• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

The slope failure in the country is caused by mainly rainfall and its type is reported shallow slope failures in general. To investigate the cause of slope failure, the unsaturated soil slope behavior in accordance with rainfall amount studies actively, but there are little studies related the slope erosion and scour by rainfall. The slope erosion and scour by rainfall cause environmental pollution and slope instability, however there are few methods to effectively control them. This research analyzed experimentally how infinite gradients are infiltrated according to the changes of amount of rainfall and the slope of gradients by manufacturing the model of gradient in order to investigate how rainfall infiltrates regarding homogeneous gradients and slope protection method. For this, this experiment measured and analyzed discharge, storage rate occurring in gradients by going on changing amount of rainfall, slope of gradients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2017

국내의 사면안정평가는 국토교통부, 국민안전처, 산림청 등의 주요 기관에서 사면을 구성하고 있는 토양특성과 사면경사 등을 평가할 수 있는 기준을 마련하고 있다. 대부분 경우 이 기준을 가지고 자연사면의 안정성에 대한 전반적인 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 하천관리에서는 다양한 요소들을 고려하여 계획이 수립되고 실행되고 있으며 이 중 산지와 기타 지역에서 유입유사는 그 정도에 따라 하천의 통수능력 감소와 하천생태계 교란 등의 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 이유에서 유사는 하천관리에 있어 매우 중요한 관리 대상이다. 그러나 현재 평가기준을 이용하여 사면의 붕괴 및 취약정도를 판단할 수 있으나 유역의 유사발생여부를 평가하기에는 상당한 오류를 가지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 사면평가기준을 통한 1차적인 평가와 강우로부터 발생하는 토양침식과 퇴적을 분석 결과를 적용한 종합적인 2차적인 평가를 수행하였다. (1)기존에 사용하고 있는 사면안정평가기준을 가지고 대상유역인 금호강유역의 토양특성에 대한 등급을 분류한다. (2)토층, 토지이용, 빈도별 강우자료 등 다양한 인자를 고려할 수 있는 C-SEM(Cell-based Sediment Erosion Model)을 이용하여 침식 및 퇴적 깊이를 계산한다. (3)사용하고 있는 평가기준과 침식 및 퇴적깊이에 대한 분석결과를 조합하여 금호강유역에서의 유사발생 평가를 위한 지도를 작성한다. 이 연구는 국가에서 제공하고 있는 유역관련 자료를 이용하여 대상유역에서 유사발생을 평가하고 유사발생 관련인자를 대상으로 평가기준을 제안하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3C
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

An actual slope failure was analyzed in residual soils at Jinju. Due to rainfall infiltration, the safety factor decreases in the unsaturated layers, since the effective stress and shear strength decrease. In this study, the effective stress is based on suction stress using soil water retention curve. Unsaturated properties were evaluated on soil water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity and shear strength with samples from the site. After infiltration analysis of unsaturated flow under the actual rainfall, the distribution of pore water pressure could be calculated in the slope layers. In the stress field of finite elements, an elastic analysis calculated total stress distribution in the layers and also shear stresses on the slip surface using elastic model. On the slip surface, suction stress and effective stress evaluated the shear strength. As a result, the factor of safety was calculated due to rainfall, which could simulate the actual slope failure. In particular, it was found that the suction stress increases and both the effective stress and the shear strength decrease simultaneously on the slip surface.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.49-55
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• 2019

Slope failure analysis entails proper understanding of various factors as well as the characteristics of ground conditions, which are difficult to achieve due to technological limits. Despite a number of past studies to clarify possible factors triggering slope failures, the impact of rainfall characteristics and infiltration rate, which are the key to estimation of slope stability in wet condition, on slope failures still remains unclear. This study has estimated permeability against various unit weights of soil based on constant head permeability tests using Jumunjin standard silica sand. One dimensional infiltration tests were conducted to estimate the infiltration capacity and the amount of infiltration taking into account the permeability and rainfall intensity. The applicability of existing empirical equations for the estimation of infiltration to granular soils was verified on the basis of the test results.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.104-115
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• 2001

This study was carried out to to execute the slope stabilization scheme of soil and weathered rock slope with forest road generating slope failure due to heavy rainfall. The timber piled stabilization by Shin's formulae for landslide-restraint pile as elastically supported elastic columns under distributed loads was applied on the unstable fill slope. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The timber piled stabilization was applied for unstable slopes such as the soil slope and weathered rock slope of metamorphic rock regions. The results indicated that pile interval of 0.5~1.0m was appropriate in the case of high hillslope gradients and 0.7~2.0m in the case of low hillslope gradients of soil slope, and Pile interval of 0.5~1.3m in the case of high hillslope gradients and 0.7~2.0m in the case of low hillslope gradients of weathered rock slope. Recommended pile length was around 4m for pile 1, 2 and 3, and nearly 3m for pile 4 and 5.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2013

As heavy rains occur more frequently due to the recent climate change, slope collapses are increasing, and damage to human life and properties is accordingly increasing every year. The most proper method to take preventive measures against slope collapses is to remove the cause after understanding the cause of slope collapse in advance, and for such, slope safety inspection is implemented for preventive purposes, to investigate the cause, and as a measure for restoration. Thus, this Research was able to reach the following conclusion after utilizing LiDAR, which obtains detailed topographic information in a short period of time with point cloud data on slopes subject to safety inspection. First, as a result of analyzing the errors after installing a check point in the subject area, the RMSE of the horizontal location error appeared to be ${\pm}2.2cm$ and the RMSE of the vertical location error appeared to be ${\pm}3.0cm$, which shows a practically satisfactory result. Second, the economic feasibility was outstanding and obtaining accurate topographic information was available. Third, an area once scanned allowed to accurately obtain an unprescribed cross-sectional diagram in a short period of time, thus, appeared to be convenient for experts to detect dangerous sections.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2021

Recently, due to climate change, the slope is increasing, and the risk of steep slope disasters such as the occurrence of slope collapse in the east coast and Busan region in 2019 and the Gokseong landslide in 2020 is increasing. Particularly, most national parks are made up of mountainous areas, and the risk of disasters on steep slopes is increasing. As the ground of the national park is aging and the weathering and jointing of the bedrock are accelerating due to climate change, the slope collapse and rockfall are increasing, and the annual number of visitors is increasing, it is necessary to manage steep slopes adjacent to multi-use facilities with many users. In this study, dangerous steep slopes that affect multi-use facilities in national parks were analyzed using GIS and verified through field surveys. As a process for extracting steep slopes adjacent to multi-use facilities in national parks, the slope was made in DEM and slopes of 34 degrees or higher were extracted. The difference between the maximum and minimum heights of the extracted slopes was used to confirm that the slopes met the standard for steep slopes, and the analysis of the slope direction was used to confirm whether it had an effect on the multi-use facilities. After that, precision aerial images and field photos were analyzed to finally identify risks at 4 sites, and field surveys were conducted. As a result of the field survey, all 4 sites were found to be steep slopes, 3 were graded D and 1 was graded C, so it was confirmed that management was required as a risk of collapse. All steep slopes extracted through GIS were found to be dangerous, so it is judged that the extraction of steep slopes through GIS would be appropriate.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.791-807
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze landform characteristics and geomorphic processes in Dokdo seamount. For geomorphic analysis, bathymetry data were collected by multi-beam echosounder and the seismic survey was also conducted. Through the detailed analysis of depth, slope, aspect and erosional landform, Dokdo Seamount is characterized by a flat or gently sloping top of $2^{\circ}$ or less and seamount slope with $14{\sim}40^{\circ}$ gradient. There are protrusion of landform around the Dokdo on top of the Dokdo seamount. It is inferred that the features are formed by collapsed debris deposits or remained bedrocks by differential erosion in the past. The massmovement topography including slump and slide is shown on seamount slope with $14{\sim}40^{\circ}$ gradient. In addition, gullies with various length are developed on the Dokdo seamount slope. Slope erosional processes occur more actively along the submarine gullies on the Dokdo seamount. It is inferred that the massmovement processes on the slope of Dokdo seamount are related to earthquake activities and evolution of submarine volcano. Consequently, slope of the Dokdo seamount has retreated by erosional processes of mass-movement and submarine gullies.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2015

The cut-slope of a large-sectional tunnel portal is recognized as a potential area of weakness due to unstable stress distribution and possible permanent displacement. This paper presents a case study of a slope failure and remediation for a large-scale cut-slope at a tunnel portal. Extensive rock-slope brittle failure occurred along discontinuities in the rock mass after 46 mm of rainfall, which caused instability of the upper part of the cut-slope. Based on a geological survey and face mapping, the reason for failure is believed to be the presence of thin clay fill in discontinuities in the weathered rock mass and consequent saturationinduced joint weakening. The granite-gneiss rock mass has a high content of alkali-feldspar, indicating a vulnerability to weathering. Immediately before the slope failure, a sharp increase in displacement rate was indicated by settlement-time histories, and this observation can contribute to the safety management criteria for slope stability. In this case study, emergency remediation was performed to prevent further hazard and to facilitate reconstruction, and counterweight fill and concrete filling of voids were successfully applied. For ultimate remediation, the grid anchor-blocks were used for slope stabilization, and additional rock bolts and grouting were applied inside the tunnel. Limit-equilibrium slope stability analysis and analyses of strereographic projections confirmed the instability of the original slope and the effectiveness of reinforcing methods. After the application of reinforcing measures, instrumental monitoring indicated that the slope and the tunnel remained stable. This case study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for similar engineering cases of large-sectional slope stability.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

Three-dimensional slope stability analysis was applied to a failed dual-lithology slope containing both granite and an andesitic dyke, taking account of the differences in shear strength of the different lithologies. A direct shear test of the soil-rock boundary was performed to examine the shear strength of two different types of failure surfaces within different lithologies, and a laboratory test was performed on an upper, weathered soil layer. The test results indicate that shear strength was lower at the soil-rock boundary than within the weathered soil layer. A representative geological section was subjected to two-dimensional slope stability analysis using a limit equilibrium method to assess whether the distribution of lithologies upon the slope influences the results of stability analysis. The results were then compared with those of three-dimensional slope stability analysis, for which input parameters can be varied according to the distribution of lithologies upon the slope. The three-dimensional analysis yielded safety factors of 1.26 under dry conditions and 0.55 under wet conditions, whereas the two-dimensional analysis yielded unstable safety factors of 0.92 and 0.32, respectively. These findings show that the results of stability analysis are affected by the distribution of different lithologies upon the slope. Given that the studied slope collapsed immediately after rainfall, it is likely that the results of the three-dimensional analysis are more reliable.