• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation which based on Celiac axis and SMA using by CT volume rendering images. 613 patients underwent abdominal CTA, there were 552 patients (99.05%, TypeI, II) with normal anatomical form and 61 (9.95%, Type III~XII) with variation. TypeI was 339(55.31%), Type II was 213 (34.74%), Type III was 18 (2.93%), Type IV was 12 patients (1.95%), Type V was 11 patient (1.79%), Type VI was 9 patients (1.46%), Type VII was 6 patients (0.97%), Type VIII was 1 patient (0.16%), Type IX was 1 patient (0.16%), Type X was 1 patient (0.16%), Type XI was 1 patient (0.16%), and Type XII was 1 patient (0.16%) into totally new types of variation. In conclusion, we could found 9 new types of variation by classifying based on celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery. These results were considered to be an important opportunity for a new vessel map.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.434-441
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• 2013

Bending motion has been used in the surgical instruments with bending structures and tendon mechanisms. A simplified bending angle amplification ratio between the proximal and distal bending joint was derived in this article. The bending structure of disk and rib in the proximal joint was analyzed based on finite element method with an emphasis on the circumferential uniformity of bending stiffness. Regarding the distal joint, optimal design and sensitivity analysis was done with four design variables of outer and inner diameter, rib height and rib width while maximizing the deformation under the stress distribution below the yield stress. Outer diameter and rib width are most critical to maximum deformation as the outer diameter and inner diameters are so to maximum equivalent stress.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

모든 알레르기 반응의 중심축이 되는 비만세포는 주로 피부, 위장관 및 호흡기관의 점막에 분포하고 있다. 활성화된 비만세포는 즉각형 알레르기 반응을 일으키는 여러 인자들을 방출시키게 된다. 方藥合編(방약합편)에 따르면 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 알레르기 鼻炎(비염), 發熱(발열), 風寒(풍한), 頭痛(두통), 기침에 效能(효능)이 있는 處方(처방)이다. 본 硏究(연구)는 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)의 肥滿細胞(비만세포) 의존성 아나필락시 반응(anaphylactic reaction)에 대한 藥理(약리) 效果(효과)를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 compound 48/80으로 유발되는 전신성 아나필락시 쇼크(systemic anaphylactic shock)와 耳介(이개) 浮腫(부종) 反應(반응)(ear swelling response)을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)을 0.1, 1 mg/ml로 전처리 하였을 때, 흰쥐 복강 肥滿細胞(비만세포)(rat peritoneal mast cells, RPMCs)에서 compound 40/80에 의해 유발되는 히스타민 분비는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 anti-dinitrophenyl IgE에 의해 활성화 된 수동 피부 아나필락시(passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, PCA)를 농도 의존적으로 抑制(억제)하였다. 결론적으로 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 肥滿細胞(비만세포) 의존성 즉각형 알레르기 反應(반응)을 抑制(억제)하여, 항 아나필락시 활성(anti-anaphylactic activity)을 가지는 것으로 보여 진다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

Purpose: To analyze retrospectively the outcome of postoperative radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for curatively resected stage II pancreatic cancer with T3 or N1 disease. Materials and Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2005, twenty-eight patients completed adjuvant radiation therapy at Ajou University Hospital. The patients had either pathologic T3 stage or N1 stage. The radiation target volume encompassed the initial tumor bed identified preoperatively, resection margin area and celiac nodal area. In the case of N1 patients, the radiation field extended to the lower margin of the L3 vertebra for covering both para-aortic lymph nodes bearing area. The median total radiation dose was 50 Gy. Ten patients received concurrent chemotherapy. Results: Thirteen patients (46%) showed loco-regional recurrences. The celiac axis nodal area was the most frequent site (4 patients). Five patients showed both loco-regional recurrence and a distant metastasis. Patients with positive lymph nodes had a relatively high probability of a distant metastasis (57.1%). Patients that had a positive resection margin showed a relatively high local failure rate (57.1%). The median disease-free survival period of all patients was 6 months and the 1-and 2-year disease free survival rates were 27.4% and 8.2%, respectively. The median overall survival period was 9 months. The 2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 31.6% and 15.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The pancreatic cancer patients with stage II had a high risk of local failure and a high risk of a distant metastasis. We suggest the concurrent use of an effective radiation-sensitizing chemotherapeutic drug and adjuvant chemotherapy after postoperative radiation therapy for the treatment of patients with stage II pancreatic cancer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.467-475
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• 1998

악안면 영역에 동통이 가하여지면 회피반사의 일종인 개구반사가 유발되며, 개구반사의 크기는 뇌간의 중추에 전달된 동통의 크기에 비례한다. 따라서 동통의 정도를 악이복근의 근전도를 이용하여 정량화 할 수 있고 동통의 지표로 이용할 수 있다. 본 실험은 악안면동통에 의하여 유발된 개구반사의 크기가 침점(족삼리) 전기자극으로 감소되는지와 이러한 전기침의 효과가 나타나는데 opioid 물질이 관여하는지에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 8주 이상, 150g이상의 Sprague-Dawley계 쥐 34 마리를 암수 구별없이 이용하여 실험하였다. 복강 내 Urethane용액(1.5g/kg)을 주입 전신마취하고 악이복근을 노출시켜 근전도 기록을 위한 한쌍의 선전극을 삽입하였다. 동통유발을 위하여 구강내 하악 이공주변에 0.1mm의 선전극을 한쌍 삽입하고 전기자극기에 연결하였다. 유해자극 조건은 duration $100{\mu}sec$, interval 5sec의 pulse로 정하고 자극의 크기는 개구반사를 일으키는 역치의 2배 크기로 하며 매 측정시마다 동일 자극을 10회식 가하여 평균하였다. 침점의 전기자극을 위하여 침점의 하나인 족삼리(Zusanli)에 표면전극(넓이 $0.4cm^2$ 정도)을 부착하고 자극부위가 약한 근수축을 일으키는 강도인 $100{\mu}sec$, 5V, 2Hz의 자극을 20분간 가하였다. 악이복근의 근전도는 교류증폭기 (Dam80, WPI, USA) 에서 1000배 증폭하여 유해자극이 가해진 순간 oscilloscope 에서 관찰하여 그 크기를 측정하였다. 침점의 전기자극으로 나타나는 진통효과가 opioid의 분비와 관련있는지 알아보기 위하여 opioid 의 길항제인 naloxone(0.2mg/kg)을 복강 내로 투여하였다. 실험군을 4군(group I - IV)으로 분류하였고 각 군에서 근전도를 측정한 단계는 다음과 같다. group I : control 침점에 전기자극 20 분간 가한후(EA), 20분후(EA20) group II : control 침점에 전기자극 20분간 가한후(EA), naloxone 투여 20분후(NX) group III : control naloxone 투여 5분후 침점에 전기자극 20분 가한후(NxEA20) group IV : control naloxone 투여 20분후(NX20) 구강내에 가해진 유해자극에 의하여 발생하는 악이복근 근전도는 족삼리 침점의 전기자극으로 그 크기가 감소하였고 이러한 침점자극의 효과는 naloxone의 투여로 인하여 억제되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 침점자극으로 진통작용이 나타나는데에 opioid 물질이 관여하고 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2020

Omental torsion secondary to inguinal hernia has rarely been reported as a cause of acute abdominal pain. However, in our case, omental infarction due to prolonged inguinal hernia-associated omental torsion led to the formation of a large omental mass with marginal fibrosis, and the patient presented with chronic abdominal pain. A 74-year-old man presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain for 1 month; subsequently, bilateral inguinal hernias were identified through inguinal ultrasonography. CT scans revealed that the greater omentum was trapped within the right inguinal canal, leading to omental torsion. The greater omentum, distal to the pedicle, appeared as a 30 cm-sized oblong fibrofatty mass in the right lower abdomen and pelvic cavity. Laparoscopic omentectomy with hernia repair was successfully performed.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a systemic fungicide commonly used in fruits, vegetables and the wine industry. VCZ and its metabolites, butenoic acid (M1) and enanilide (M2) derivatives, act as anti-androgens through actions on the androgen receptor. Although there is growing body of evidence that VCZ's action as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) in male reproductive physiology and pathphysiology, no evidence on the VCZ's EDC action in female is available yet. Previously we found that the prepubertal VCZ exposures could effectively delay the onset of puberty in female rats, suggesting the postponed or weakened activities of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (H-P-O) reproductive hormonal axis. The present study was performed to examine whether the VCZ administration affects the transcriptional activities of reproductive hormone-related genes in the same animal model. VCZ (10 mg/kg/day) was administered daily from postnatal day 21 (PND 21) through the day when the first vaginal opening (V.O.) was observed. To determine the transcriptional changes of reproductive hormone-related genes in hypothalamus and pituitary, total RNAs were extracted and applied to the semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result, treatment with VCZ significantly lowered the transcriptional activity of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) which is known to adjust gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in the hypothalamus (p<0.01). Similarly, the mRNA levels of KiSS-1, G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) and GnRH were significantly decreased in hypothalamus (p<0.01) from VCZ-treated group. As expected, the transcriptional activities of luteinizing hormone-${\beta}$ (LH-${\beta}$) and follicle stimulating hormone-${\beta}$ (FSH-${\beta}$) in the anterior pituitary from VCZ-treated group were also significantly lower than those from the control group. The present study indicates that(i) the inhibitory effect of VCZ exposure on the onset of puberty in immature female rats could be derived from the reduced transcriptional activities of gonadotropin subunits and their upstream modulators such as GnRH and KiSS-1 in hypothalamus-pituitary neuroendocrine axis, and (ii) these inhibitory effects could be mediated by NO signaling pathway.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The experiment were protein and metabolizable energy level in performance and carcass rate in cross bred chicks. One day old, 720 male and female cross bred chick were used for the experiments, and 20 chicks were placed at each pen. The energy level of feed was maintained about 2,950, 3,000, 3,050 kcal/kg, and protein content was adjusted about 19, 20, 21% from 0 to 5 weeks and energy level was maintained about 3,100, 3,150, 3,200 kcal/kg, and protein content was adjusted about 17, 18, 19% from the 6 to 10 weeks old of the experiment. At the whole time, ME 3,100 (2,950), 3,150 (3,000) and 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treatment groups was not significant difference in weight gain, feed intake, but 3,150 (3,000), 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treated groups revealed to show improved feed conversion rate than the group treated with ME 3,100 (2,950) kcal (P<0.05). And CP 17 (19), 18 (20), 19 (21)% treatment groups did not significant difference weight gain and feed intake but CP 19 (21)% treated group wan significant difference feed conversion rate than the CP 17 (19)% treated group (P<0.05). ME level of 3,100 (2,950), 3,150 (3,000), 3,200 (3,050) kcal/kg treatment groups in carcass rate and abdominal fat rate was not signficant difference and protein of 17 (19), 18 (20), 19 (21)% treatment groups after end of experiment. Between ME and CP of dietary was significant appeared to interact at 6~10 weeks (P<0.05).

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2007

Ethane 1,2-dimethane sulfonate(EDS), a toxin which specifically kills Leydig cells(LC), has been widely used to prepare the reversible testosterone(T) depletion rat model. In the present study, we monitored the gene expression profiles of pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH, up to 7 weeks after EDS injection. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats($300{\sim}350\;g$ B.W.) were injected with a single dose of EDS(75 mg/kg i.p.) and sacrificed on weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Total RNAs were purified from each pituitary, and the message levels of common alpha subunit($C{\alpha}$) of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, LH beta subunit($LH{\beta}$), FSH beta subunit($FSH{\beta}$) and GnRH receptor(GnRH-R) were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCRs. The message levels of $C{\alpha}$ increased sharply during weeks 1-4, then return to the control level on week 5. The mRNA levels of $LH{\beta}$ were elevated after week 2, reached the peak at week 4, then declined to the control level after week 5. The message levels of $FSH{\beta}$ were elevated after week 2, reached the peak at week 3, then declined to the nadir at week 5. Similarly, the mRNA levels of GnRH-R were elevated after week 2, reached the peak at week 3, then gradually declined to the control level after week 5. The present study indicated that EDS treatment could induce reversible alterations in the transcriptional activities of gonadotropin subunits and GnRH-R in the anterior pituitary from male rats. EDS injection model might be useful to understand the mechanism of hormonal regulation of hypothalamus- pituitary neuroendocrine axis in male rats.