the experimental group reduced the use of blocking techniques in the teenager-parent conversations more than the control group, and all so raised the frequency of functional communications more than the control group. In both areas of communication in the experimental group was significantly improved, Most notably, a problem-solving case through no-lose conflict resolution methods was effective, succeeding by 70% in the e experimental group and 43.3% in the control group. Parents use blocking techniques like admonition, lecturing, blaming. sarcastic remarking, ordering and so forth, while teenagers use dispute, avoidance, blaming, and teasing in this order. The communication problems during the conversation process, teenagers' evasive and rebellious way of speaking instigates adverse communication responses from parents, so their conversation tends to unfold as ambiguous evasion opposed to: inquiring or evasion by short answers vs. ordering-preaching, or disputing vs. criticizing-making sarcastic, disputing vs. disputing-teaching, and criticizing vs. criticizing.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.155-168
• /
• 2017

This study investigates how elementary students used cognitive-emotional rebuttals in the context of modeling activities, especially on how their emotional and cognitive processes lead them to use rebuttals in terms of epistemic affect. Twenty-five fifth grade elementary students participated in the study as part of their science class. During the course of their sixth periods, students constructed a human respiratory system model through continuous discussion. The research results showed that elementary students used an elaboration-oriented rebuttal, a defence-oriented rebuttal, and a blame-oriented rebuttal in their modeling activity. The elaboration-oriented rebuttal interspersed with negative epistemic affect was used to elaborate on a student's explanation, and a negative epistemic affect was elicited from their cognitive discrepancy. On the other hand, defence-oriented rebuttal and blame-oriented rebuttal entangled with negative epistemic affect were used to defeat the students rather than help rigor evaluation of students' explanation, and the negative epistemic affect was elicited from the other students' undesirable behavior. These results suggest that students' rebuttals can be elicited by epistemic dynamics related to the epistemic affect. The study shows that if negative epistemic affect were elicited from the other students' naive or false explanations, such an emotion is natural in terms of model construction, and the model can be further developed through the acceptance of the elaboration-oriented rebuttals by students' emotion regulation. In addition, we suggest that negative emotions aroused from the worsening of relationships during small group modeling activities are difficult to regulate and can have negative effects on students' cooperative model construction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.144-154
• /
• 2018

While depressives tend to be preoccupied with their own grief and the negative aspects, they might lack the capacity to interact with outside world. With the intention to determine whether depressives might have certain characteristics regarding empathic behavior, as behavior is highly based on responsiveness to others, we examined the relationship between emotional empathy and depression. In addition, we examined the mediating effect of self-criticism on the relationship between emotional empathy and depression. Data was collected from 146 online university students and analyzed using the correlation and multiple regression model. Results showed that perspective taking, which is the cognitive aspect of empathy, was negatively correlated with depression. Concerning the emotional aspects of empathy, both empathic responding and empathic concern were negatively correlated with depression, while personal distress was positively correlated with depression. Regression results, which set the empathy related variables as predicting variables, found perspective taking decreased depression, and personal distress enhanced depression. In addition, personal distress showed significant enhancing effect on depression and was completely mediated by self-criticism. With the result, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.