• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Objectives : The objective of this study is the Basic research for mind and body cure protocol construction through the Sim(心) study at Buddhism Medicine, Constitutional Medicine, and Oriental Medicine. Methods : 1. The Sim(心) in Buddhism is a target of spiritual culture and subjective awareness of An ascetic person in interior psychology. In this research, the Sim(心) has been modified within a concept of Early Buddhism and You-sic in order to have medical logicality. 2. Since the study deep into Sim(心) within Confucianism has various aspects, each Confucian's theory argument or era. We limited the significance of the Sim(心) to be associated with the category of the Sim(心) in Sasang Constitutional Medicine which is a product of practical Confucianism. 3. The criteria of debate for the Sim(心) is based on the "Hwang-je-nae-gyoung", because "Hwang-je-nae-gyoung" is founded to definite the term regarding spirit or mind in Oriental medicine Results : 1. "Hwang-je-nae-gyoung" which came from thought of You-Sic, thought of Taoism, and Early Buddhism becomes the theoretical basis for the Sim(心) in Buddhism Medicine, Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and Oriental Medicine. 2. The Sim(心) in the mind psychology of Buddhism Medicine, Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and Oriental Medicine has active aspects. but the visual thing // There are visual aspects being contrasted with 'Sim(心)' of mind psychology and aspects of activity in Buddhism medicine, Sasang constitutional Medicine and Oriental Medicine; which are 'Hrd', 'Hrdaya', 'four-large' 'five base', 'chin, chest, navel and abdomen', 'head, shoulder, waist and buttocks' consisting 'the body', and the heart and 'four interorgans' from the study of symbolical interorgans). In Buddhism Medicine, Sim(心)'s Epistemology is the most extensively understood fact about 'Sim(心)', and for Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Oriental Medicine. 'Sim(心)' is limited as an 'Element' that comprises the body. 3. The Functional area of the Sim(心) in the Buddhism Medicine, Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Oriental Medicine is composed with 'consciousness(意識)' 'manas-vij_na(末那識)', '_aya-vij_na(阿賴耶識)', 'mind greed(心欲)', 'Li(理)' and 'Sin(神)', about the interpretive area of 'Sim(心)', 'Sin(神)' of Oriental medicine is the most comprehensive concept, and on the side of the depth of 'thinking' and 'consciousness', '_aya-vij_na(阿賴耶識)' from Buddhism Medicine in the key point. 4. The Sim(心) in the Buddhism Medicine, Sasang Constitutional Medicine, has the positive and negative aspects, such as the 'Dukkha(煩惱)' and A merciful heart or Human Sim(心) and Taoism Sim(心).

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.68-84
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• 1992

The development of Buddhist architectures of the Unified Silla period have been generally understood to have paired pagoda instead of one which had been popular until before the unification. Besides the stylistic categorization of paired pagoda system, there had been no further investigation reported concerning whether there was any detailed process of change within the development of paired pagoda style. This paper aims to identify such change inside the development of paired pagoda style, which, externally, seems to be the same pattern of site design maintained throughout the period of Unified Silla that lasted for about three centuries. Since the temple sites of study are in the same pattern of layout, the method of investigation has to be such that can identify the subtle changes that, in external appearance, are not easily discernible. Hence, this research compared the dimensions of important measurement of five temple sites to be able to clarify the process of minor changes. Among many sites of Silla temples, only five were suitable for the research since detailed measurement were possible through field research or the report of excavation. They are the sites of Sachonwang-sa, Mangduk-sa, site of Kunsuri, and Bulguk-sa. Although the five sites have the same style of paired pagoda, it is clear that there were consistant flow of change. Even though the motivation of such change were not strong enough to change the site pattern itself, it resulted continuous minor changes such as the size and location of architectures. The size of image hall, for example, was growing larger and larger as time goes on, while, the size of Pagoda was getting smaller. In the same way, the size of middle gate became smaller while the size of lecture hall became larger, although the rate of change in these cases were not as severe as that of image hall and pagoda. At the same time, pagoda was coming closer to the middle gate leaving larger space in front of the image hall. Such aspect is even more meaningful considering the fact that the pagoda, from the 8th century in Japan and China, moved outside of the major precinct. The image hall, too, moved toward the middle gate slightly so that the space in front of the lecture hall became more spacious. Such changes, of course, were not accidental but they are the same continuous motivation of change that caused the changes before the period of unification. Enlargement of image hall and reduction of pagoda, for example, represent the changing relative importance of religious meaning. Hence, it is evident that one can not easily imterprete the development of one style only by categorizing it to be one same style. In the veiwpoint of the underlying motivation of change, the fact that one style persisted for a certain period of time, does not mean there had been no change, but means that it was the time of motivational accumulation, causing minor changes within the same style, to be able to create major change coming after.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.655-679
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• 2008

This study is to analyze the base of selection and feature of description on Korea-related content in Japanese curriculum(geography and history) and high-school geography textbooks. Japanese curriculum requires that there are two or three neighbor countries to be selected and their contents consist of life and culture and have to compare with those of japan in view of understanding and respect on similarity and difference. The content of physical environment is only dealt as factors influencing on life and culture because regional teaming of neighbor countries focus on it. Dok-do is described with conflict region in most of textbooks. But some textbooks describe Dok-do with territory of Shimane-Hyun in Japan or devide like japanese territory on the map. There are described han-gul(Korean language), confucianism, buddhism and christianity, han-bok(Korean clothes), rice and soup, bulgogi(Korean meat dishes) and scissors, spoon and chopsticks, ondol(Korean floor heater), etc. with the cases of specific Korean life and culture. And, exchange between Korea and Japan focuses on more cultural view increasing recently than political and economical view. Then Japanese high-school geography textbooks humanize geography because of they focus on life and culture and promote not only knowledge and understanding but also altruism and empathy because they focus on similarity and difference through comparison between neighbor country and Japan. This shows how to able to practice regional teaming in globalization and multicultural society.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.89-100
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• 1997

It is very improtant to evaluate the reliable nonlinear deformational characteristics of soils not only in the analysis of geotechnical structures under working stress conditions but also for the soil dynamic problems. Field testings such as crosshole and pressuremeter tests can be used to determine the modulus of soils under in-situ conditions, but it is not possible to determine the modulus over the entire strain amplitude range. Laboratory methods such as resonant column 1 torsional shear test can be used to determine the modulus over the whole strain amplitude range, but it is very difficult to obtain the representative undisturbed samples on the sixte. For the reliable evaluation of nonlinear deformation characteristics of soils on a typical site, small strain modulus obtained from field testy and nomalized modulus reduction curve determined by laboratory bests need to be combined. In this paper, laboratory and Held testy were performed at a sixte which consisted of granite wearthered residual boils to evaluate the nonlinear deformational characteristics of coils such as the effects of strain amplitude, loading frequency, confining pressure and sample disturbance. It has been shorn that when the effects of these factors are properly taken into account, the stiffness values evaluated by various field and labrotary tests are comparable to each other fairly well. Finally, the procedure to evaluate the nonlinear deformstional characteristics of the sixte was proposed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.534-546
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to prove the positive effect of mind and body healing through the modified meditation method of Southern Buddhism as a systematic practice to concentrate or empty consciousness of the Buddhist temple in Dhammakaya, Thailand. To investigate the effects of the program on the participants, the experimental measurement tools in this study include the Immeasurable scale, spirituality scale, simple mental test scale, and blood pressure scale, pulse meter, thermometer, and recorder. When the measured values were compared with the corresponding t-test, there were some differences before and after the measurements based on the significance probability p <0.05. As a result, there was a significant correlation between spiritual support scale and the Immeasurable scale. In addition, the results of analyzing the data through interviews showed that the body and physiologically effective concentration was well after the meditation experience, and the intention to actively utilize this meditation method was confirmed. In this study, it was confirmed that there was a positive effect of the Samata practice method of Concentration meditation(CM), and thus the theoretical and experimental effects of intensive meditation were presented. I hope that these studies will accumulate and follow-up studies will be conducted through intensive meditation as a healing effect.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

This paper proposes an automatic genre classification system for Korean traditional music. The Proposed system accepts and classifies queried input music as one of the six musical genres such as Royal Shrine Music, Classcal Chamber Music, Folk Song, Folk Music, Buddhist Music, Shamanist Music based on music contents. In general, content-based music genre classification consists of two stages - music feature vector extraction and Pattern classification. For feature extraction. the system extracts 58 dimensional feature vectors including spectral centroid, spectral rolloff and spectral flux based on STFT and also the coefficient domain features such as LPC, MFCC, and then these features are further optimized using SFS method. For Pattern or genre classification, k-NN, Gaussian, GMM and SVM algorithms are considered. In addition, the proposed system adopts MFC method to settle down the uncertainty problem of the system performance due to the different query Patterns (or portions). From the experimental results. we verify the successful genre classification performance over $97{\%}$ for both the k-NN and SVM classifier, however SVM classifier provides almost three times faster classification performance than the k-NN.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.482-492
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• 2019

This study began with the assumption that the phonetics-centered interpretation of 100 Chinese characters would enhance thinking ability and comprehension. For this purpose, two experimental groups and a comparative group were recruited from the graduate students from June 3, 2017 to February 22, 2018. The experimental group participated in the phonetics-centered Chinese character lecture for 4 hours per week for 6 weeks for a total of 24 hours. QEEG were measured before and after the phonetics-centered Chinese character lecture. A total of 18 subjects ( nine subjects in the experimental group and nine comparative subjects) were included in the study, and the difference between before and after the QEEG of the experimental and comparative groups was analyzed, respectively. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. First, the Chinese character lecture changed brain waves. Second, the LORETA analysis before and after the lecture in the experimental group significantly decreased the delta wave in the brain region (Broadmann 40) associated with the meaning of language and phonology. This study result is meaningful because it shows the significant changes of EEG via the lecture.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to make a plan for the development of new tour routes for '98 Kyongju World Culture Exposition. The result of this study is as follow: First, over 40% of tourists from Kyongsang-buk-do Province vote for Kyongju Area as the most favorite tourist-oriented city in this province. And they are visiting Kyongju mostly in April(22.6%) and in May(17.8%). Second, cultural assets in Kyongju area are located at Inkyo-dong(16.8%), at Bohwang-dong(9.4%), at Topjong-dong(8.1%). at Mt. Namsan area(11.8%, 6.9% for Naenammyon, and 4.9% for Dodong-dong), and at the vicinity of Kyongju City(53.9%). Third, tourism enterprises in Kyongju Area are located mostly at one place-Pomun Lake Resort area. This fact have had bad influence on the influx of tourists. Lastly, current tour routes are limited mostly to the heart of Kyongju City. So, other attractive tour routes must be developed also in other tourism circles such as the East Sea Tourism Circle and the Northern Province Tourism Circle, which belong to the 6 tourism circles designated by Kyongju City but are now excluded from the current tour routes. In conclusion, this study proposes "98 Kyongju World Culture Exposition with Themes" related to the 6 tourism circles. The themes proposed are as follows: (1) The exploration of the historical places of the Shill a Kingdom in the heart of Kyongju City including Mt. Seoak area and Pulkuksa Temple area. (2) Smile with a new millenium in Pomun Lake Resort area. (3) The exploration of the Buddhist culture in Mt. Namsan. (4) The harmony between nature and culture in the East Sea Tourism Circle and the Northern Culture Circle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2016

From having an experimental study of physical and consolidation characteristics of soft clay in Nakdong river lower basin, we come to the conclusion as follow. Clay minerals in Nakdong river lower basin are classified into Kaolinite and Illite. Water content($W_n$) is similarly distributed in a range of 50.4% to 92.8% in Noksan and 46.6% to 99.0% in Jangyu, and liquid limit(LL) of both areas appears lower than water content. In the case of compression index, the index of jangyu is a little higher than that of Noksan because Jangyu is in a range of 0.67 to 1.94 and Noksan in a range of 0.44 to 1.5. The second compression index of Jangyu in a range of 0.027 to 0.092 is also higher than Noksan in a range of 0.024 to 0.075. As a result of regression analysis, a relation between water content and compression index is linear, and between initial void ratio and compression index is shown to $C_c=0.80e_o-0.58$. The ratio of $C_{\alpha}/C_c$ in a range of 0.03 to 0.08 expresses a wide range.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2011

The consolidation behavior of soft clay is controlled mainly by its compressibility and deformation characteristics. Soil permeability depends on various soil characteristics, including the soil type and anisotropy. The coefficient of permeability of soft clay is determined by using a laboratory test (the Oedometer test) or a piezocone test. The latter test is useful for estimating the permeability characteristics from $c_h$ and $k_h$ by performing an excess pore-pressure dissipation test. This study seeks to validate an existing theoretical formula in applying it to marine clay, and to assess the relation between $k_h/k_c$ and the mechanical properties of soft clay. Piezocone tests and laboratory tests were performed using sediment from the Yellow Sea and from the South Sea near Korea. We compared $k_h/k_v$ values obtained using the piezocone test and using laboratory consolidation tests. The obtained values are similar to the values obtained by Jamiolkowski et al. (M application); therefore, the latter values are recommended to be used as $k_h/k_v$.