• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

Objects：This study investigated whether depression, anxiety and perceived parental rearing patterns of the conduct disorder patients are different from those of the normal control group. The correlations were also assessed between perceived parenting style and depression, anxiety, severity of conduct problems and age at onset of conduct disorder in adolescents with conduct disorder. Methods：Thirty hospitalzed patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ criteria of conduct disorder, and 30 normal control subjects completed self-report questionnaires containing the Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAIC) and the Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI). Results：In the conduct disorder group, the results were as follows：1) The mean scores of CDI and STAIC-T(Trait) were not significantly different from those of the control group, but STAIC-S (State) showed significantly higher scores. 2) Parenting style was perceved to be less caring and more overprotective than in the control subjects. 3) There were negative correlations between maternal care and CDI and between maternal care and severity of conduct problems. 4) There were positive correlations between maternal overprotection and STAIC-T(Trait). 5) There were no correlations between paternal rearing patterns and depression, anxiety, severity of conduct problems, or age at onset of conduct disorder. Conclusion：We failed to identify depression and anxiety as common comorbid disorders in conduct disorder. Parental rearing patterns are thought to be significantly negativistic in conduct disorder group. It is guessed that less caring and more overprotective rearing style of parents, especially of mothers, could have much influence on depression and anxiety, more severe conduct problems and earlier age at onset of conduct disorder in the adolescents with conduct disorder.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of family-of-origin experiences(family-of-origin health, parents' marital satisfaction, parents' care, and parents' overprotection) on marital intimacy. Data were collected using the self-administered questionnaire method by Internet Survey of 480 married men and women. The results showed that first, there were significant differences between family-of-origin experiences (family-of-origin health, parents' marital satisfaction, parents' care, and parents' overprotection) and marital intimacy according to sex, educational level, income, and the first-rum child's school level. Second, marital intimacy was positively correlated with family-of-origin health, parents' marital satisfaction, and parents' care, but was negatively correlated with parents' overprotection. Third, the results of multiple regression analyses showed that indicated that the marital intimacy of married men and women were influenced by education level, income, the first-born child's school level, and family-of-origin health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.550-563
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• 2021

This study recognizes that the externalizing problem behaviors of child with disabilities are the result of the social interaction between mother and child, and empirically verifies its systematic causal structure and multidimensional influence relationship. It was attempted to derive practical implications that can help the smooth normalization process of children's families. Therefore, 135 children with disabilities and their mothers selected by convenience sampling were targeted, and in the relationship between maternal overprotective parenting and externalizing behaviors of child, effortful control was used as a mediating variable, and defense style of mothers and children was used as a moderating variable. A Conditional Process Analysis(CPA) that can verify the moderated mediation Effect was performed by establishing a research model. As a result of the analysis, first, the overprotective parenting behavior of mother was statistically significant in both direct and indirect effects in increasing externalizing behaviors of child, and the mediation effect by effortful control was also statistically significant. Second, it was confirmed that the moderated mediation effect of effortful control by the mother's defense style was statistically significant, and the moderated mediation effect of effortful control by the child's defense style was not statistically significant. Based on the above results, assuming the importance of the influence of maternal parenting, a direct strategy for change in maternal overprotective parenting, child's Practical implications of parallel strategies with the tendency toward effective control and suboptimal strategies through the application of mothers' coping strategies were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.433-445
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and parental insights by examining the effects of parental insights in addition to the main variables found to explain parenting behaviors through previous studies. In addition to the parental insight, this study examined the influence of past childhood experiences(perceived parenting behavior, family of origin' health) and parenting experience (marital satisfaction, parental role satisfaction) in current life. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis of 202 mothers of middle school students, all of the input variables were found to explain the parenting behavior significantly. In particular, parental insight was proved to have significant explanatory power on affection, rejection, regulation, and independence-oriented behavior among the sub-factors of parenting behavior except overprotective. Finally, the implications of this study and future research directions were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.204-215
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of social support and hardiness on the relationship between parenting attitudes and subjective well-being. The participants of this study were 318 university students and analyses for this study was conducted by using SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0. The major results were as follows; Social support confirmed mediating variable between parenting attitudes and hardiness, and hardiness confirmed mediating variable between social support and subjective well-being. That is, parenting attitudes had some effect on subjective well-being through hardiness based on social support. Finally, the needs of development about the counseling and the education contents as a special intervention was discussed, and that contents were reflected social support and hardiness to be improved. Also, limitations and implications of subsequent further study were suggested in this research.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.172-183
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• 1994

The present study investigated the relationship between parental problem drinking and risk for malajustment in adolescents. A group of adolescent children of problem drinkers(126 boys, 210 girls) and a group of children of non-problem drinkers(190 boys, 222 girls) were compared on demographic variables, perceived relationships with parents(parental care and parental over-protection), depression, anxiety, alcohol expectancies, alcohol involvement and self-reported delinquency. Adolescent children of problem drinkers reported lower level of perceived parental care and higher level of perceived parental overprotection compared to the children of nonproblem drinkers. They also reported higher depression, anxiety and alcohol expectancies, as well as more alcohol involvement and delinquent behaviors. Multiple regression analyses were performed seperately for male and female adolescents with depression, anxiety, alcohol expectancies, alcohol involvement and self-reported delinquency as outcome variables. Adolescents' emotional distress(depression and anxiety) was associated with perceived relationships with parents rather than parental problem drinking, but adolescents' alcohol problems and delinquency were associated with parental problem drinking and adolescents' emotional distress rather than their perceived relationships with parents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

Objectives：This study was conducted to investigate the degree of psychopathologies of the family members of children with chronic convulsive disorder and evaluate the structures and dynamics of those families. Methods：The participant patients and family members were recruited from the population attending the outpatient clinic of department of pediatric neurology in Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. All the patients had idiopathic chronic convulsive disorder. Any patient with mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder and gross brain pathology was excluded. As controls, normal students were chosen and their sex, age, achievement, socioeconomic status were matched to patients. The author interviewed the children and their family members twice and obtained informations about patient-parent relationship, patient-sibling relationship and others. For in-depth evaluation, we used family environment scales(FES), symptom Checklist-90-revised(SCL-90-R), self administered dependency questionnaire for mother(SADQ). Results：After interviewing with the parents of epileptic children, overprotection of parents, hostile feeling of siblings toward index children were higher than controls. The parental conflict was also more expressed than control families. According to results from FES, the scores of the subscales of expression, achievement-orientation, intelligence-orientation and active recreation were significantly lower than control group. The epileptic children showed higher dependency to parents especially in affection, communication and traveling areas of SADQ than control group. Maternal psychopathologies evaluated by SCL-90-R were much higher than the mothers of controls. According to T scores of SCL-90-R, about 40% of mothers with epileptic children had the risk of clinically significant depressive or anxiety disorders. Conclusion：These results suggested that the family members of epileptic children had more relationship problems and psychopathologies than control group and some mothers might have clinically significant depressive or anxiety disorders. so, effective psychiatric family interventions are needed for resolution of conflict and psychopathologies of family members.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.398-409
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the mother's parenting style and parenting stress on infant's basic living habits. The subjects for the study were 155 infants and their mothers. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a multiple regression model technique. The results of the of the correlation analysis showed some significant positive correlations between the mother's parenting style and the infant's basic living habits. In addition, the mother's parenting stress showed the effects of a significant negative correlation with the infant's sleeping habit and eating habit, a sub-factor of the basic living habits. The importance of the mother's parenting style and parenting stress are discussed in terms of the relation to the developing infant's basic living habits.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.191-213
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship pattern among paternal parenting behaviors, father involvement, parenting stress, and parenting self- efficacy. The subjects were 299 fathers of 3 to 4 year-old children at 2 child care centers and 11 kindergartens in Seoul and the Gyunggi-do area. Fathers responded to a modified version of Parenting Daily Hassles(Crinc & Greeberg, 1990), a re vised version of Parenting Sense of Competence(Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), and questionnaires including questions about parenting behaviors(Park, 2000) and father involvement developed by authors. Stepwise regression analyses showed that fathers' cognitive efficacy of parenting and the frequency of play involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'warmth encouragement'. Also, cognitive efficacy and the frequency and time amount of play involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'setting up the limitations'. Meanwhile, fathers' emotional efficacy and the amount of play time involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'over-protection permission'. Finally, the cognitive and emotional efficacy of rearing and parenting stress significantly explained paternal 'rejection non-intervention'.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2000

Objects：This study was designed for studying of current Korean adolescents computer game playing habits and exploring associations with parental rearing patterns and individual psychopathology. Methods：One hundred twenty four adolescents(age 13-15) who reside in urban area completed self-report questionnaires containing Questionnaires designed by authors, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision of Korean Version(SCL-90-R) and Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI). Results：1) Computer game playing appears to be one of the social and leisure phenomena in these days. Although Adolescents spend a lot of times on computer game, Many of them perceive not problematic. 2) Compared with females, Male play computer games more regularly, more longer, spent more times in gamebang. 3) There was positive relationship between anxiety subscale in SCL-90-R and detrimental effects of computer game. 4) There was positive relationship between game frequency and maternal overprotection. 5) The main reasons for playing are 'for an avoidance of stressful life events', academic burden was the most troublesome issues in korean adolescents. 6) Many adolescents use gamebang as a social place, but they thought that gamebang is not good places to have a good time. Conclusion：This papers shows that computer game playing is a popular social leisure activity in Korean adolescents. And, Most of korean adolescents reported that they are suffered from pressure of academic achievements. They use computer game mainly by means of relieving academic pressures. In a heavy game users who have many conflicts with parents, teacher and who has frequent truancy and social withdrawal show significant anxiety. Maternal overprotection was observed in heavy game users. Authors recommended that clinicians should be careful in examining heavy computer game behaviors. Both underlying affective states and environmental influences, including family situations should be vicariously examined.