• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the solubility and the amount of fluoride release when a resin surface coating agent is applied to RMGIC. Materials and Methods: To measure the fluoride release and solubility, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$and $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350XT without a surface coating, Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ with G coat $plus^{TM}$ and Fuji II $LC^{(R)}$ with $Permaseal^{(R)}$ were prepared. And the amount of fluoride release and solubility were measured. Results: There was no significant difference in the daily fluoride release between the surface coating agents. The cumulative fluoride release was significantly different between the groups using RMGIC at 56 days (P < 0.05). In the solubility measurement, RMGIC without surface coating was significantly different only on the 7th day compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Surface coating agents can prevent the degradation of properties by the initial solvent in RMGIC. Therefore, fluoride is preserved inside the restorative material and the effect of surface coating after the addition is reduced, so that the effect on fluoride release and storage is also reduced.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.637-644
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the genetic characteristics of the Jeju dog for preservation and protection. A total of 139 dogs from 7 dog breeds, including the Jeju dog, were genotyped using 16 microsatellite markers. The results revealed 2-18 alleles per locus, with a total of 131 alleles among the 16 markers. Most alleles were identified for FH3381, which had 18 alleles, whereas FH2834 had the fewest alleles, with just 2. When the total mean value was observed, the expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were higher for than for outgroup dogs, and the PIC values ranged from 0.000 to 0.862, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the Jeju dog and other dog varieties revealed that the Jeju dog is closest to the Sapsal dog (0.393). The phylogeny between the Jeju and Korean domestic dogs showed that the Jeju dog is most distant from the Dongkyung dog (0.507). Looking at the distribution individually, the Jeju dog is in the same group as the Labrador Retriever and the Sapsal dog. Meanwhile, the Poongsan, Dongkyung, and Jindo dogs and the German Shepherd were in the same group. Genetic information confirmed through the results of this study can be used as basic data to study the genetic characteristics of the Jeju dog.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

The basaltic rocks of Daljeon-ri columnar joint (Natural Monuments # 415) and Noeseongsan Noerok site (Natural Monuments # 547) were analysed in order to understand basalt types of two areas. The basaltic rocks of the Pohang Daljeon-ri columnar joint show a typical porphyritic texture containing phenocrysts (olivine and clinopyroxene) and groundmasses composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and opaque minerals,. In contrast, basaltic rocks of Noeseongsan Noerok are characterized by fine-grained groundmass with large phenocrysts of plagioclase. Other analysis such as magnetic susceptibility, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence also support the petrological differences of two basalt rocks. The Daljeon-ri basaltic rocks are plotted on phonotephrite volcanic rocks of alkaline series in TAS(total alkali silica), and on within plate basalt in Zr-Ti diagram. The Noeseongsan basalts, on the other hand, are plotted on basaltic andesite to andesite of sub-alkaline series in TAS, and on volcanic arc basalt in Zr-Ti diagram. These results indicate that the original mantle materials between two basalt rocks were different each other, which probably originated from the change of a tectonic setting in the southeastern Korean peninsula during the Miocene.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.587-593
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of roasted rice bran (RRB) on the rheological properties of bread dough. According to farinograph analysis, the consistency of the control sample was greatest. There were no significant differences in water absorption (p<0.05). Lower values of development time, stability, and time to breakdown, which were affected, by the addition of RRB, were observed for RRB-containing dough samples, compared to the control dough sample. Addition of RRB significantly increased the mixing tolerance index (MTI). According to rheofermentometer analysis, the values of H'm, $T^{\prime}_1$, and retention volume decreased with increase in the amount of RRB added. According to the rapid visco analyzer (RVA) analysis, peak viscosity, holding strength, and setback values were greater in the control than in the RRB-containing samples. The addition of RRB to the flour influenced rheological properties like fermentation volume and acidity. The total acidity increased with the increase in the amount of RRB added. The present study has indicated that there was no significant difference between the rheological properties of the control and 5% RRB-containing dough samples. Therefore, the addition of 5% RRB could be an effective way to produce functional flour bread without affecting its desirable physical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.7-36
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the content of Records Data Management (RDM) training programs provided by 51 out of 121 university libraries in North America that implemented RDM services, and to provide implications from the results. For the content analysis, 317 titles of classroom training programs and 42 headings at the highest level from the tables of content of online tutorials were collected and coded based on 12 data literacy competencies identified from previous studies. Among classroom training programs, those regarding data processing and analysis competency were offered the most. The highest number of the libraries provided classroom training programs in relation to data management and organization competency. The third most classroom training programs dealt with data visualization and representation competency. However, each of the remaining 9 competencies was covered by only a few classroom training programs, and this implied that classroom training programs focused on the particular data literacy competencies. There were five university libraries that developed and provided their own online tutorials. The analysis of the headings showed that the competencies of data preservation, ethics and data citation, and data management and organization were mainly covered and the difference existed in the competencies stressed by the classroom training programs. For effective RDM training program, it is necessary to understand and support the education of data literacy competencies that researchers need to draw research results, in addition to competencies that university librarians traditionally have taught and emphasized. It is also needed to develop educational resources that support continuing education for the librarians involved in RDM services.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of low back pain patients and trends of Korean medicine conservative treatment effects of low back pain patients by registry data. Methods A total of 78 patients were analyzed, statistical analysis was performed using a generalized linear model. The comparison between groups was performed using independent two samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test according to the distribution of normality. Before and after the treatment effects, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis method were used for the comparison, Sheffe method was used for the post test. Results The average age of hospitalized patients was 31.8 years old and out-patient department (OPD) patients was 44.9 years old. Lots of OPD patients and hospitalized patients were classified to 'Lumbago due to Coexist Qu Stagnation and Bloos Stasis'. Both OPD patients and hospitalized patients classified to 'Lumbago due to Coexist Qu Stagnation and Bloos Stasis' showed statistically significant decrease in RMDQ (Roland-Morris disability questionnaire) and NRS (numeric rating scale) on 1 month and 3 month after clinical research start date. Comparing the treatment effects of Chuna manual therapy, both Chuna group and non-Chuna group showed statistically significant decrease in RMDQ and NRS on discharge date, 1 month and 3 month after clinical research start date. Conclusions We expect that a larger scale registry study will be carried out to provide a higher level of basis for the Korean medical treatment of low back pain.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.130-141
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• 2011

This paper examined the bleaching effect of the two types of gel made with neutralizing agent such as sodium meta silicate gel & triethylamine gel mixed with carbopol resin 940 & 934 which has thickness effect in broad pH region and mixed with 10% hydrogen peroxide. Sodium meta silicate gel(1.6g included) provided pH 10, the most suitable environment for bleaching. The result of comparison of the baseline colour changes(${\Delta}E*ab$) and colour changes according to time(${\Delta}E*ab$) is as following. Group1(carbopol 940, sodium meta silicate, Urea Hydrogen Peroxide) showed 112% efficiency at CS-2; 63.3% at CS-4; 87.4% at CS-6. Group2(carbopol 934, sodium meta silicate, Urea Hydrogen Peroxide) showed 77.3%, 67.3%, 109.6% at CS-8, CS-10, CS-12 respectively; CT-1, CT-3, CT-5 of Group3(carbopol 940, triethylamine, Urea Hydrogen Peroxide) showed 36.8%, 73.2%, 74%; In Group4(carbopol 934, triethylamine, Urea Hydrogen Peroxide), efficiency of CT-6, CT-8, and CT-10 was 81.7%, 95.4%, and 95.7%. The paper showed that various concentration of neutralizing agent such as sodium meta silicate and triethylamine have bleaching effect. Viscosity of the gel including sodium meta silicate was higher than the gel including triethylamine. High viscosity helps the bleaching gel sit on the smooth slope of the ceramics. As a result, sodium meta silicate is considered to provide thickening and bleaching effect required in producing 10% hydrogen peroxide gel.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2018

Thirty-three Early Iron Age bronzes at the sites of Hoam-dong in Chungju and Cheongsong-ri in Buyeo were investigated in order to study the manufacturing technique and the provenance of lead. Chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence showed that 33 bronzes consist of copper(Cu), tin(Sn) and lead(Pb) served as major elements. Major and minor elemental analyses by EPMA were performed on two mirrors and 2 weapons of the bronzes investigated. The results shows that bronze mirrors from Chungju and Buyeo were high-tin bronzes(> 30 wt%). And 20% of tin and 5% of lead were founded in bronze weapons. Iron, zinc, arsenic, silver, nickel, sulfur and cobalt detected in four bronzes as minor and trace elements. The four bronzes were alloyed considering their function and were not heat treated after casting due to their high tin content. Lead isotope analysis using TIMS indicates that thirty-three bronzes were distributed southern Korea peninsula except Zone 1. As a result, lead raw materials came from various regions in Korean Peninsula not from Gyeongsang-do regions. The manufacturing techniques of bronze ware generalized at this age, and bronze was produced in various sites using raw materials from various sources.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

Gut microbiome have recently provided evidence that the gut microbiota are capable of greatly influencing all aspects of physiology and immunology. Although a number of recent studies have shown that probiotics can modulate gut microbiota structure, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be elucidated. In a disease state, the relative abundances of beneficial gut bacteria are generally reduced, which is restored by constant probiotic supplementation. Oral administration of probiotics improved the disease state by (1) inducing differentiation and function of regulatory T cells, (2) reducing inflammatory response, (3) modulating the gut environment, and (4) increasing the proportions of short-chain fatty acid- or beneficial metabolite-producing gut microbiota including the genera Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, etc. In this review, current knowledge on how probiotics can influence host's health by altering gut microbiota structure and on how probiotics and beneficial gut bacteria can be applied as next-generation probiotics will be discussed.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.349-369
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• 2004

Today, in the cultural properties research, there are several methods for knowing the culture of the past through a lot of information that remains and relics contain. Especially, statistical method like presumption of producing center were introduced from computer development at the early 20th century. This study showed the characteristic about firing historic sites presumed as a tile-kiln in the remains of Cheonwang temple sites, Hanam, Gyeonggi province. Also, I used nature scientific methods for correlation between tiles excavated at historic sites and circumference building and obtained there results as follows. First, soft tile parts showed similar water suction ratio(over 10%) like another tiles, except hard tile parts. Second, identification about mineral crystallization in a sample showing low water suction ratio confirmed a result that Mullite, Tridymite, Cristobalite as high temperature crystal form were presented. I know that firing temperature was higher than the other tile parts from this result. Third, statistical analysis from micro-component resulted that tiles excavated at firing historic sites and Cheonwang temple sites were closely connected. As the results, I knew that the tiles got a supply after the establishment of tile-kiln, not at a long distance at the period of Cheonwang temple construction.