• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.486-491
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• 1999

Hypoparathyroidism has abnormally decreased secretion of parathyroid hormon which responds to the blood calcium level. Wherease, Pseudohypoparathyroidism has normal activity of thyroid hormon, but end-organs, such as urinary tract and osteoclast, do not respond to parathyroid hormon. The cause of this disease is due to the mutation of Guanine stimulating(Gs) protein regulating Gs gene, which is the receptor to this hormon. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is usually noted before 20 years old on average of 8-9 years old. The clinical features of this disease includes delayed growth and development, round face, obesity, soft tissue calcification, ectopic ossification, shortening of metacarpals and metatarsals by epiphyseal closure in advance of age. The mutation of Gs gene which are found in brain, endocrine organs, and chondrocytes is the cause of those features. Reaction to Glucagon, gonadal hormon, and thyroid stimulating hormon is not expected in both cases. The common dental manifestations include enamel hypoplasia, delayed eruption, agenesis of tooth, hypodontia, dysplastic short roots, widened pulpal space, microdontia, intrapulpal calcification, and malocclusion are also often reported. This case which is diagnosed to Pseudohypoparathyroidism showed short and under-developed root of permanent troth, delayed eruption, and non-eruption of premolars and molars. And morphogenesis imperfecta of first and second premolars were also found.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1999

The parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) is the most common causative peptide of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. In contrast, the serum level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is low to undetectable in the majority of patients with malignancy associated hypercalcemia. Few cases exist in which the production and secretion of PTH by malignant nonparathyroid tumors have been authenticated. To our knowledge, there is very rare case in which a nonparathyroid tumor expressed simultaneously both the PTH and PTHrP. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with hypercalcemia which presented with simultaneous elevation of serum PTH and PTHrP. Severe hypercalcemia (serum calcium, 7.5 mEq/L) was found in a 65-year-old man who had a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung without any bony metastasis and detectable parathyroid abnormalities on isotope scintigraphy. The serum level of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) con centration was markedly elevated as measured in two site radioimmunoreactive PTH assays (intact PTH 150 pg/mL ; normal 9~55). The serum level of a PTHrP was also increased as measured in C-terminal region specific radioimmunoassay (PTHrP 99.1 pmol/L; normal 13.8~55.3). There are no evidences of coincidental primary hyperparathyroidism in parathyroid MIBI scan and other imaging studies including neck ultrasonography and computed tomography. These results suggest that simultaneous elevation of serum PTH and PTHrP in this patient can be caused by production of both PTHrP and PTH in other nonparathyroid lesions such as squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.262-266
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• 2004

The parathyroid hormone plays a major role in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. In hypoparathyroidism the parathyroid glands are atrophied or absent associated with autoantibodies against parathyroid tissue. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a metabolic disease caused by the disturbance in peripheral action of parathormone, but parathormone level is normal. In general, patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism have short stature, round face, brachydactylia, obesity, mental retardation, cataracts & ectopic calcifications on soft tissues. Dental manifestations are enamel hypoplasia, delayed eruption, blunting of root apex, hypodontia, pulp calcification, thickened lamina dura, excessive caries & malocclusion. In this case, intraoral examination showed enamel hypoplasia on the erupted permanent teeth & hypermobility on the remaining deciduous teeth. From the radiographic view severe dental anomalies were observed on canines and shortening and blunting of root apex was observed on mandibular incisors. Pathologic root resorption was also observed on deciduous teeth.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.7 s.218
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• pp.633-636
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• 1987

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy accounting for 0.5% to 4.0% of all cases of hyperparathyroidism and commonly present as hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevation. Nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma does not show symptoms of hyperparathyroidism and only showed a vague indication of being pathologic, even when detected late. The optimal treatment is en bloc resection of the cancer, but frequent local recurrence after surgery has been reported. Adjuvant local treatment such as radiotherapy may improve the likelihood local control in cases with incompletely resected or microscopic residual tumor. The results of this study point to a case of nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma treated by external beam radiotherapy after en-bloc resection of cancer.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 1984

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic sensitivity of nuclear imaging in the detection of residual thyroid tissue and metastatic lesion, we have compared neck scintigrams with Tc-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m scan) and high dose I-131 iodide (I-131 scan) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Subjects and Methods: One hundred thirty-five thyroidectomized patients for differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three had a previous history of radioiodine therapy. Planar and pin-hole images of anterior neck with Tc-99m were acquired at 20 minutes after injection, followed by I-131 scan three days after high-dose radioiodine therapy within 7 days interval. Patients were asked to discontinue thyroid hormone replacement more than 4 weeks. Results: All subjects were in hypothyroid state. Seventy out of 135 patients (51.9%) showed concordant findings between Tc-99m and I-131 scans. I-131 scan showed higher number of uptake foci in all of 65 patients showing discordant finding. Tc-99m scan showed no thyroid bed uptake in 34 patients, whereas 23 of them (67.6%) showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Tc-99m scan did not show any uptake in thyroid bed in 11 of 112 patients without previous history of radioiodine therapy, but 9 of them showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Tc-99m scan showed no bed uptake in all of the 23 patients with previous history of radioiodine therapy, in contrast 14 of them (60.9%) showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Conclusion: These results suggest that Tc-99m scan has poor detectability for residual thyroid tissue or metastatic lesion in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients, compared to high dose I-131 therapy scan. Tc-99m scan could not detect any remnant tissue or metastatic lesion in patients with previous history of radioiodine treatment, especially.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1993

Abnomalities in the embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland can result in ectopic thyroid tissue, which may occur on the midline in any position from the base of the tongue to the mediastinum. Although ectopic thyroid may be asymptomatic, local obstructive, hemorrhagic or other complication may occur. Radinuclide thyroid scan is confirmatory when the diagnosis is suspected. Hypothyroidism is common in lingual thyroid, and thyroid supplementation is generally required. In order to evaluate the features of ectopic thyroid, we investigated the scintigraphic findings, thyroid function test and clinical symptoms of 19 patients with ectopic thyroid. 1) Th frequency of ectopic thyroid was about 5.3 times more common in female than in male. Then patients were mostly below 30 years old (79%). 2) The frequency of location of ectopic thyroid were as follows: 10 cases in the tongue base, 1 case in suprahyoid, 5 cases in infrahyoid and 3 cases over 2 areas. 3) The thyroid function test was done in 16 cases of the ectopic thyroid patients. The hypothyroidism was detected in 7 cases, subclinical hypothyroidism in 4 cases and normal thyroid function in 5 cases. 4) The rate of hypothyroidism is 90% in the lingual thyroid and 33% in the others. The thyroid dysfunction was related with the location of the ectopic thyroid (p < 0.05). 5) The clinical manifestations include a mass in the tongue base, the foreignbody sensation of a throat and a swallowing difficulty in lingual thyroid. The palpable mass was the chief complaint in the others. 6) We prescribed the thyroid hormone to 10 cases with hypothyroidism. The ectopic thyroid was removed in 2 cases with normal thyroid function. The rest is following up through OPD. We must consider the possibility of the ectopic thyroid and take the thyroid scan when the patient has a mass in the tongue base, the sublingual and the prelaryngeal area. Then we have to check the thyroid function and follow up when the ectopic thyroid is diagnosed, because the patient with normal thyroid function can result in the hypothyroidism. Except these, we must mind of the possibility of occurence of the cancer in the ectopic thyroid tissue.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.603-605
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• 2009

A 7-year-old intact female, Miniature Schnauzer dog was presented with an acute seizure episode and tremors. Fever and panting were noted when presented. Physical examination revealed apparent forelimb muscle rigidity, fasciculations and stiff gait. Characteristic laboratory findings in this dog were severe hypocalcemia with hyperphosphatemia. The low serum concentration of intact parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium levels were consistent with the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism. In addition, there were increased urinary excretion of calcium and decreased urinary excretion of phosphorus in this case. Urgent treatment was initiated with 10% calcium gluconate. The dog remained healthy with vitamin D analogue and oral calcium supplementation. A transient hyperphosphatemia was controlled well with sevelamer hydrochloride. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case report describing the clinical and laboratory characteristic features of canine primary hypoparathyroidism and its clinical outcome in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.519-531
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise program on short physical performance battery, bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. This study subjects were 22 elderly female volunteers, aged 65-75 years and they divided into the combined exercise group(n=11) and the "no exercise" control group(n=11). The combined exercise included the line dance program performed twice per week for 60 minutes and the resistance exercise program performed once per week during 12 weeks. Exercise intensity was progressively increased from RPE "fairly light" to "slightly hard" (from 11 to 14). The findings of this study were as follows; Short physical performance battery(Balance test, gait speed, and rising from a chair five times) and bone mineral density (lumbar spine L2~L4 bone densities, and the T-score) were significantly increased after 12 weeks in the exercise group compared to the baseline. The PTH level was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to the baseline. In conclusion, regular and continuous physical activity was effective for improving short physical performance and had a positive effect on bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone. With aging, women have decreased muscle strength and bone density and therefore, it is strongly recommended that women need to carry out continuous physical activity to prevent disease and ensure a healthy retirement.