• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

Brake tube is considered one of the most important parts in automobile. The shape of brake tube end has a great influence on the function of brake, and the quality and productivity of brake tube have relation to die design. The forming process of brake tube end is performed by hydraulic press forming machine. In this paper, the forming processes of tube end for automobile is analyzed and designed to make the optimal form of brake tube end. Also, finite element analysis has been carried out using $DEFORM^{TM}% 3D to predict the optimal shape of brake tube end and the results obtained showed the optimal length between punch and chuck is $1.0{\sim}1.2mm$. The shape of tube end is in good agreement with the finite element simulations and the experimental results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the optimal shape of the brake tube-end and flare nut for automobiles using the $DEFORM^{TM}-3D$, finite element code. A flare nut is a small and important part used to join a brake tube-end in automobiles. In this instance, we studied the optimal forging processes for the tube-end and flare nut. Finite element analysis has been carried out to predict an optimal shape of the tube-end and flare nut. Also the simulation results were reflected to the forging processes design for the tube-end and flare nut. The shape of the tube-end and flare nut is in agreement with the finite element simulation and the test results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.155-160
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• 2008

End part of the brake tube formed with the shape of snake head is important for the braking of automobile in safety because it has to prevent crack, fracture and defects occurred during the forming process. Especially, the shape of tube end has influence on the ability of brake. Based on the procedure of process design, in this paper, the forming operation is done by finite element method and the design variables are analyzed by Taguchi method. Design variables such as the outer angle of tube end with the shape of snake head(A), the inner angle to make a hole at tube end with the shape of snake head(B) and the forming distance at tube end(C) are used. Optimization of design variables is performed to minimize the damage factor of the tube end occurred during the forming process. The value of damage factor of 0.327 was obtained under the optimal condition like $A=114^{\circ},\;B=80^{\circ}$ and C=5.3mm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.53-57
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• 2002

Brake tube is considered one of the most important parts in automobile. The shape of brake tube-end has a great influence on the function of brake, and the quality and productivity of brake tube have relation to die design. The forming process of brake tube-end is peformed by hydraulic press forming machine. In this paper, the forming processes of tube-end for automobile is analyzed and designed to make the optimal form of brake tube-end. Also, finite element analysis has been carried out using DEFORM-3D$\^$TM/ to predict the optimal shape of brake tube-end and the results obtained showed the optimal length between punch and chuck is 1.0 ∼ 1.2mm. The shape of tube-end is in good agreement with the finite element simulations and the experimental results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2011

In this paper, a new tube-radius-measuring algorithm has been proposed for effectively measuring the radii of small tubes under severe noise conditions that can also perform well when metal scraps that make it difficult to measure the radius correctly are inside the tube hole. In the algorithm, we adopt a fuzzy searching method that searches for the center of the inner circle by using fuzzy parameters for distance and orientation from the initial search point. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested on both synthetic and real-world tube images, and the performance is compared to existing circle-detection algorithms, such as the Hough transform and RANSAC methods, to prove the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm. From this comparison, it is concluded that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance in terms of measurement accuracy and computation time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

This study focused on the localization of swivel type tube couplers, which all depend on imports. In this study, a computer application analysis was performed using a finite element method as a preliminary study. In the major developments related to the objective of this study, the air brake system produced by car makers represents a different in the installation point of an air tank according to the type of cars or in the length and direction of its hoses and that leads to cause lots of problems. For solving such problems, the design of the major elements in a swivel type tube coupler was analyzed using a finite element method, and its validity was also verified. In the process that verifies the validity of this study, it was necessary to investigate how much external force affects the desorption of the tube support, which is the most important element in swivel type tube couplers. For achieving the investigation, a pressure test was implemented for the tube support according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards(FMVSS). In the results of the pressure test, all samples satisfied the FMVSS. In addition, several tests were implemented by installing the sample of the developed swivel type tube coupler to an actual vehicle. In particular, rotation tests with various angles were applied by welding the swivel type coupler to an air tank through an argon welding process. In the results of the installing test for an actual vehicle, it was verified that the designed structure was determined as a structure that is able to endure the eccentric torque and deformation pressure applied to several directions that are the major problems in such fixed type tube couplers. Therefore, in the comparison of the performance of the developed product with the product of PARKER, it was possible to verify that the localized swivel type tube coupler developed in this study shows more excellent than that of the existing products by PARKER.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

Flare nut is an important Part that used to joint a brake tube-end in automobiles. It was made of SWCH 10A by machining. But we studied to make it by metal forming. The main focus of this paper is to investigate an optimal forging processes for flare nut using the DEFORM$^{TM}$-3D. commercially available finite element code and tests. Actually an explicit finite element analysis of the flare nut forging processes has been carried out to predict an optimal shape of the flare nut and its results were reflected in the tests of the forging processes design for flare nut. The simulation results which had obtained from finite element analysis were contributed to the forging processes design for flare nut. An optimal shape of nave nut showed agreements with test results. Furthermore. this paper should contribute to a development of the forging process for a variety of parts.s.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.124-129
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• 2015

CNT and GNP have several excellent mechanical properties including, high strength, Young's modulus, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, electronic shielding and so on. In this study, CF/CNT, GNP/epoxy composites were manufactured by varying the CNT weight ratio at 2wt% and 3wt%, GNP weight ratio at 0.5wt% and 1 wt%. The composites were manufactured by mechanical method (3-roll-mill). Tensile, impact and wear tests were performed according to ASTM standards D638, D256 and D3181 respectively. The results showed that, CF/GNP0.5 wt%/epoxy composites gave good mechanical property in all composites, e.g., tensile strength, impact and were resistance.