• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.527-536
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• 2017

Objectives : The present study, to confirm the osteoblast differentiation effects of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. (AT) extract. Methods : In this experiment, cell viability, Alizarin red S assay, and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with AT extract (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Also, we studied the expression of differentiation regulator with AT extract in primary calvarial osteoblasts cells (pOB). Results : As a result of AT treatment, we determined that AT extract stimulates ALP activity and alizarin red activities in the pOB cells for mineralization for 18 days. Moreover, these factors increasing osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor2 ($Run{\times}2$), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin, osterix, smad1, smad5, activating transcription factor4 (ATF4) and collagen type I alpha 1. Conclusions : These results indicate that AT extract have effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of bone diseases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigated the effect of purified Carthamus tinctorius (C. tinctorius) extracted with a hot water and ethanol method on adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (mBMSCs). Methods: The C. tinctorius was extracted using hot water and ethanol. The samples were concentrated by a rotary evaporator and were then dried using a freeze-dryer. The mBMSCs were cultured and maintained in a minimum essential medium eagle alpha (${\alpha}-MEM$) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic antimycotic solution. To induce adipogenic differentiation, the cells were treated with Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium-low glucose (DMEM-LG) containing 1 mg/mL insulin, 1 mM dexamethasone, and 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. To evaluate the adipogenic differentiation ability, oil-red O staining was performed after adipogenic differentiation for 21 days. The mRNA expression and protein level of adipogenic-related genes were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results: In the results of the MTT assay, no concentrations of C. tinctorius extracts showed toxicity on mBMSCs, so we fixed the treatment concentration of the extract at 100 ng/mL. In oil-red O staining, the water-C. tinctorius extract treatment significantly decreased adipogenic differentiation compared with the control and ethanol extract groups. The water-C. tinctorius extract group in particular showed reduced mRNA and protein expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($Ppar{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha ($C/ebp{\alpha}$), which are adipogenic-related transcription factors. Conclusion: These data suggest that extract of C. tinctorius decreased the adipogenic differentiation of mBMSCs, while only water-C. tinctorius extract had an effect on different adipogenesis in mBMSCs. The C. tinctorius will be a useful therapeutic reagent for the prevention of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and osteoporosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.616-620
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• 2006

Purpose: The isolated human chondrocytes for cartilage reconstruction and transplantation presents a major problem as these cells would change biologically in vitro. For more effective applications of these cells in the clinical field, it is necessary to get a large amount of cells in a short period without affecting their function and phenotype. Methods: This study reports the effects of placenta extract on chondrocytes in vitro. We initiated this study on the basis of the hypothesis that placenta extract can influence both the proliferation of chondrocytes and their biologic functions(for example, to express cell specific gene or to produce their own extracellular matrix). Chondrocytes in monolayer culture with or without placenta extract were collected and analyzed by MTT assay, ECM assay, and RT-PCR. Results: Placenta extract stimulated the proliferation of chondrocytes in monolayer culture. The phenotype of chondrocytes was well maintained during the expansion in monolayers. Chondrocytes expanded in the presence of placenta extract produced ECM, glycosaminoglycan, abundantly. Compared to chondrocyte expanded in culture medium only, chondrocytes expanded with placenta extract demonstrated higher COL2A1 expression that was biochemically comparable to primary chondrocytes. This study provides an evidence that placenta extract is helpful to expand chondrocytes during tissue cultivation, to maintain their differentiated phenotype and to promote their function. Conclusion: These results suggest that placenta extract during cultivation play an important role in controlling cell behaviors. Furthermore, these results provide a biologic basis for cartilage tissue engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.22 no.3 s.57
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• pp.37-53
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• 2005

The terminology management is absolutely necessary for maintaining the efficiency of thesaurus. This is because the creating, differentiating, disappearing, and other processes of the descriptor become accomplished dynamically, making effective management of thesaurus a very difficult task. Therefore, a device is required for accomplishing methods to construct and maintain the thesaurus. This study proposes the methods to construct the thesaurus management using the basic elements of a topic map which are topic, occurrence, and association. Second, the study proposes the methods to represent the basic and specific instances using the systematic mapping algorithm and merging algorithm. Also, using a hub document as a standard, this study gives the methods to expand and subsitute the descriptors using the topic type. The new method applying fixed concept for double layer management on terms is developed, too. The purpose of this method is to fix the conceptual term which represents independent concept of time and space, and to select the descriptor freely by external information circumstance.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objectives This study was to investigate the antioxidative capacity, antiobesity effect and anti-diabetes effects of Mori Fructus and dried Mori Fructus in Raw 264.7 cells and 3T3-L1 cells. Methods 3 different types of Mori Fructus extracts (water 100%, ethanol 30%, ethanol 100%) were used in this study. And 3 different types of dried Mori Fructus extracts (water 100%, ethanol 30%, ethanol 100%) were used in this study. Total polyphenol compund, total favonoid compound, DPPH radical scavenging, ROS activity, NO, cell proliferation were measured in the experiment. Expressions of adipogenic transcription factors including $C/EBP-{\alpha}$, $C/EBP-{\beta}$, $PPAR-{\alpha}$, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, $AMPK-{\alpha}$ were analyzed by Real time PCR. Results Mori Fructus extracts measurements are higher than dried Mori Fructus extracts measurements at Total flavonoid compound and total flavonoid compound. Mori Fructus extracts measurements are lower than dried Mori Fructus extracts measurements at DPPH radical scavenging, ROS activity, NO. In RT-PCR analysis, there is a tendency that dried Mori Fructus extracts inhibit the expression of $C/EBP-{\alpha}$, $C/EBP-{\beta}$ genes. In RT-PCR analysis, there is a tendency that dried Mori Fructus extracts promote the expression of $PPAR-{\alpha}$, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, $AMPK-{\alpha}$ genes. Conclusions Mori Fructus is effective on inhibiting the oxidation and dried Mori Fructus is effective on inhibiting the obesity and diabetes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.791-805
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DFPR on differentiation of mouse calvarial cell in vitro, to examine the possibility for periodontal regeneration. $10{\mu}g/ml$ of DFPR was used as experimental concentration. osteogenic medium only was assigned as control, Experimental 1 was supplemented with 10nM dexamethasone, Experimental 2 with $10{\mu}g/ml$ DFPR and Experimental 3 with l0nM dexamethasone + $10{\mu}g/ml$ DFPR. cellular activity was evaluated by MTT method at 8, 12, 16 days, expression of mRNA of ALP, osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen type-l was detected by RT-PCR method at 4, 8, 12, 16 days of culture. extent of mineralization was observed by Von Kossa staining at 16 day of culture. The results are as follows 1)Any acceleration of differentiation was not observed at expression of differentiation marker, 2) Decrease in expression of extracelluar matrix and in bone nodule formation was observed The results suggested that DFPR have negative effect on the rate of differentiation on rat calvarial cell, decrease extracelluar matrix formation ,decrease bone nodule formation. Ongoing studies are necessary in order to determine effect of DFPR on periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

It has been widely believed that the ethnic relations in Honolulu and Hawai'i in the early twentieth century were little associated with racist ideology because the white race was minority in terms of the racial composition. In reality, however, the racial and ethnic issues have played a major role in forming the past and present relations among ethnic groups. This study shows that the white-supremacy ideology exerted a strong influence on minority groups in Honolulu throughout the immigration and settling-down process, as much as in the mainland U.S. Clear occupational stratification and residential segregation among the ethnic groups in Honolulu represented almost the same situation as in mainland cities. The social segregation and spatial propinquity of their residential neighborhoods facilitated the construction of dichotomized identity: "Local" versus "Haole". Such transformed identities were a product of on-going inter-ethnic negotiation process embedded in the non-white multi-ethnic neighborhoods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2012

Obesity is associated with numerous diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Inhibition of adipogenesis is a effectite strategy to anti-obesity. In this study, Galla Chinenisis extract (GCE) inhibited adipocyte differentiation in OP9 cells. There was no cytotoxicity when cells were treated with GCE in designated time intervals, unaffected by concentration. In this cell model, increases in fat storage were inhibited by 2 days treatment with various concentration of GCE, visualized by Oil red-O, BODIPY and DAPI staining. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of GCE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis by real-time PCR. In the progress of adipocyte differentiation with GCE-treated, the mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), computer-assisted axial tomography/enhancer binding protein-alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) were decreased. Also, GCE treatment inhibited increase of mRNA expression, which is adipogenic factor such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitve lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipocyte-specific lipid binding protein (aP2). Therefore, the result of this study suggest that Galla Chinenisis extract can prevent adipocyte differentiation and GCE may have a great potential as a novel anti-adipogenic agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.447-451
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• 2016

In this study, Albizziae Cortex extracts (ACE) have potent effects on adipogenesis and on lipolysis in OP9 cells. There was no cytotoxicity while cells were treated with ACE in designated time intervals, unaffected by various concentrations. In the cells with ACE-treated, increases in fat storage were inhibited, and also confirmed by Oil red O. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of ACE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis by using real-time PCR. In this cell model, the mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CAAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) were decreased by ACE treatment, comparing with those of control group. Collectively, our data suggest that ACE may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.6 s.83
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• pp.739-745
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• 2000

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disease characterized by a congenital dysplasia of one or mote ectodermal structures. Characteristic manifestations Include scanty hair and eyebrows, pigmented and hyperkeratinized skin around the eyes and mouth, frontal bossing with prominent supraorbital ridges, nasal bridge depression and dental anomalies. Hyperthermia or unexplained high fever as a result of the deficiency of sweat glands is common medical history. Findings of intraoral structures are anodontia or oligodontia with conical crowns. Consequently, generalized spacing and loss of vertical dimension of occlusion. Interdisciplinary approach has been performed to treat a 10-year old boy with ectodermal dysplasia. Orthodontists and a prosthodontist worked together on this case, and the result was satisfactory.