• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.147-159
• /
• 2012

Objectives: Systems related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products were compared between South Korea and Taiwan to illuminate herbal medicine products system issues in South Korea. Methods: Papers, and laws and policies related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products in South Korea and Taiwan are analyzed to create the primary documents. The documents from South Korea were screened with the advice of a specialist, while those from Taiwan have been verified through local investigation and with the help of a related specialist. The screened documents were then compared and analyzed in the order of the systems related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products. Results: The systems related to the production of herbal medicine products satisfy GMP requirements in both countries, while Taiwan has more specialized systems related to the production of herbal medicine products and a more strict authorization program as compared to South Korea. While South Korea has most of the herbal medicine products classified as non-prescription drugs, Taiwan has them as prescription drugs. And while South Korea does not allow new herbal medicine products to be listed for insurance, Taiwan allows for once-a-year application toward listing for insurance. Conclusions: In order to ensure the safe and effective use of herbal medicine products, systems related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products are to be established, while the categorization of medicine products principally used by Korean medicine doctors should be prepared. Furthermore, prescription by a Korean medicine doctor for new drugs made with natural products and their listing for insurance need to be encouraged.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to provide the base line for the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the standard of antibiotic use and the evaluation based on analysis of current use, quality assessment and periodic changes of prophylactic antibiotics in a university hospital. We chose the year 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014 as the study periods since the primary evaluation on the first year of implementation in 2007. For this study, healthcare benefit quality assessment data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service was used. We analyzed the differences each year of treatment period; one category for initial treatment timing, three categories for selecting antibiotics, and two categories for the length of treatment from multiple evaluation indices of gastric surgeries, colorectal surgeries, and cholecystectomy. The analysis revealed the followings: Regarding length of antibiotics treatment, total days of treatment decreased down to 1.5, 1.5, and 0.6 days in the year 2014, from 13.5, 12.8, and 6.9 days in the year 2007, for gastric surgeries, colorectal surgeries, and cholecystectomy. Based on these outcomes, the efforts to devise efficient delivery and distribution of the recommendations or indices which medical staff could adhere for quality improvement of the prophylactic antibiotics would be necessary. Also implementing monitoring system to help the hospitals to acknowledge their own faults may be helpful.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.123-147
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study are, 1) to explore the factors related to the family caregivers' preferences for service utilization both of the community-based welfare and health-care services, and 2) to examine the reasons why not want to use services analyzing a survey data obtained from family caregivers(n=1,000). Anderson and Newman's Behavior model was employed to examine the factors related to the preferences for service utilization. The main results are as follows. 1) Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that predisposing factor(such as age and relations with frail elderly) and enabling factor(such as economic status, secondary caregiver, informal informational support provider, etc) were significant predictor for caregivers' preference for service utilization. Contrary to an expectation, needs factor was negatively related to the preference for service. More specifically, the more they have service needs, the less they show their willingness to use community-based service both in welfare and health-care services except for care education program. 2) Caregiver identified 'family caregiving consciousness'(family should take care of frail elderly, elderly dislike be taken care of) as an important reason not want to use community services next to financial factor. These findings have several implications for policy making especially for 'public long-term care insurance' which was planned to start in 2007.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.41-60
• /
• 2003

This study, performed to analyze the factors associated with health and cancer screening using preventive programs form health insurance among the women of a community, through a survey of about 923 women in Euijungbu-city. The subjects of the study were selected by a proportional cluster sampling method. The self-reported questionnaire was intended to fine factors associated with health screening and cancer screening. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the case of health screening using health insurance, 14.1% of the subjects turned out to have been screened once or more in their respective life-time. Reasons given for non-participation in the screening were : 'lacking screening information', a belief that' it's not useful' and a belief that they' weren't sick'. 2. The factors associated with health screening behavior were age, educational level, number of doctor visits, BMI and health promotion behavior(p<0.01, p<0.05). Also, the factors associated with health screening behavior were cue to action and health status, and the predictors on health screening behavior were age and health promotion behavior(p<0.01, p<0.05). 3. In the case of cancer screening through the health insurance, 7.4% of the subjects turned out to have been screened once or more respectively in their life-times. Reasons given for non-participation in the screening were : 'lacking screening information', a belief they 'weren't sick' and that it's not useful'. 4. The factors associated with cancer screening behavior were age, educational level, income, alcholol intake, exercise, number of doctor visits and BMI(p<0.01, p<0.05). Aditional factors associated with cancer screening behavior were cue to action, health belief score and health status. Predictors for cancer screening behavior were: age, health belief score, screening attitude and health status(p<0.01, p<0.05). As indicated by the above results, a lack of information was an important factor for a lack of participation in screening. Age and cue to action were also important factors in promoting the cancer screening rate. Therefore, a dissemination of information about cancer screening contributes to the promotion of a screening rate, and cooperation between health insurance and local health cancer facilitates to be public the community-based cancer screening program.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.479-487
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify a potential user's need for use and operational of the elderly day care center and to identify the problems and suggest development directions. The data collection was conducted on 320 ordinary people living in J-do through a questionnaire, and sought to understand the operational status of in-depth interview institutions for the heads and employees of six center. As a result of the analysis, a potential user's ware not aware of the functions and specific roles of day care center, the cost of facilities was covered by the government, and that facilities and the environment were important factors when using the center. In-depth interviews show that the current policy or system is far from reality and does not fit the status or role of the workers and the operational status of the agency, requiring the re-establishment of the on-site system. Based on the research results, the development direction of day care facilities requires active promotion and strengthening of family support for improving and enhancing awareness of day care facilities to citizens at the national level. Second, the quality of nursing services should be enhanced through improvements in facilities and the environment that reflect users' needs. Third, The government should improve the quality of nursing services by improving the poor employment conditions and treatment of workers to fit the reality.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

Existing studies have used a variety of terms related to North Korea's income guarantees, causing some confusion. It can be said that it is a problem that appears only when dealing with the contents of a specific statute in an existing study. To this end, we will look at the laws and regulations related to income security by period and analyze the contents of dictionaries that are also the explanations of the laws and the status of orders and rules. As a result of the analysis, living subsidies are classified into subsidies under the national social insurance system and pension and subsidy under the national social security system. Among them, the pension under the national social security system, which is an income security system for non-workers, includes old age pensions, labor capacity loss pension(general work ability loss pension, accidental work ability loss pension, honored soldiers' work ability loss pension), and survivor pension(general survivor pension, war deads' survivor pension, victims' survivor pension). In particular, it was confirmed that the terminology for social security pension, which has been confusing in previous studies, is a collective jargon for all pensions under the national social security system. This study is significant in that it synthesized the historical transition process of the terminology of income security from the 10th Platform for the National Liberation Society in 1936 to the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 2013.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.97-121
• /
• 2006

Inter-Korean exchanges using civil aviation has been continuing since the temporary direct air route from Pyongyang to Seoul was opened on June 15th, 2000 for the summit meeting with North Korea. In this paper, I analyze the North Korea Aviation law by focusing on the differences with South Korean Aviation law. While South Korean Aviation law is modeled on the Pandect system, North Korean Aviation law can only be understood by looking at North Korea's socialist ideology. Therefore, North Korean Aviation law has some expressions which can hardly be understood. With respect to the source of aviation law, both South and North Korea are in compliance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Signed at Chicago, on 7 December, 1944). Thus, they established the aviation law based on the standards and recommendations provided by ICAO. For this reason, they have similar legal systems and composition. From this analysis, a few differences are also derived regarding aircraft ownership, airports, airline liability, aircraft accident investigation organization and aviation insurance. It is important to note that this paper has a particular limitation. Not only is the information about North Korean law very limited, but North Korea also does not provide easy access to its national legal codes. This paper describes the legal comparison of South and North Korea by focusing on the formation and framework of North Korean aviation law.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2011

Objective: This study was conducted to describe physical therapists' attitudes and beliefs towards Korean Government's National Long Term Care Insurance Program implemented last July 2008. Design: A survey research. Methodology: Participants were 143 physical therapists working in General Hospitals or University Hospitals in Busan, Korea. Each of the participants completed a questionnaire which was comprised of 22 questions. Among the 22 questions, 7 of these were independent variables such as gender, age, career, etc. while 15 of these questions were dependent variables such as the subject's expectations and reactions on the said program, opinions of the participants on the impact of the program to old people's families and relatives, participant's sentiments on social effects of this program to the society, etc. Data collection was conducted from the $20^{th}$ of July to the $5^{th}$ of August, 2008. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, frequency and cross tabs using SPSS/PC program. Results: Based on the survey conducted, it showed that 50.3% were female respondents, 53.8% were on their twenties, 31.5% of the total respondents were married and that a percentage of 82.4% had working experiences below 10 years. About 80.4% of respondents were satisfied of their jobs and 32.4%of the respondents graduated from three - year college degree, 49.3% of the respondents graduated from four-year college degree. 95.1% of the total respondents knew the existence of the national long term care insurance program of the government and almost 78% got the information of the said program via internet, news paper or T.V. About 86% of the respondents believe that there will be future improvements in the quality of life in Korea through the said program and 82% said that there will be an increase sense of responsibility among family members to take care of their old relatives. 67.2 % of respondents believe that problems regarding old people will be solved through the government's national long term care insurance program. In aspect of Physical Therapy, 50% of the respondents expected generation of more jobs especially to physical therapists and 95% of the respondents want to work in any position in the said program especially those are more experienced ones. Conclusion: Physical Therapists in Korea are aware of the existence of the National Long Term Care Insurance Program of the Korean Government. Based on the gathered results from the survey, many experienced physical therapists of the country wanted to acquire positions in the said program especially that their expertise are needed in the said field. Through this study, it is evident that many physical therapists of the country have positive vibes on the said program and are optimistic on the outcomes of the said insurance program.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.227-261
• /
• 2015

Cooperative associations are established in order to enhance the rights and the interests of their members and serve the local communities, and actually do much for the local society. And among these, consumer cooperatives are spontaneously founded, particularly in the spirit of mutual help, in order to promote the common welfare of the members. Meanwhile, because the current medical law qualifys noncommercial corporation to open medical institution, consumer cooperative and noncommercial- corporation cooperative which are established under the Cooperative Act have the right to do. However, though cooperative association should be founded for common interests of the members who are weaker parties of society, it became rapidly to be abused as means of circumvention of law. Especially as National Health Insurance Corporation stepped up the investigation and the collection of unfair profits against the hospital owned by non-medical personnel who are unable to establish a medical institution, setting up medical institutions as a roundabout way to avoid the restricts dramatically increased in number. In this study, we are going to introduce the current dualised normative system regulating the establishment of a medical cooperative association, and find a way to improve the system and make up for the week points. And we will look though the present situation about medical cooperative association's opening, operating, and closing, and review the normative and systematic improving plans.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.393-401
• /
• 2000

Objectives : To evaluate the impacts of the DRG payment system on the behavior of medical insurance claimants. Specifically, we evaluated the case-mix index, the numbers of diagnosis and procedure codes utilized, and the corresponding rate of diagnosis codes before, during and after implementation of the DRG payment system. Methods : In order to evaluate the case-mix index, the number of diagnosis and procedure codes utilized, we used medical insurance claim data from all medical facilities that participated in the DRG-based Prospective Payment Demonstration Program. This medical insurance claim data consisted of both pre-demonstration program data (fee-for-service, from November, 1998 to January, 1999) and post-demonstration program data (DRG-based Prospective Payment, from February, 1999 to April, 1999). And in order to evaluate the corresponding rate of diagnosis codes utilized, we reviewed 820 medical records from 20 medical institutes that were selected by random sampling methods. Results : The case-mix index rate decreased after the DRG-based Prospective Payment Demonstration Program was introduced. The average numbers of different claim diagnosis codes used decreased (new DRGs from 2.22 to 1.24, and previous DRGs from 1.69 to 1.21), as did the average number of claim procedure codes used (new DRGs from 3.02 to 2.16, and previous DRGs from 2.97 to 2.43). With respect to the time of participation in the program, the change in number of claim procedure codes was significant, but the change in number of claim diagnosis codes was not. The corresponding rate of claim diagnosis codes increased (from 57.5% to 82.6%), as did the exclusion rate of claim diagnosis codes (from 16.5% to 25.1%). Conclusions : After the implementation of the DRG payment system, the corresponding rate of insurance claim codes and the corresponding exclusion rate of claim diagnosis codes both increased, because the inducement system for entering the codes for claim review was changed.