• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.6 s.121
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• pp.680-688
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• 2007

Time domain closed-form analytical solutions to the coupled telegrapher's equations for the voltage and current on a lossless multiconductor transmission line are presented. The resulting expressions are obtained in the form of exact time domain propagators operating on the line voltage and current. Time domain numerical methods are developed and examples showing exceptionally accurate results are obtained for uniform and nonuniform; symmetric and asymmetric strip lines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

For H-polarized incident plane wave, an exact integral expression for the scattered field by an inversely tapered resistive half plane is obtained by using Kontorovich-Lebedev transform. Uniform asymptotic results available for all angles are obtained, and non-uniform asymptotic results which provide the ray-optical interpretation of the calculated scattered field are also obtained. The edge diffraction patterns for several values of inverse proportionality of resistivity are shown. We find out that the results are in agreement with physical reasoning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.154-155
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• 2010

최근 Stranski-Krastanov (SK) 성장법을 이용한 자발형성 (Self-assembled) InAs/GaAs 양자점 (Quantum Dot) 연구가 기초 물리학뿐만 아니라 응용에 있어 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 보고에 따르면 SK 성장법을 통한 InAs/GaAs 양자점은 크기, 균일도, 및 밀도 등의 성장거동 제어에 한계가 있다. 예로, 성장속도 및 증착양이 감소하더라도 상대적으로 크기가 큰 InAs/GaAs 클러스터 (Cluster)를 형성하여 크기분포의 불균일 및 결함을 야기하여 결과적으로 전기/광학적 특성을 저해하는 요인이 된다. 이를 개선하기 위한 방안으로 SK 성장법을 변형한 다양한 수정자발형성법이 제안되어 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 SK 성장법과 Arsenic-interruption Technique(AIT), In Pre-deposition (IPD)법을 각각 접목한 수정자발형성법을 이용하여 상대적으로 크기가 큰 InAs/GaAs 양자점 또는 클러스터 형성을 감소시켜 공간적 크기 균일도 및 밀도를 제어한 결과를 보고한다. 성장된 InAs/GaAs 양자점 시료의 구조 및 광학적 특성을 원자력간현미경 (Artomic Force Microscopy, AFM)과 Photoluminescence (PL) 분광법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 기존 SK 성장법을 이용하여 형성한 기준시료의 AFM 이미지에서 InAs/GaAs 양자점과 클러스터의 공간밀도는 각각 6.4*1010/cm2와 1.4*109/cm2로 관찰되었다. 그러나, AIT를 이용한 양자점 시료의 경우 상대적으로 크기가 큰 InAs/GaAs 클러스터는 관찰되어지지 않았고, 양자점 밀도는 8.4*1010/cm2로 SK 양자점에 비하여 30% 정도 개선되었다. 또한, InAs/GaAs 클러스터를 제외한 공간 균일도는 SK-InAs/GaAs 양자점의 15.6%에 비하여 8%로 크게 개선된 결과를 얻었다. AIT 성장법을 이용한 InAs/GaAs 양자점에서 원자의 이동거리 (Migration Length)의 제어로 양자점의 형성특성이 개선된 것으로 설명할 수 있으며, Arsenic 차단 시간이 임계점 이상으로 길어지면 다시 InAs/GaAs 클러스터들이 형성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. InAs/GaAs 양자점과 클러스터 형성 특성이 초기 표면 조건에 어떻게 영향을 받는지 분석하기 위해, InAs 양자점 성장 이전에 V족 물질 공급 없이 Indium의 공급시간을 1초(IPDT1S 시료), 2초 (IPDT2S 시료), 3초 (IPDT1S 시료)로 변화시키면서 증착하고 기존 SK 성장법으로 양자점을 성장하였다 (IPD성장법). 그 결과 IDP1S 양자점 시료의 공간밀도가 10*1010/cm2로 SK InAs/GaAs 양자점 시료에 비해 약 60% 정도 증가하였고, 클러스터도 관찰 할 수 없었다. 그러나 IPD 시간이 증가할수록 다시 InAs/GaAs 클러스터들이 형성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 InAs/GaAs 양자점 성장초기에 InAs 핵생성 사이트 (Nucleation site)의 크기 및 상태를 제어하는 것이 양자점의 밀도 및 균일도를 제어하는 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.100-100
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• 2010

토모그래피는 플라즈마 물리학뿐만 아니라 의료영상이나 천문학 등의 분야에서 오랫동안 이용되어 온 기법으로 직접 들여다 볼 수 없는 단면을 선적분된 데이터를 이용하여 국지적인 데이터를 재구성해내는 영상진단 방법이다. 플라즈마 물리학의 경우 공간적으로 검출기 배열을 균일하게 배치할 수 없으므로 토모그래피 기법에 균일화는 필수적이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 Phillips-Tikhonov 균일화 방법을 사용하였다. Phillip-Tikhonov 균일화 방법은 인접한 픽셀 사이의 구배(gradient)를 최소화하는 방향으로 단면영상을 재구성하는 방식으로, 다른 토모그래피 알고리듬에 비해 훨씬 더 정확한 결과를 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마의 공간분포 진단을 위하여 토모그래피 진단법과 부유탐침 진단법을 사용하였다. 플라즈마의 선적분된 방출광을 디지털카메라로 측정한 후 Phillips-Tikhonov 토모그래피 방법으로 재구성하여 플라즈마의 국지적인 공간분포를 알아내었다. 결과의 타당성을 확보하기 위해 부유탐침 진단결과와 비교 분석하여, 전자온도가 위치에 따라 일정한 상태에서 부유탐침을 통한 밀도분포와 토모그래피 진단법에 의한 플라즈마 방출광 세기의 공간분포가 거의 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 플라즈마의 국지적인 공간분포 진단을 위한 디지털카메라를 이용한 토모그래피 진단법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.4 s.119
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• pp.372-378
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• 2007

This paper presents an improvement of field uniformity in a reverberation chamber with QRDs(Quadratic Residue Diffuser) and also shows the optimal dimension of the QRDs. The QRD is designed for $1{\sim}3\;GHz$ frequency band and the FDTD(finite-Difference Time-Domain) method is used to analyze the field characteristics. At 2 GHz, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber is the smallest when the QRD has $30{\sim}60\;%$ coverage of one side of the reverberation chamber and the field uniformity is worsened when the coverage of the QRD is either below 20 % or above 70 % of the area of the side wall. Particularly, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber with 30 % coverage of QRD is improved by 1.53 dB compared to that of the reference chamber with no QRDs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.2B
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• pp.137-144
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• 2002

In this paper, we optimize the base station placement and transmission power using genetic approach. A new representation describing base station placement and transmit power with real number is proposed, and new genetic operators are introduced. This new representation can describe the locations, powers, and number of base stations, Considering coverage, power and economy efficiency, we also suggest a weighted objective function. Our algorithm is applied to an obvious optimization problem, and then it is verified. Moreover, our approach is tried in inhomogeneous traffic distribution. Simulation result proves that the algorithm enables to fad near optimal solution according to the weighted objective function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2009

Flow analyses have been performed to investigate the uniformity of propellant flow through the fuel and oxidizer manifolds of a full-scaled gas generator for a pump-fed liquid rocket engines. Injectors were simulated as porous medium layers having equivalent pressure drops. The uniformity of propellants has been analyzed for 3 fuel rings and 3 injector head configurations. The mixture ratio distribution at the exit of injectors has been estimated from the mass flow rates of fuel and oxidizer. The best configuration of fuel ring and injection head was selected through these flow analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.47-49
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• 1999

The air and impurity gaps generated by a defect in homogeneous material have a difference index of refraction compare to the homogeneous material. Therefore an electromagnetic wave has a multiple reflection between the two indices of refraction. If the gap has a small thickness, it is difficult to know the gap in time domain. However, the presence of the gaps can be known in frequency domain by total transmission and phase difference. Also, the thickness and index of refraction can be measured by well known Febry-Perot theory.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.202-216
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• 1998

Improved version of previous 'Orthotropic' closure approximation, termed 'ORW' has been numerically developed using new homogeneous flow data. Previous 'Orthotropic' closure approximation, i.e., ORF or ORL showed non-physical oscillation for interaction coefficient $C_1$<0.001 at simple shear flow. It also shows non-physcial oscillation and under-prediction compared with 'Distribution Function Calculation' at non-homogeneous flow of center-gated disk. These phenomena are mainly due to the flow data of 'Distribution Function Calculation' which were used for least-square optimization. ORW obtained by fitting flow data of low interaction coefficient does not show non-physical oscillation and results in reasonably good behaviors at non-homogeneous flows as well as homogeneous flows. Fitting function forms have not been found to improve overall behaviors. It has been found that considering all the eigenvalues of orientation tensor (including the third eigenvalues) might end up with a better closure approximation than just considering the first and second eigenvalues. It is, however, very important and yet difficult to select appropriate function forms of eigenvalues. Numerical simulation including coupling and in-plane velocity gradient effects were performed for injection mold filing process with a film-gated strip and a center-gated disk using ORW and various other closure approximations for comparisons. Although ORW is in excellent agreement with 'Distribution Function Calculation', the predicted results seem to have consistent error in comparison with experimental data. The diffusivity term with constant interaction coefficient might have to be further investigated in order to accurately describe orientation states.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 2014

A multi-perforated tube is generally installed between the muffler inlet and in front of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts in the integrated urea-SCR muffler system in order to disperse the urea-water solution spray uniformly and to make better use of the SCR catalyst, which would result in an increase nitrogen oxide ($NO_x$) reduction efficiency and a decrease in the ammonia slip. The effects of the multi-perforated tube orifice area ratios on the internal flow characteristics were investigated analytically by using a general-purpose commercial software package. From the results, it was clarified that the multi-perforated tube geometry sensitively affected the generation of the bulk swirling motion inside the plenum chamber set in front of the SCR catalyst and to the uniformity index of the velocity distribution produced at the inlet of the catalyst. To verify the analytical results, engine tests were carried out in the ESC and ETC modes. Results of these tests indicated that the larger flow model in the longitudinal direction showed the highest NOx reduction efficiency, which was a good agreement with the analytical results.