• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

Many parts of problems in livestock industry today are associated with organic dust. Endotoxin and toxic gasses on the surface of dust and dust itself can cause aesthetic displeasure and respiratory disease. It also reduces livestock productivity by suppressing immunity of animals and carrying microbes causing animal disease. However, dust level of cattle farm was rarely reported in Korea, and regulation for cattle farm worker does not exist. In this paper, dust concentration and environmental condition were regularly monitored in a commercial Korean native cattle farm. The measurement was conducted according to location and working activities. From the measurement, distribution of dust concentration was affected by wind environment, as the result of natural ventilation. TMR mixer was a major source of dust in target cattle house. The maximum inhalable dust concentration was 637.8 times higher than exposure limit as feed dropped into the TMR mixer. It was expected that dust generation could be affected by particle size and drop height of feed. This study suggests potential risk of dust in cattle farm, and necessity for latter study. Effect of aerodynamic condition and TMR processing should be investigated for dust reduction study.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1988

Airborne dust and asbestos fiber concentrations were determined in subway stations located in Seoul area. Two stations, such as Eulchiro 4-Ka Station of Line #2, constructed during a period of 1980-1984 and Hyehwa Station of Line #4, opened in 1985, were selected. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Daily time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of airborne dusts from 07:00 to 20:00 hours in Line #2 and Line #4 were 0.43$\pm$0.08 mg/m$^3$ and 0.37$\pm$0.12 mg/m$^3$, respectively. Thus, the dust levels in Line #2 were significantly higher than the levels in Line #4 (p < 0.05). 2. Dust levels in the morning (07:00-11:00 hours), noon (11:00-16:00 hours) and in the evening (16:00-20:00 hours) in Line #2 were 0.47$\pm$0.17 mg/m$^3$, 0.37$\pm$0.08 mg/m$^3$, and 0.46$\pm$0.07 mg/m$^3$ respectively. Thus, dust levels in the morning and evening (i.e., during rush hours) were significantly higher than levels in the noon (p < 0.02). However, there was no such difference in dust levels by time in Line #4. 3. Airborne total dust concentrations were well below the occupational health standard of 10 mg/m$^3$, however, the levels were exceeding the ambient air standard recommended by the Korean Environment Administration. 4. All of airborne asbestos fiber concentrations were equal to or below 0.005 fibers/cc. The levels are within both occupational health standards and U.S. EPA criteria. 5. A consideration should be given to the improvements of cleaning methods (such as use of vacuum cleaning instead of brushing) and the existing ventilation (such as more air change and filtration of supply air) for a reduction of dust levels. 6. It is recommended that routine monitoring of airborne dusts and asbestos fibers be conducted because more dusts and asbestos fibers can be produced in the air due to the deterioration of facilities by age and water damage in future.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.158-166
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between airborne total dust and man-made mineral fibers (MMMF), and to estimate total dust concentration to maintain below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV$^{(R)}$) for the MMMF. The regression coefficients between airborne total dust concentrations and fiber concentrations determined in the industries producing glass fibers, rock wool. refractory ceramic and continuous filament glass fibers products were 0.41, 0.42, 0.20 and 0.19, respectively. The size characteristics of fibers as well as the amounts of contaminated non-fibrous dusts could affect the correlation intensities. When total dust and fiber exposure data were compared with the occupational exposure limits, there was a large gap between two evaluation results. The regression coefficient between total dust and fiber data was increased ($r^2=0.88$) in the process of insulation installation generating in the higher levels of glass or rock wool fibers. In this case, an estimated total dust concentration of glass wool or rock wool fibers complying with the ACGIH TLV (1 f/cc) was $1.7mg/m^3$. In conclusion, the total dust and fibers concentrations was highly correlated at the higher exposure levels so that total dust-monitoring data could be used to control simply and economically and to estimate worker's exposure to fibers.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

Wood dust is created when machines are used to cut or shape wood materials. Industries of high risk of wood dust exposure are sawmills, dimension mills, furniture industries, and carpenters, etc. Health effects associated with wood dust exposure includes dermatitis, allergic respiratory effects and cancer. Health effects of wood dus t are mainly depend on the concentration, dust size and exposure time. This study were carried out to evaluate the concentration and particle size distribution of wood dust during working processes. The subjects of this study were 53 workers exposed to wood dust in 7 furniture factories and 5 musical instruments, and 5 sawmill factories. The average total wood dust concentrations measured by personal cascade impactor were $1.82{\pm}2.31mg/m^3$ in primary manufacture, $3.59{\pm}1.72mg/m^3$ in s econdary manufacture, $5.09{\pm}1.46mg/m^3$ in sanding operation. Mass median diameters of hardwoods dust were $3.36{\mu}m$ in primary manufacture, $4.25{\mu}m$ in secondary manufacture, $4.21{\mu}m$ in sanding operation. softwoods dust were $3.39{\mu}m$ in primary manufacture, $4.34{\mu}m$ in secondary manufacture. Particle size distributions showed a nearly the same pattern in each working processes. The sample concentration of all hardwood dust exceeded the Threshold Limit Value(TLV) and 20.8% of the softwood dust exceeded the Threshold Limit Value. The range of size distribution were $0.5-10{\mu}m$ in the soft and hardwood dust. The respirable dust of soft and hardwood took up 59% and above. Therefore new threshold limit value for wood dust should be needed in Korea. Also, it should be done for various studies on health effects related to occupational exposure of wood dust.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 바이오매스의 에너지 활용성을 확인하기 위하여 실험실 연소로를 이용한 등온 및 비등온 연소특성 연구를 수행하였으며 바이오매스의 시료로는 목재펠렛, 볏짚 및 왕겨를 사용하였다. 바이오매스의 연소시 배출가스의 특성과 분진 및 잔류물을 분석하였으며 그 결과를 RDF의 연소실험 결과와 비교분석하였다. 등온 연소특성 실험으로부터 볏짚이 다른 시료에 비하여 연소속도가 빨라 급격히 산소량이 감소되어 불완전연소율이 증가함을 확인하였으며 목재펠렛의 경우 다른 시료에 비하여 가장 낮은 $NO_{X}$ 배출농도를 나타내었다. 또한 비등온 연소특성 실험으로부터 모든 시료가 $900^{\circ}C$의 연소온도에 도달하기 이전에 연소가 대부분 일어남을 확인할 수 있었으며 $NO_{X}$의 경우 CO가 배출되는 범위와 유사한 온도범위에서 배출되는 반면에 $SO_{2}$의 경우보다 고온에서 배출됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2017

Organic dust generated inside livestock facilities includes toxic organic matters such as bacteria and endotoxin. Dust can cause respiratory disease for worker and livestock, and consequently, degradation of welfare and productivity. Influence of dust on livestock workers has been studied since the 1970s. However, exposure limit for cattle farmer has not been established, unlike exposure limit for pig and poultry farmer. Furthermore, study on air quality inside livestock facility, especially inside dairy farm has been rarely conducted in Korea. In this study, dust concentration of TSP, PM10, inhalable and respirable dust has been monitored in the commercial dairy house according to location and working activities. Bedding material inside the stall was one of the major sources of dust. The amount of dust was related to water content level of the bedding material. Dust concentration was relatively high in leeward location, and the highest concentration was measured during TMR mixing process. The maximum value of inhalable dust concentration was 29.1 times higher than the reference value as fine particles drop to the TMR mixer. Dust generated by TMR mixing was presumed to decrease by adjusting moisture and drop height of feed.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 비성형 RDF의 에너지 활용성을 확인하기 위하여 실험실 연소로를 이용한 온도 변화에 의한 연소특성연구를 하였다. 비성형 RDF 연소시 배출가스의 특성과 분진 및 잔류물을 분석하였으며 또한 그 결과를 성형 RDF의 연소실험 결과와 비교분석하였다. 본 연구로부터 비성형 RDF가 성형 RDF에 비교하여 연소속도가 빨라져서 급격히 산소량이 감소되어 불완전연소율이 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한 연소온도가 높아질수록 연소속도가 향상되었으며 산소 소모량이 급격히 증가하였고, 이에 따른 불완전연소율이 증가하여 CO의 농도가 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 비성형 RDF의 완전연소를 위한 운전조건의 설정에 매우 신중을 기해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 1992

Airborne suspended particulates were collected at Shinchon by a high volume cascade impactor from Sep. 1990 to Aug. 1991. Organic matter was extracted from particulates and fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction and thin layer chromatography. Substances in the PAHs and nitroarenes'subfraction of neutral fraction were determined by capillary gas chromatography. Based on unit risk estimates by multi-stage model of benzo[a]pyrene and the results of exposure estimates, cancer risk was assessed. The annual average concentration of total suspended particulates was 201.77g/$m^3$. The percentage of fine particulates was 57.40. The concentration of total suspended particulates showed seasonal variations and was high in winter and spring. The average concentration of extractable organic matter was 8.12g/$m^3$. In all, 21 PAHs were identified and quantified. The annual concentration of fluoranthene was 2.38ng/$m^3$, and that was the highest value of all PAHs. A carcinogenic compound, benzo[a]pyrene, was at a concentration of 1.84ng/$m^3$. All the 10 nitroarenes were also identified and quantified. The major nitroarene in the Shinchon area was 2,7-dinitrofluorene. The annual concentration of 1-nitropyrene was 1.56ng/$m^3$. Concentrations of PAHs and nitroarenes were high in winter and low in summer. The life time excess risk estimates of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/a million population in this experiment. In the rank of relative potenties, carcinogenic effects of the other PAHs were calculated as 0.004-0.108 persons/a million population.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1992

This study was performed to determine the concentrations of airborne TSP, Pb and street dust Pb in Kuro, Chongro, Namsan Tollgate and kwachun from August 15 to September 15, 1990.The results of this study are as follows. 1. Average airborne TSP concentrations in chongro and Kuro were 460$\mu$g/m$^{3}$ and 440$\mu$g/m$^}3}$, respectively, and exceeded the Korean air quality standards of 300$\mu$g/m$^{3}$. Average airborne TSP concentrations in Namsan Tollgate and Kwachun were 270$\mu$g/m$^{3}$ and 80$\mu$g/m$^{3}$, respectively, and didn't exceeded the Korean air quality standards of 300$\mu$g/m$^{3}$. The airborne TSP concentrations between Seoul area(Kuro, Chongro and Namsan Tollgate) and Kwachun area were significantly different (p < 0.01). 2. Average airborne Pb concentrations in Chongro, Kuro, Namsan Tollgate and Kwachun were 1.07, 0.55, 0.84 and 0.16$\mu$g/m$^{3}$, respectively. All the airborne Pb concentration at four area were below the Korean air quality standards of 1.5$\mu$g/m$^{3}$. The airborne Pb concentrations between Seoul area (Kuro, Chongro and Narnsan Tollgate) and Kwachun area were significantly different (p < 0.01). 3. Pb contents in street dusts in Kuro, Chongro, Namsan Tollgate and Kwachun were 9.30, 15.25, 18.17 and 3.16$\mu$g/g, respectively. The Pb contents in street dusts between Seoul area(Kuro, Chongro and Namsan Tollgate) and Kwachun area were significantly different (p < 0.01). 4. The airborne TSP and Pb concentrations were highly correlated(r=0.68), but the Pb concentrations in street dusts and atmosphere were poorly correlated(r=0.22).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

본 연구는 교통량이 가로수 식재지 토양의 화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 실시되었다. 이를 위해 대전시에 위치한 은행나무와 양버즘나무 가로수 주변 토양의 화학적 특성을 조사 분석하였다. 교통량이 많은 지역의 토양 pH는 7.0 내외로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 제설용으로 살포되고 있는 염화칼슘이나 콘크리트로부터 용해되어 흘러나오는 알칼리성분 및 염기성 분진 때문으로 사료된다. 토양 중 Fe, Cd, Cu, Zn, 그리고 Pb 농도는 충남대학교 지역에서 보다 교통량이 많은 대전역전과 대화공단지역에서 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 자동차의 타이어 및 부품의 합금 등으로 이용된 물질들이 도로 주행 시 마찰 또는 마모되어 도로주변으로 배출되었기 때문으로 사료된다.