• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

Fluoride released from dental restorative materials effectively declines the incidence and activity of dental caries and inhibits tooth demineralization. This study investigated the fluoride release and uptake characteristics of one composite resin $(Z-250^{TM})$ three glass ionomer-based restorative material ($Dyract^{(R)}$ AP, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$, Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$) Forty discs(6mm diameter and 1mm height) were prepared for each material. Each disc was immersed in 5ml of distilled water within polyethylene vial and stored at $37^{\circ}C$. The distilled water was changed every 24 hours and the release of fluoride was measured for 31 days. At the end of this period, each specimen was subjected to one of four treatments : (A) no fluoride treatment (control), (B) application of a fluoride dentifrice (500ppm) for three minutes three times; (C) application of the 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) foam for one minute once, (D) the same regimen as (B), plus application of the APF foam for one minute once. Then, all samples were reassessed for an additional 7 days. For all samples, the greatest fluoride release was observed after the first day of the study but diminished with time. On the 7th day of the study, fluoride release level was stabilized. Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$ released higher amount of fluoride than other materials ; however, no statistically significant difference was found from Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$. The amount of fluoride of $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ and Fuji IX GP $Fast^{(R)}$ was increased after fluoride treatment, and diminished with time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.367-368
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• 2016

본 연구는 임상에서 사용되어지는 두 가지의 불소 바니쉬를 비교연구 하였다. 또한 각각 치아표면에 10mg의 불소 바니쉬를 도포하였다. 각 대상자들의 타액의 불소이온유리농도는 1,3,12,24시간으로 채취하여 분석하였다. 각각의 불소 바니쉬를 도포한 타액 내 불소이온의 유리 누적량은 차이를 보였다. 본 연구는 현재 사용되어지는 불소 바니쉬를 선택함에 있어 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 사료되어진다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2005

The replacement of dental restorations due to secondary caries is a continuing problem in restorative dentistry. The secondary caries can be partly prevented by using fluoride containing dental materials such as glass ionomer cement, which releases and be recharged with fluoride ion acting as a fluoride reservoir. For the purpose of investigating the behaviors of fluoride release and recharge of conventional and high viscosity glass ionomer cements, the experiment was performed on the seven specimens each from 4 kinds of materials ; 1 kind of conventional glass ionomer cement, 2 kinds of high viscosity glass ionomer cements and 1 kind of composite resin. The amount of fluoride release was measured over 7 days with pH/ion meter and fluoride specific electrode. After measuring daily fluoride release, the specimens were recharged with 2% NaF solutions for 4 minutes and measured for 3 days with recharging repeated two consecutive times. The results were as follows : 1. Significantly more fluoride was released at first day after recharge in all materials except Z-100. 2. High viscosity glass ionomer cements released more or nearly equal amount of fluoride after recharge compared with the initial release(P<0.05). 3. The fluoride release after recharge with 2% NaF solution was in order of Fuji IX, Ketac Fil, Ketac Molar, Z-100.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2018

This study was to measure and compare the amount of fluoride, microhardness and solubility of high viscosity glass ionomer and resin-reinforced glass ionomer during 84 days. Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC and Filtek$^{TM}$ Z350XT stored in deionized water for 84 days to measure fluoride release, microhardness and solubility. As a result of measurement of fluoride release, all the glass ionomers showed the highest amount of fluoride release on day 1 and gradually decreased. Fuji IX GP EXTRA showed the highest amount of fluoride release and cumulative release. And Fuji IX GP and Fuji II LC showed no significant difference. Microhardness measurements showed that all experimental groups decreased 1 day after exposure to water. After 84 days, microhardness showed no significant difference between Fuji IX GP EXTRA and Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC was the lowest. In the solubility measurement, Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC increased rapidly to 21 days. After 21 days, there was no significant difference in the three groups. As a result, short term fluoride release affects solubility and microhardness, but long term fluoride release has no correlation. Through this study, the amount of fluoride, microhardness, and solubility of various glass ionomers were evaluated, and these properties could be applied clinically.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release and microhardness of Beautifil II as giomer(Group I), F2000 Compomer as compomer(Group II), GC Fuji II LC Capsule as resin-modified glass ionomer(Group III) and $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350 as composite resin(Group IV) according to time. Forty discs(5 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were prepared for each material. Each disc was immersed in 3 ml of de-ionized water within polyethylene tube and stored at $37^{\circ}C$. Evaluations were performed by pH/ISE meter for analysis of fluoride release and hardness testing machine for analysis of microhardness over 31 days. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. For all groups except group IV, the greatest fluoride release was observed after the first day of the study period and then dramatically diminished over time. On the 7th day of the study period, fluoride release level was stabilized. 2. Group III showed the highest fluoride release among test groups and then group II, group I were followed. Significant difference in cumulative fluoride release over 31 days was found between each groups. Group IV showed no fluoride release during study period. 3. Group IV showed the highest microhardness among test groups and then group I, group II, group III were followed. Significant difference in microhardness was found between each group, except between group I and group II. 4. After 31 days, microhardness was slightly diminished in every group. However, no significant difference was found.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the solubility and the amount of fluoride release when a resin surface coating agent is applied to RMGIC. Materials and Methods: To measure the fluoride release and solubility, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$and $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350XT without a surface coating, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ with G coat $plus^{TM}$ and Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ with $Permaseal^{(R)}$ were prepared. And the amount of fluoride release and solubility were measured. Results: There was no significant difference in the daily fluoride release between the surface coating agents. The cumulative fluoride release was significantly different between the groups using RMGIC at 56 days (P < 0.05). In the solubility measurement, RMGIC without surface coating was significantly different only on the 7th day compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Surface coating agents can prevent the degradation of properties by the initial solvent in RMGIC. Therefore, fluoride is preserved inside the restorative material and the effect of surface coating after the addition is reduced, so that the effect on fluoride release and storage is also reduced.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.469-476
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• 2008

This study was performed to compare the fluoride release pattern and compressive strength of recently developed resin-modified glass ionomers($Ketac^{TM}$ N 100 and Fuji Fil LC) with those of conventional glass ionomer restorative material(Fuji II LC). Fifteen sample discs(6 mm diameter and 1 mm height) were prepared for each tested material. The fluoride release was measured by pH/ISE meter(750P, Istek, Korea) for 31 days. For compressive strength experiment, fifteen cylindrical specimens were prepared for each tested material. Each specimen was submitted to compressive strength testing in an universal testing machine(Kyung-sung Testing Machine Co., Korea) at crosshead speed of 5.0mm/min until failure. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. Fuji Fil LC released the highest amount of fluoride, followed by Fuji II LC and $Ketac^{TM}$ N 100(p<0.05). 2. The compressive strength of Fuji Fil LC was the lowest(p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found from Fuji II LC and $Ketac^{TM}$ N 100(p>0.05). By considering the above results, careful case selection and accurate clinical application is recommended when using $Ketac^{TM}$ N 100 and Fuji Fil LC.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2020

The aim of the study is to compare the fluoride release and recharge properties of glass ionomer cements and 'alkasite'. Specimens of two glass ionomer cements (Fuji IX GP and Riva Self Cure), 'alkasite' restorative material (Cention N) and composite resin (Filtek™ Z350XT) were prepared. The fluoride release of each specimen was measured for 28 days. Thereafter, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was applied to experimental groups. No treatment was performed on control groups. The fluoride release was measured for additional 7 days to evaluate the fluoride recharge properties of each materials. The fluoride release was highest in Riva Self Cure, followed by Fuji IX GP, Cention N (p < 0.05). Fluoride release of Cention N was measured to be approximately 49% of Fuji IX GP's. After the application of 1.23% APF gel, increases in fluoride release were observed in Riva Self Cure, Fuji IX GP and Cention N (p < 0.05). Fluoride recharge was observed in Cention N as well as in glass ionomer cements. Further studies are required to evaluate the anti-cariogenic properties of Cention N at clinical conditions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength and amount of fluoride-release of recently developed giomers (Beautifil Flow Plus F00, Beautifil Flow Plus F03), conventional giomer, resin-modified glass ionomer and composite resin. Fifteen cylindrical specimens for each group were prepared to measure fluoride release. It was measured using pH/ISE meter and fluoride ion electrode every 24 hours for the first 7 days and every 72 hours until the 31st day. Also, fifteen cylindrical specimens for each group after thermocycling were prepared to measure compressive strength. The universal testing machine (Kyung-sung Testing Machine Co., Korea) was used and the crosshead speed was 1 mm/min. Recently developed giomers showed more fluoride release and higher compressive strength than conventional giomer. It would be a good alternative to composite resin.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.445-453
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine of fluoride-releasing of orthodontic resin cements containing fluoride and compare decalcification of tooth attached fluoride and non-fluoride resin cements. Methods : Total eighty premolar tooth were used in this study. Forty tooth were used for fluoride releasing measurement and forty tooth were used for decalcification measurement. Each forty tooth were randomly divided into four groups, and brackets were attached on tooth surface with Blugloo, Light Bond, Orthofolw(experimental groups) and Transbond cement(control group). After brackets were attached on tooth surface, forty tooth were immersed in artificial salival and then the quantity of fluoride releasing was measured ever day for 8days and then three-days intervals for 3 weeks. Forty tooth were immersed in decalcification solution for 48hours and then degree of decalcification was measured as lesion area, ${\Delta}F$, and ${\Delta}Q$ using QLF. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS 12.0 program. Results : Fluoride release of experimental groups was higher than control group(p<0.05). Cumulative fluoride release of experimental groups was also higher than control group(p<0.05). There were the highest release during first day. ${\Delta}F$, and ${\Delta}Q$ was high TB > BG > OF > LB (p<0.05). Change of ${\Delta}F$, and ${\Delta}Q$ was also high TB > BG > OF > LB (p<0.05). As for correlation between fluoride release and lesion area, ${\Delta}F$, and ${\Delta}Q$ showed negative correlation but there was no significant difference. Conclusions : This study shows that orthodontic reins cements containing fluoride release fluoride and prevent initial enamel decalcification caused by orthodontic treatment.