• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.289-314
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• 2013

This study analyzed differences in the effects of communication with salesperson's on customer's emotional responses and store loyalty at customer contact focusing on the moderating effects of salesperson's attribute. This study recognized the need for expanding the results of the prior researches to widen the understanding of communication, emotional responses, and store loyalty. This study tried to, first, examine the effects of communication between customers and salespersons on emotional responses and store loyalty at customer contact; second, determine the effects of reliability and attractiveness, which are attributes of salespersons, as moderating variables; third, examine relative influences of verbal and nonverbal communication on emotional responses and store loyalty. The results mainly showed, first, that communication significantly affected emotional responses and also had significant effects on arousal as well as positive and negative emotion, contrary to prior researches; second, that emotional responses significantly affected store loyalty; third, there was no difference in influences on emotional responses between verbal and nonverbal communication; fourth, the effects of communication on emotional responses depended on attributes of salespersons, demonstrating interactive effects between communication and attributes of salespersons. This study intended to provide theoretical expansion over relations between variables including the dimension of communication beyond empirical reconfirmation of prior researches. In addition, a strategic scheme was presented to manage positive relations with customers at customer contact.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-132
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between music listening and mood regulation. The effects of personality traits, music education, and sex on music use for mood regulation were also examined. Participants were 529 undergraduate students who completed the Korean Music in Mood Regulation Scale, Interpersonal Personality Item Pool (IPIP), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, and a questionnaire on their music education. Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and t tests were conducted to explore the relationship among the measured variables. The results showed that music listening was related to enhancement of positive mood but not improvement of negative mood. Participants who had received extracurricular music education were more likely to use music listening as a strategy to regulate their mood than were participants without music education. Women were more likely to use music for mood regulation than were men. The multiple regression results indicate that individuals who rated themselves highly on Agreeableness and Openness to Experience on the IPIP were more likely to listen to music for mood regulation. These findings stress that music listening can be an effective strategy for mood regulation, which is critical for one's emotional well-being. It also indicates that effective music use as a mood regulation strategy varies depending on one's personal characteristics and history of music education.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 2002

Counterfactual thinking refers to a mental simulation of "What might have been," a cognitive process of once-possible-but-unrealized alternatives to facts, Counterfactuals have been reported to produce intensive emotional experiences, specifically regret. The present research reviewed and tried to integrate the previous inconsistent findings in the view of functional value of counterfactuals. Social psychologists proposed that counterfactuals could be categorized into upward(thoughts of better alternatives) versus downward(thoughts of worse alternatives) and additive versus subtractive. Counterfactual processes are more likely to occur following negative or unexpected rather than positive expected outcome, consistent with the minimization-mobilization hypothesis. Downward counterfactuals serve affective functions(to make one feel better) through contrast effects. Upward counterfactuals serve preparative functions(to prepare and improve performance in the future similar tasks) through causal inferences. Also, upward counterfactuals have been demonstrated in several studies to be followed by success-related attitudes and intentions and actual performance improvement. Furthermore, in terms of regulatory focus, downward counterfactuals were related with the prevention focus(to maintain the current status and upward counterfactuals were related with the promotion focus(to improve the current status). Those findings from numerous studies support that counterfactuals are functional to serve human ongoing motives. In conclusion, applicability and limitation of functional value of counterfactual thinking were discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.190-205
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of physical environment of family restaurant upon customers' emotions, satisfaction and revisit intent. Based on total 438 samples obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model using Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structural equation model (SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data, $x^2$ 592.898(p<0.001), df=239, CMIN/DF 2.481, RMR 0.103, GFI 0.900, NFI 0.952, CFI 0.970, RMSEA 0.058. SEM resulted that the physical environment showed a significant effect on customers' positive emotions($\beta$=0.388, p<0.001) and negative emotions($\beta$=-0.148, p<0.001). Also, customers' positive emotion($\beta$=0.828, p<0.001) bad a positive significant effect on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction($\beta$=0.771, p<0.001) bad a positive significant effect on revisit intent. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.109-123
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• 2018

Emotional labor is now emphasized as a very important concept not only for private companies but also for public servants who perform public affairs in public institutions, but relatively theoretical research is lacking. The purpose of this study is to examine the negative effects of the surface acting on emotional labor and to examine the moderating effect of social support to reduce it. As for the social support, we distinguished between POS support and supervisor support. Furthermore, we found that any support among POS and supervisor support has a large effect on the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion. In order to verify this research model and hypothesis, we conducted 250 employees who perform civil affairs in public institutions. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it was found that surface acting had a very significant effect on emotional exhaustion. The increase in emotional exhaustion due to the incongruity between inner emotions and display emotions appeared to be the same as the results of research on existing private companies. Second, both POS and supervisor support significantly reduce the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion. Third, the moderating effect of POS and supervisor support showed that the control effect of superiors' support was stronger, so that the surface act reduced the influence of emotional exhaustion more strongly. The results of this study refer to the importance of emotional labor education for civil servants performing civil affairs. In addition, it suggests that various programs should be provided to relieve emotional exhaustion and stress of civil service officials. In addition, it suggests a more aggressive organizational support design for high-level POS.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-102
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to investigate how emotional labor strategies (i.e. surface acting and deep acting) affect job performance and turnover intention thorough emotional exhaustion. Another important objective of this study was to see whether perceived organizational support (POS) moderates the relationship between emotional labor strategies and emotional exhaustion. Structural equation modeling analysis provided support for the hypotheses from a sample of 225 China department store sales employees. The results revealed that surface acting has a positive influence on emotional exhaustion, whereas deep acting has not significant influence on emotional exhaustion. Second, emotional exhaustion has a negative influence on job performance, whereas it has a positive influence on turnover intention. In addition, the relationship between surface acting and job performance/turnover intention was significantly mediated by emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, perceived organizational supporting mitigated the negative relationship between deep acting and emotional exhaustion. The findings of this study contributed to the literature by identifying the relationship between surface and deep acting on employee outcomes (i.e. emotional exhaustion, job performance, turnover intention), especially in China. In addition, this study also confirmed the important buffering role of POS based on the norm of reciprocity between an organization and its members.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.173-181
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of self concept on impulsive purchase and after-buying emotional response. For these purposes, researcher compared the impulsive purchasing and after-buying emotional response by socially independent-dependent groups in self concept. The results of present research were as follow: First, impulsive purchase led to high after-buying emotional response such as guilt, regret, happiness, but it did not in pride. non-impulsive purchase led to high pride. Second, socially independent self concept led high impulsive purchase. Third, socially independent self concept moderated the effect of impulsive buying on guilt, regret, happiness, but it did not in pride also. These results show that socially independent consumers in self concept purchase cell-phone impulsively and have high guilt, regret, happiness in after-buying emotion. But the low pride would be interpreted that they don't think their impulsive purchases desirable.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.87-97
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to examine empirically the causal relationship between significant adverse outcomes of elderly frailty. The 2017 National Survey on Old Adults was used to test this, but only nine variables necessary for the hypothesis test were abstracted from it. The results of the hypothesis test are summarized as follows. The sub-variables of adverse outcomes, such as disabilities in daily living activities, disabilities in instrumental daily living activities, and health care utilization, were analyzed empirically by inputting sub-variables of six frailty factors into hierarchical regression analysis. In the final model, the physical activities, emotional control, and social support were verified as significant variables influencing the disabilities in daily living activities. These included the following: physical activities, sensory functions, cognition, emotional control and social support as those influencing disabilities in the instrumental daily living activities; and nutrition, physical activities, sensory functions, emotional control, and social support as those influencing the health care utilization. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it is necessary to develop and implement personalized health management programs that specifically identify elderly weakness factors that affect adverse outcomes, such as disabilities or health care utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2016

The everyday life of police officers requires them to face a number of criminal acts and enter compromising crime scenes. In this case, officers may be compelled to make a personal expression of negative emotions. Negative emotions of members confidence for effective job processing and contributions duties and achievement of the job within the marine police force. Therefore, to control the emotive dissonance of organization members is a great help to the development of the organization. This study focuses on emotional dissonance among marine police officers to verify the impact of this dissonance on job burnout and consider the mediating effect of emotional intelligence. Research results are as follows: First, the relationship between emotional dissonance sub-factors and job burnout among marine police officers was studied. It was found that marine police did not feel emotionally jarred because they consciously tried to abstain from emotional engagement, but this was found to reduce emotional intelligence as related to desired emotions as well. Second, Emotional intelligence of the Marine Police was found on a significant impact on job burnout. Third, the impact of emotions in relation to emotional dissonance that job burnout of marine police intelligence officials confirmed that there is a statistically significant mediating effect. Finally, in a comparison of direct effects versus mediated effects, marine police were seen to be prone to emotional dissonance and experienced job burnout as a direct result of applying greater emotional intelligence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2016.01a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2016

우울증은 감정을 조절하는 뇌의 기능의 변화가 생겨 부정적인 감정이 나타나는 병이다. 불안장애와 우울증은일반인구중 15%가 평생 동안 한번 이상 앓는 질환이다. 우울증환자는 일반인보다 불안한감정의 원인인 델타파가 많거나 좌측 전두엽의 알파파가 증가하고, 우측 전두엽은 베타파가 증가하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 선행연구에서는 백색잡음을 우울증환자의 증상완화에 사용하였다. 우울증 환자에게는 백색잡음보다는 유색(갈색)잡음이 치료에 더 효과적인 연구를 기반으로 하여 무음 상태, 갈색잡음, 고주파 가중치를 적용한 갈색잡음, 청감특성을 고려한 가중치를 적용한 갈색잡음을 들었을 때 의 뇌파에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그 중 갈색잡음과 청감특성을 고려한 가중치를 적용한 갈색잡음의 경우가 가장효과가 좋았다.