• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2010

Line source method of borehole system assumes the entire surrounding medium is uniform. However, thermal properties of grouting region are considerably different from those of surrounding soil. In this study we investigate the effect of grouting materials on the solution of line source method with the aid of numerical analysis. This numerical model generates the temperature of borehole fluid with which line source solution can be obtained. Then this solution can be compared with input condition of numerical model. The results of this comparison show that thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance of line source solution are approximately 86% and 91% of the input condition of numerical model. Chart method is developed in this study to find the numerical input conditions (thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance) from the line source solution. Thermal response test of test borehole is conducted, the results of which are approximately consistent with the Chart method. Thermal property changes of grouting materials on the line source solution are also examined.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 2009

The effect of borehole thermal resistance on the borehole length is studied. In performing this work a new concept BLRR(borehole length reduction rate) is developed based on the line source model. The solution of line source model is shown to be valid through the comparison with the data of thermal response test. It is shown that BLRR is a function of soil thermal conductivity(k) and borehole thermal resistance($R_b$). The value of BLRR increases with increasing k, which means reducing $R_b$ is more effective when k is high. The reduction of borehole length with change of $R_b$ is easily estimated with BLRR. The validity of BLRR is also examined with EED analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.128-135
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• 2018

Currently, vertical closed ground heat exchangers are the most widely utilized geothermal heat pump systems and the major influencing parameters on the performance of ground heat exchangers are the ground thermal conductivity(k) and borehole thermal resistance($R_b$). In this study, the borehole thermal resistance was calculated from the in-situ thermal response test data and the individual effects of design parameters (flow rate, number of pipe, grout composition) on the borehole thermal resistance were analyzed. The grout thermal resistance was also compared with the correlations in the literatures. The borehole thermal resistance of the investigated ground heat exchanger results in 0.1303 W/m.K and the grout thermal resistance (66.6% of borehole thermal resistance) is the most influencing parameter on borehole heat transfer compared to the other design parameters (pipe thermal resistance, 31.5% and convective thermal resistance, 1.9%). In addition, increasing the thermal conductivity of grout by adding silica sand to Bentonite is more effective than the other design improvements, such as an increase in circulating flowrate or number of tubes on enhancing borehole heat transfer.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.783-790
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• 2006

A one-dimensional numerical model coupled with parameter estimation is used to predict the effective thermal conductivities of soil formations and borehole resistances from in situ field test data. In this application a new method of using initial ignoring time (IIT) obtained from error estimation is tried and turned out to be successful in determining soil thermal conductivities. This method is used for single-U and double-U borehole system. The results of this method are compared and agreed well with those of existing software (GPM) in the analysis of single-U borehole data. In the analysis of double-U borehole data this method seems to be better in predicting soil and borehole properties.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.129-140
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• 2000

최근들어 핵폐기물 지하처분장을 중심으로 터널굴착에 의한 주변 암반의 손상상태와 암반특성의 변화를 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 이는 암반의 지지력을 적극적으로 이용하는 NATM개념에 의해 터널을 시공할 셩우 안정성 해석과 최적 보강설계를 위해 필수적인 사항으로 고려된다. 그러나 현재까지 암반 손상영역을 평가하기 위해 제시된 여러 방법들은 아직까지 그 적용성과 타당성이 충분히 검증되지 못한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 코어시추, 실험실시험, 발파진동측정, 보어홀 카메라 등의 여러 방법에 의해 손상영역을 정량적으로 평가하고자 하였으며 가 방법의 적용성을 검토하였다. 암반상태 및 발파조건을 달리하여 시험발파를 수행하였으며 발파 후에 터널벽면에 수직하게 시추를 하여 암석코어를 채취한 뒤 손상정도에 따른 암석의 물리적, 역학적 특성들？ 변화를 정량적으로 나타내고자 하였다. 코어 채취후 시축공에 보어홀 카메라를 사용하여 손상영역을 시각적으로 판별하고자 하였으며 발파진동 측정결과로부터 손상영역을 예측하고 채취한 암석시표에 대한 실험실시험 결과와 비교하여 적용성을 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

The use of geothermal energy has been increased for economic and environmental friendly utilization. Ground thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance are very important parameters in the design of geothermal heat pump system. This paper presents an experimental study of heat exchange rate of U and W type ground heat exchangers (GHEs) measured by thermal performance tests (TPTs). U and W type GHEs were installed in a partially saturated dredged soil deposit, and TPTs were conducted to evaluate heat exchange rates under 100-hr continuous operation condition. The heat exchange rates were also calculated by analytical models to estimate borehole thermal resistances and were compared with experimental results. It comes out that multi-pole and equivalent diameter (EQD) models resulted in more accurate agreement than shape factor (SF) model which is currently more often used.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.5-15
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• 2012

In this study, a series of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) numerical analyses were performed in order to evaluate the thermal performance of six full-scale closed-loop vertical ground heat exchangers constructed in a test bed located in Wonju. The circulation HDPE pipe, borehole and surrounding ground formation were modeled using FLUENT, a finite-volume method (FVM) program, for analyzing the heat transfer process of the system. Two user-defined functions (UDFs) accounting for the difference in the temperatures of the circulating inflow and outflow fluid and the variation of the surrounding ground temperature with depth were adopted in the FLUENT model. The relevant thermal properties of materials measured in laboratory were used in the numerical analyses to compare the thermal efficiency of various types of the heat exchangers installed in the test bed. The simulation results provide a verification for the in-situ thermal response test (TRT) data. The CFD numerical back-analysis with the ground thermal conductivity of 4 W/mK yielded better agreement with the in-situ thermal response tests than with the ground thermal conductivity of 3 W/mK.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.93-106
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• 2010

In performing a series of in-situ thermal response tests, the effective thermal conductivities of six vertical closed-loop ground heat exchangers were experimentally evaluated and compared one another, which were constructed in a test bed in Wonju. To compare thermal efficiency of the ground heat exchangers in field, the six boreholes were constructed with different construction conditions: grouting materials (cement vs. bentonite), different additives (silica sand vs. graphite) and the shape of pipe-sections (general U-loop type vs. 3 pipe-type). From the test results, it can be concluded that cement grouting has a higher effective thermal conductivity than bentonite grouting, and the efficiency of graphite better performs than silica sand as a thermally-enhancing addictive. In addition, a new 3 pipe-type heat exchanger provides less thermal interference between the inlet and outlet pipe than the conventional U-loop type heat exchanger, which results in superior thermal performance. Based on the results from the in-situ thermal response tests, a series of economic analyses have been made to show the applicability of the new addictives and 3 pipe-type heat exchanger.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2006

This paper concerns the measurement of thermal conductivity of grouting materials for ground loop heat exchanger. A thermal conductivity meter, QTM-500 based on modified transient hot wire method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of neat bentonite and mixtures of bentonite and various additives. Relative to the total mixture mass, as the percent additive was increased the mixture thermal conductivity increased. For the bentonite-silica sand mixtures, the higher density of the sand particles resulted in much higher mixture thermal conductivity. The quartzite and silica sands produced the largest increases in mixture thermal conductivity, while common masonry and limestone sands produced lower thermal conductivity increases.