• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

The problem of social adaptation of North Korean defectors is becoming increasingly important, as its core significance shifted from welfare to the preparatory stage of United Korea. Hence, this research tries to comprehend the 'factors that enhance their social adaptation'. For this end, by theoretically considering, support resources centered around economic goals did indeed increase the employment rate, but the 'premature social adaptation' did not help them form their own social identity. This led the employment to become another form of social failure and difficulty in social adaptation. Furthermore, by going through interview, the importance of 'social dependence' is emphasized and it was shown that it was 'relationship' that affects both social adaptation and difficulty in social adaptation. Accordingly, this research suggests that it is vital to make a communicative environment in which South and North Korean citizens can freely communicate. This will not only lead to enhancement of social adaptation to South Korean society, unsolvable by economic independence, but it will also lead to more effective 'economic support' policies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.147-163
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• 2004

The present research investigated and compared stress coping strategies of North Korean refugees with those of South Koreans in the purpose to predict and prepare psychological conflicts expected to occur during the Korean reunification. Adapted from Han, Hur, Chae, and Kim(2001), North Korean refugees recorded their coping strategies that they would employ in stressful situations varying in term of three aspects of stress causes - 2(locus: internal/external) × 2(stability: temporal/enduring) × 2(context: individual/interpersonal) - and the responses were classified in terms of three dimensions(active/passive, approach/avoidance, cognitive/affective/behavioral). In the temporal stress situations, adaptive North Korean refugees preferred active over passive, approaching over avoiding, and behavioral over cognitive/affective stress coping strategies more than maladaptive North Korean refugees did. Also, in the stressful situations caused by external causes, they were more likely to take active rather than passive, approaching rather than avoiding copying. Although active copying strategies were preferred to passive ones by adaptive North Korean refugees in individual stressful situations, approaching copying strategies were preferred to avoiding ones by them in interpersonal stressful situations. These findings were found to be different from the pattern of South Korean's stress coping strategies in the same situations. In conclusion, the differences were discussed in the view of psychological integration during Korean reunification.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the North Korea cement industry and technology status by comparing and analyzing the cement standards and properties of South and North Korea. In the literature study, data on North Korea's cement industry and standards were collected and analyzed through the Ministry of Unification's North Korea Data Center and other agency. The facilities, classification, and quality standards of South and North Korea cements were compared. In an experimental study, a survey on the quality of cement in North Korea was carried out through physical and chemical analysis experiments by obtaining a small amount of cement from North Korea, and compared with domestic cement. As a result, North Korea cement was of lower quality than South Korean cements. North Korea cement had lower C₃S and higher C₂S than South Korea cement, especially the residue content was much higher. In addition, North Korea cement had about 50% of the compressive strength of cement in South Korea because the clinker was not fired at a sufficient temperature due to the poor performance of the cement facilities in North Korea.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2020

This study examines the North Korean defectors' economic and psychological adjustment status in South Korean society focusing on the specificity of North Korean defectors with the social integration perspective. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 225 North Korean defectors in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and conducted analysis using the SPSS 22.0 program. The results of the study are as follows. First, the economic adaptation of North Korean defectors was evaluated to be generally low. Second, North Korean refugees' psychological and social adjustment status is generally lower than average, especially cultural adaptation stress, friendship, and satisfaction with physical and mental health. Third, the psychological and cultural adaptation strategy and social support of defectors affected the life satisfaction positively and the adaptation stress had significant negative impact on life satisfaction. Therefore, strategies which reducing adaptive stress and enhancing psychological and cultural adaptation strategies are needed to be implemented in South Korean society. Based on results, policy alternatives were discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 북한 및 남한의 수도권 지역을 중신으로 한 부하집중지역들의 전력 부족을 해결하기 위한 대안으로서 신포에 세워질 2000MW의 원자력을 이용할 수 있는 방안을 검토하고자 한다. 특히 남한은 향후 계측적인 전력 수요의 증가로 인한 발전력의 부족을 해결할 마땅한 대책이 없으리라 여겨진다. 이러한 문제에 있어 해결책은 첫째로 북한의 2000MW KEDO 원전에서 북한의 일부 부하집중지역 (특히 평양주변)에 공급하면서 남한의 수도권지역에 전력을 공급하는 것이 가능한 대안 중의 하나로 여겨진다. 본 논문에서는 KEDO 원전의 전력을 흘려보내기 위한 시나리오 작성 및 진력 조류흐름을 파라하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 시뮬레이션은 미국 PTI사의 PSS/E 패키지를 사용하였으며, 조류 계산을 하여 그 결과를 전력흐름도로 작성하고 비교 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.385-388
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• 2018

군남댐의 운영은 북한지역에 위치한 저수지와 하천 상황, 특히 황강댐 방류에 절대적으로 의존하는 특성이 있음에도 불구하고, 수위 상황 등 자료수집의 한계로 군남댐 운영에 어려움이 많다. 이러한 상황에서 위성원격탐사 영상자료는 미계측 북한 접경지역의 수문상황을 판단하는 데 유용한 자료가 될 수 있다. 위성을 통한 수위 추정 방법은 위성영상에서 탐지된 수표면을 DEM과 중첩하여 판독하는 방법인 imaging 기법과 레이더고도계로 불리는 altimeter로 위성에서 수표면까지의 거리를 직접 측정하여 산출하는 profiling 기법 등 크게 두 가지 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상으로 산출된 DEM과 ESA의 Sentinel-1 C-밴드 SAR 영상을 중첩하여 황강댐 수위를 추정해 보았다. 정확도 문제가 있겠지만, 황강댐 수위 변화의 경향성은 확인할 수 있었으므로, 향후 개선을 통해 황강댐 수위변동 추세 분석과 상황별 적절한 사전 대응에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2019

북한은 과학기술중시정책을 추진하면서 과학기술 우대환경을 조성하고, 전민과학기술 인재화 및 과학교육 강조 그리고 새 세기 산업혁명을 내세우며 자력갱생과 경제 발전을 위한 과학기술의 도구적 입장을 가지고 있다. 특수부문에서 강점을 가지고 있고, 기초과학 부문 및 정보기술영역에서 성과를 보여주고 있고, 국제학술활동에도 참여하는 등 얼마간의 대외 개방성도 나타내고 있다. 핵문제 즉 비핵화의 과제가 남아 있으나 남북 정상회담과 북미정사회담을 통해 남북교류협력의 여건이 나아지고 있고, 과학기술계 정부출연연구기관 소속의 연구자들이 북한연구과 남북협력을 준비한다. 대북 재제의 여건하에서 활성화될 수는 없으나 남북 과학자간 학술대회를 개최하고, 백두산연구기지 설립으로 백두산 지진 뿐만 아니라 천문 연구와 천연물, 광물 개발 등을 제안하였다. 앞으로는 남북과학기술협력센터 설립을 검토하고 보다 다양한 남북 과학기술 협력을 위한 기반 조성을 위한 향후 계획을 논한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.494-501
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• 1996

북핵문제 해결의 대안으로 제기된 대북경수로제공 논의에서 우여곡절 끝에 '한국형경수로 제공'과 '한국의 중심적 역할'이 결정되고 이를 주관할 국제 컨소시엄인 한반도에너지개발기구(KEDO)가 구성되어 북한과는 공급협정을, 한국전력공사와는 주계약자지정합의서를 체결함으로써 상업계약 체결에 관계없이 일단 사업 착수를 위한 큰 틀이 갖추어지게 되었다. 이에 따라 울진 3, 4호기를 참조발전소로 한 경수로 2기가 우리의 주도로 2003년을 목표 시한으로 함남 신포 인근에 건설되게 되었다. 부지조사도 대체로 마무리되어, 곧 환경영향평가 작업이 있을 예정이다. 약 45억 달러가 소요될 건설 비용은 한국이 대부분을, 일본이 상당부분을, 미국이 일부를 맡기로 대체로 합의되어 있으나, 최종 확정에 앞서 논란의 소지가 남아 있으며, 사업 참여 지분을 두고도 KEDO 참여국 간에 갈등이 예상된다. 이 사업의 의의는 크게는 어려움을 겪고 있는 북한의 에너지난 타개를 지원함으로써 그들을 개방으로 이끌어 남북간 화해와 세계평화를 조장하며, 작게는 우리의 원자력산업이 세계시장으로 뻗어 나가기 위한 계기를 마련하는데 있다. 이를 통해 포지티브 섬으로서의 통일의 초석을 마련한다는 민족적 대의에 충실하고 국가이익에 좌우되는 신국제질서의 생리를 직시함으로써 남북문제에 있어서는 대승적 자세로, 국가간 경비분담과 지분배분 협상에는 자주적 자세로 임함으로써 모처럼 원자력계에 주어진 막중한 소임을 차질없이 완수할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-160
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• 2018

This study aims to predict the likely effect of economic sanctions on North Korea by examining case studies of Iran and Iraq. While UN sanctions against Iraq had immediate negative consequences for society, such as causing famine and reinforcing the authoritarian regime, sanctions against Iran had some productive consequences after they were reinforced by the U.S. and EU in significantly reduced oil exports and government expenditure, which in turn led to regime change and willingness to negotiate nuclear programs for economic recovery. Apart from these distinct differences, sanctions in both countries caused high inflation, shortage of necessary supplies, and increased unemployment. Case studies of Iran and Iraq also reveal that the sanctions disproportionately affected women and children, which implies that the recently reinforced economic sanctions of the U.S. and China against North Korea will cause more suffering of similarly socially marginalized groups in North Korea.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2023

South Korea and Japanese governments have never responded cooperatively to North Korea cyber threats in the past 10 years or even before that. There are two reasons: First, The historical and political conflicts between the two countries were so deep that they did not discuss their mutual needs. Second, officially, Japan had not been subjected to a North Korean cyberattack until 2022 . In particular, the issues of comfort women and forced labor during World War II were holding back the reconciliation between the two countries. With the inauguration of the Yoon Seok-yeol administration, Korea-US relati ons improved dramatically. Tensions in Northeast Asia reached their peak due to the conflict between the US and China. It has become a situation where peace cannot be garaunteed without close cooperation between Korea and Japan led by the United States.