• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-63
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• 2012

Previous studies of reward programs have generally focused on designing the best programs for consumers and suggested that consumers' perception of the value of reward programs can vary according to the type of reward program (e.g., hedonic vs. utilitarian and direct vs. indirect) and its timing (e.g., immediate vs. delayed). These studies have typically assumed that consumers' preference for reward programs has a positive effect on brand loyalty. However, Dowling and Uncles (1997) pointed out that this preference does not necessarily foster brand loyalty. In this regard, the present study verifies this assumption by examining the effects of consumers' perception of the value of reward programs on their brand loyalty. Although reward programs are widely used by online shopping malls, most studies have examined the conditions under which consumers are most likely to value loyalty programs in the context of offline shopping. In the context of online shopping, however, consumers' preferences may have little effect on their brand loyalty because they have more opportunities for comparing diverse reward programs offered by many online shopping malls. That is, in online shopping, finding attractive reward programs may require little effort on the part of consumers, who are likely to switch to other online shopping malls. Accordingly, this study empirically examines whether consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. Meanwhile, consumers seek utilitarian and/or hedonic value from their online shopping activity(Jones et al., 2006; Barbin et al., 1994). They visit online shopping malls to buy something necessary (utilitarian value) and/or enjoy the process of shopping itself (hedonic value). In this sense, reward programs may reinforce utilitarian as well as hedonic value, and their effect may vary according to the type of reward (utilitarian vs. hedonic). According to Chaudhuri and Holbrook (2001), consumers' perception of the value of a brand can influence their brand loyalty through brand trust and affect. Utilitarian value influences brand loyalty through brand trust, whereas hedonic value influences it through brand affect. This indicates that the effect of this perception on brand trust or affect may be moderated by the type of reward program. Specifically, this perception may have a greater effect on brand trust for utilitarian reward programs than for hedonic ones, whereas the opposite may be true for brand affect. Given the above discussion, the present study is conducted with three objectives in order to provide practical implications for online shopping malls to strategically use reward program for establishing profitable relationship with customers. First, the present study examines whether reward programs can be an effective marketing tool for increasing brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. Second, it investigates the paths through which consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty. Third, it analyzes the effects of this perception on brand trust and affect by considering the type of reward program as a moderator. This study suggests and empirically analyzes a new research model for examining how consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. The model postulates the following 10 hypotheses about the structural relationships between five constructs: (H1) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their program loyalty; (H2) Program loyalty has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H3) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their brand trust; (H4) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their brand affect; (H5) Brand trust has a positive effect on program loyalty; (H6) Brand affect has a positive effect on program loyalty; (H7) Brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H8) Brand affect has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H9) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs is more likely to influence their brand trust for utilitarian reward programs than for hedonic ones; and (H10) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs is more likely to influence their brand affect for hedonic reward programs than for utilitarian ones. To test the hypotheses, we considered a sample of 220 undergraduate students in Korea (male:113). We randomly assigned these participants to one of two groups based on the type of reward program (utilitarian: transportation card, hedonic: movie ticket). We instructed the participants to imagine that they were offered these reward programs while visiting an online shopping mall. We then asked them to answer some questions about their perception of the value of the reward programs, program loyalty, brand loyalty, brand trust, and brand affect, in that order. We also asked some questions about their demographic backgrounds and then debriefed them. We employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) method with AMOS 18.0. The results provide support for some hypotheses (H1, H3, H4, H7, H8, and H9) while providing no support for others (H2, H5, H6, H10) (see Figure 1). Noteworthy is that the path proposed by previous studies, "value perception → program loyalty → brand loyalty," was not significant in the context of online shopping, whereas this study's proposed path, "value perception → brand trust/brand affect → brand loyalty," was significant. In addition, the results indicate that the type of reward program moderated the relationship between consumers' value perception and brand trust but not the relationship between their value perception and brand affect. These results have some important implications. First, this study is one of the first to examine how consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. In particular, the results indicate that the proposed path, "value perception → brand trust/brand affect → brand loyalty," can better explain the effects of reward programs on brand loyalty than existing paths. Furthermore, these results suggest that online shopping malls should place greater emphasis on the type of reward program when devising reward programs. To foster brand loyalty, they should reinforce the type of shopping value that consumers emphasize by providing them with appropriate reward programs. If consumers prefer utilitarian value to hedonic value, then online shopping malls should offer utilitarian reward programs and vice versa.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2012

I. Introduction : The purpose of this study is to test empirically hypothetical causality among constructs used in previous studies to build the model of relational market behavior on customers' participation and consumer-brand relationship after introducing theories of relationship marketing, loyalty program, consumer-brand relationship, customers' participation in service marketing as previous studies with regard to relational market behavior, which Bagozzi(1995) and Peterson(1995) commented on constructs and definition suggested by Sheth and Parvatiyar (1995). For this purpose, loyalty program by the service provider, customers' participation and consumer-brand relationship as preceding variables explain relational market behavior defined by Sheth and Parvatiyar(1995). This study proposes that loyalty program as a tool of relationship marketing will be effective in that consumers' participation in marketing relationship results in a narrow range of choice(Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995) because consumers think that their participation motive result in benefits(Peterson, 1995). Also, it is proposed that the quality of consumer-brand relationship explain the performance of relationship as well as the intermediary effect because the loyalty program could be evaluated based on relationship with customers. We reviewed the variables with regard to performance of relationship based on relation maintain in marketing literature, and then tested our hypotheses related to several performance variables including loyalty and intention of relation maintain based on the previous studies and constructs(Bendapudi and Berry, 1997 ; Bettencourt, 1997 ; Palmatier, Dant, Grewal and Evans, 2006 ; You Jae Yi and Soo Jin Lee, 2006). II. Study Model : Analyses about hypothetical causality were proceeded. The marketing effect of loyalty program on relational market behavior was empirically tested in study regarding a service provider. The research model in according to the path hypotheses (loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior and loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, and loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior and customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, and customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior) proceeded as an activity for customer relation management was suggested. The main purpose of study is to see if relational market behavior could be brought as a result of developing relationship between consumers and a corporate into being stronger and more valuable when a corporate or a service provider try aggressively to build the relationship with customers (Bettencourt, 1997; Palmatier, Dant, Grewal and Evans, 2006; Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995). III. Conclusion : The results of research into the membership fitness club, one of service areas with high level of customer participation (Bitner, Faranda, Hubbert and Zeithaml, 1997; Chase, 1978; Kelley, Donnelly, Jr. and Skinner, 1990) are as follows: First, causalities in according to path hypotheses were tested, after the preceding variables affecting relational market behavior and conceptual frame were suggested. In study, all hypotheses were supported as expected. This result confirms the proposition suggested by Sheth and Parvatiyar(1995), who claimed that intention of consumer and corporate to participate in marketing relationship brings high level of marketing productivity. Also, as a corporate or a service provider try aggressively to build relationship with customers, the relationship between consumers and a corporate can be developed into stronger and more valuable one (Bettencourt, 1997; Palmatier, Dant, Grewal and Evans, 2006). This finding supports the logic of relationship marketing. Second, because the question regarding the path hypothesis of consumer-brand relationship ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior are still at issue, the further analyses were conducted. In particular, there existed the mediating effects of consumer-brand relationship toward relational market behavior. Also, multiple regressions were conducted to see if which one strongly influences relational market behavior among specific question items with regard to consumer-brand relationship. As a result, the influence between items composing consumer-brand relationship and ones composing relational market behavior was different. Among items composing consumer-brand relationship, intimacy was an influence of sustaining relationship, word of mouth, and recommendation, intimacy and interdependence were influences of loyalty, intimacy and self-connection were influences of tolerance and advice. Notably, commitment among items measuring consumer-brand relationship had the negative influence with relational market behavior. This means that bringing relational market behavior is not consumer-brand relationship without personal commitment, but effort to build customer relationship like intimacy, interdependence, and self-connection. This finding confirms the results of Breivik and Thorbjornsen(2008). They reported that six variables composing the quality of consumer-brand relationship have higher explanation in regression model directly affecting performance of consumer-brand relationship. As a result of empirical analysis, among the constructs with regard to consumer-brand relationship, intimacy(B=0.512), interdependence(B=0.196), and quality of partner(B=0.153) had the effects on relation maintain. On the contrary, self-connection, love and passion, and commitment had little effect and did not show the statistical significance(p<0.05). On the other hand, intimacy(B=0.668) and interdependence(B=0.181) had the high regression estimates on word of mouth and recommendation. Regarding the effect on loyalty, explanation level of the model was high(R2=0.515), intimacy(0.538), interdependence(0.223), and quality of partner(0.177) showed the statistical significance(p<0.05). Furthermore, intimacy(0.441) had the strong effect as well as self-connection(0.201) and interdependence (0.163) had the effect on tolerance and forgive. And these three variables showed effects even on advice and suggestion, intimacy(0.373), self-connection(0.270), interdependence (0.155) respectively. Third, in study with regard to the positive effect(loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ customers' participation, loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, loyalty program ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior, customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior, consumer-brand relationship ${\rightarrow}$ relational market behavior), the path hypothesis of customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship, was supported. The fact that path hypothesis of customers' participation ${\rightarrow}$ consumer-brand relationship was supported confirms assertion by Bitner(1995), Fournier(1994), Sheth and Parvatiyar(1995) about consumer relationship to participate in marketing relationship.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.193-203
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• 2014

This study was to highlight the importance of elements of flower fair to organizer who organize flower fair in local community, to increase of participancy in flower fair exhibition with informing experience element and finally to increase incomes of flower farmhouse. To investigate degrees of interest of visitors on experience marketing of exhibition factors in flower fair, survey was conducted for 278 target audiences and data was analyzed to find the effect of experience marketing of exhibition factors in flower fair on the interest of purchasing. To population statistics, female took majority, 61.9% in sex, twenties, 34.5% in ages, married, 50.7% in marriage and students, 36.7% in job. University graduation occupied 58.3% in education, one million something, 48.6% in average income, seoul showed 38.1% in resident cities and 1st time visit was 79.9% in flower fair visit. For statistical categories, technology statistics analysis and reliability analysis were conducted. To check validity, factor analysis was conducted, and to see interrelationship of factors, using regression analysis, fluence among factors was analyzed. Results showed that exhibition environment of flower fair was effected by cultural elements, exhibition quality and exhibition service were effected by event and cultural element, exhibition marketing was effected by cultural and image element and purchasing interest was effected by image element.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-47
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• 2014

This research was conducted on the purpose of seeking the measures of how to cope with the changing industry of Topokki franchises. Despite of the fact the number of Kukdae Topokki's stores is quite smaller than that of its competitors, such as Jaws Topokki and Addal Topokki, Kukdae Topokki is recognized as one of the front-runners in the industry. But the competition in the topokki industry has become fiercer, as the market became saturated. To find a desirable solutions, this study analyzes past-to-current status of the Topokki industry by dividing it into 4 stages and provides few strategies that Kukdae Topokki can apply to the 4th stage where 'brand awareness' is very important. To this end, few drawbacks of Kukdae Topokki are proposed as the following. First, the brand image that Kukdae Topokki pursue does not correspondent with the image in consumer's mind. Second, Kukdae Topokki has selected the wrong targeting group. It aims for the image of 'retro' to target people in their 30-40s. However, most of the consumers are people in their 20-30s. Third, the taste of Kukdae Topokki is not uniform among franchises. Fourth, the awareness and accessability are low. To provide a proactive actions for the next stages, several solutions are proposed as following. First, By managing consistent Kukdae Topokki's Brand Touch point, consumers may have a strong image on the brand by communicating with consumers consistently at all touch points. Second, instead of the existing guide from the head office(franchiser), a standardized criteria for the usage of materials and periodical education for franchisee are needed. Third, to raise the awareness of Kukdae Topokki, open many branches in the area where the main consumers(20-30s women) are mostly spread out.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.121-127
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine how the interior improvement of department store would affect costumers' behavior The marketing field that is aimed to maximize consumption is required to recognize the strategy about the environment that promotes consumption and products values. The places where to appear intensively and largely are department stores; they have to Provide diverse kind of products, services, and pleasant circumstances for shopping. Therefore, the goal of this research is based on studying customers behavior that is distinguished cause in selling space in the department store. First, to notice the meaning of consumption to the modern society, secondly, to analyze how customers behave differently according to various shape of selling spaces, thirdly, with precise understanding of buyers consumption behavior, to suggest the fundamental information In department merchandizing planning for maximized selling.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

The food crisis is gradually augmented, which derives from a world-wide process. And it is the actual conditions for which there is no solution on national level. Rice is a fundamental agricultural products, and it makes up a large percentage in the Korean farming industry. Especially, the environment around the domestic rice market has rapidly been changing and shrinking because of the open policy in the International market. In order to compete with the international market, Korea must be strong in stable-based construction and international marketing strategies of domestic rice products. Most of consumers recognize the importance of developing a brand-name rice. However, the degree of recognition on the brand-name rice is still very low. The Purpose of this paper Is to drive brand marketing strategy for positioning of domestic rice products.

• Information Display
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.4-9
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• 2004

최근 비오이 하이디스에서는 무제한의 광시야각과 시야각에 따른 색변화가 최소화된 선명한 색 특성을 갖는 Advanced FFS(Fringe Field Switching) 기술을 개발하였다. 이 기술은 resin 기술적용(평탄화에 의한 고개구율)없이 종래의 FFS 기술에서 액정의 전기 광특성을 최적화하는 새로운 디자인 룰을 찾아내어 실현하였다. 진보된 화소 개념은 전극의 모서리 구조, 전극 간격/폭, 칼라 필터의 블랙 마트릭스(BM)와 전극 간격등의 key parameters들의 최적화에 의해 달성되었고 액정 셀 내의 모서리와 전기장등이 액정을 미세하게 조정할 수 있도록 있게 된 것이다. 이러한 진보된 설계 개념은 모든 FFS 제품에 반영되어 개발되었다. 뿐만 아니라 12.1" XGA 제품에서 투과율이 22% 증가하고 흑백 대비비(Contrast Ratio)는 33% 증가한 600 : 1의 세계 최고 사양을 갖는 제품을 개발하게 되었다. 특히 태블릿과 노트북용 TFT- LCD 모듈에서 단일 도메인(Single Domain) 모드로도 White상태에서 시야각에 따른 색변화가 0.02 이하의 특성을 갖고 180도/180도의 무제한 시야각을 갖고 있다. Advanced FFS 기술의 브랜드 이름과 슬로건으로 'Viewiz'와 'Vision Magic'을 정하여 마케팅 중이며 세계적인 Top Tier 고객에 제품을 판매 중이고, 2004년 3분기에는 태블릿 시장에서 점유율 70%로 1위를 차지하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1551-1562
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 카탈로그 구매자들이 의복쇼핑과 관련한 변인에 대하여 성별 차이를 보이는지를 연구하였다. 총 207명의 의류카탈로그 소비자들을 남성그룹 (N=97)과 여성그룹 (N=110)으로 나누어 카탈로그 의복쇼핑과 관련하여 구매자 성향, 애고 동기, 애고 행동을 비교하였다. 여성은 남성보다 유희적, 가격 중시, 편리성 중시 구매자 성 향을 높게 보였다. 여성 소비자들은 남성 에 비해 카탈로그 쇼핑에 대한 전반적인 만족도를 더 높게 나타내었고, 특히 편리성, 용이성, 유희성, 안전성, 경제성 면에서 더 높게 평가하였다. 남성이 여성보다 더 높은 만족도를 나타낸 유일한 항목은 카탈로그의 브랜드 구색이었다. 이처럼 카탈로그 의복쇼핑의 만족도에 관한 성별 차이에도 불구하고 실제로 카탈로그를 통한 의복쇼핑 행동에서는 성별의 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 결론을 바탕으로 의류 카탈로그 업체를 위한 마케팅 전략들이 제안되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.95-108
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• 2007

본 연구는 수직적 유통거래 관계에서 거래의 불공정성을 발생시키는 선행요인과 결과요인에 관한 모형을 겁증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 기존 연구를 바탕으로 거래의 불공정성의 개념을 도입하고, 실증적으로 검증하여 향후 거래의 불공정성 연구에 응용될 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 또한 시장지배력이론과 거래비용이론을 적용시킴으로서 거래의 불공정성에 대한 보다 폭넓은 이해를 위해 노력하였다. 이러한 연구목적 달성을 위하여 문헌연구를 통해 가설을 도출하였으며, 국내 소비재 제조기업 표본 258를 대상으로 실증분석을 하였다. 제조업체의 브랜드 자산이 높을수록, 거래의 불공정성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 제조업체와 유통업체간의 상대적 의존성이 높을수록 거래의 불공정성은 증가할 것이라고 결과가 도출되었고, 마케팅협력정도가 높을수록 거래의 불공정성은 감소할 것이라고 나타났다. 거래의 불공정성이 증가할수록 관계지속기대감은 감소할 것이며, 거래의 불공정성이 증가할수록 신뢰는 감소할 것이라는 결과가 도출되었다. 연구결과를 기반으로 본 연구는 이론적 시사점, 실무적 시사점, 연구의 한계점 그리고 미래 연구방향에 대하여 논의하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.713-729
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• 2017

프랜차이즈 산업은 전문 창업시스템을 구축한 가맹본부가 사업 초기부터 가맹점의 영업활동을 지원하고 사업 노하우(know-how) 및 경영 기술을 지원 해줌으로서 창업 활동을 용이하게 도와주고 있다. 프랜차이즈 가맹점 창업의 장점은 브랜드 인지도를 활용한 영업활동으로 창업초기부터 일정한 수익을 보장 받을 수 있는 이점이 있어 소상공인의 관심이 매우 높다. 본 연구에서는 프랜차이즈 지원서비스인 가맹본부의 상품공급 수준, 고객관리 지원, 슈퍼바이저지원, 교육훈련 지원, 마케팅지원이 가맹점주의 경영성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 연구함으로 써, 가맹본부와 가맹점간의 서로 상생할 수 있는 지원서비스에 대한 전략적인 방법과 기업가정신과 개인 특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다.