• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1124-1131
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• 2015

Consumer interest in the stability of medicinal herb extracts during storage has increased. Although the advent of new technologies has improved preservation conditions, increasing the storage time, there are few studies on the preservation of herb extracts. The purpose of this study was to perform microscopic observations of Samul-tang decoctions under various preservation conditions. The storage temperature (a high temperature, room temperature, with or without light, refrigeration, or cryopreservation) and storage time (0, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days) were given to each condition Macroscopic morphology, pH, UV absorption, HPLC, and bacteriological studies were performed to determine microscopic changes in Samul-tang decoctions. The biological activity (tyrosinase inhibition) of the Samul-tang decoctions was also examined. There were no major changes in the indicated observation items when the extracts were stored in each condition. However, at higher storage temperatures and longer storage times, microscopic changes increased, although no bacteria were detected. Furthermore, the higher the storage temperature was and the longer the storage time was, the bigger the change was, despite of minor microscopic changes. Therefore, to maintain the stability of herbal extracts during storage, it is recommended to keep the Samul-tang decoction in the preservation condition of refrigeration and cryopreservation or without light rather than high temperature and room temperature as possible.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2022

Purpose: For orthodontic bracket bonding, light curing resin cement is widely used because the process is convenient, and it can be polymerized at the desired time. This study compared the difference of bonding strength of orthodontic resin cement according to storage condition. Materials and Methods: After acid etching the bovine enamel surface with 37% phosphoric acid, 15 orthodontic brackets for mandible incisors were bonded with Ortho Connect and Orthomite LC according to following three conditions; 1) Immediate after 4℃ refrigeration for 3 months (IR), 2) One day room temperature after 4℃ refrigeration for 3 months (OR), 3) Room temperature for 3 months (RT). The shear bond strength was measured with a universal material tester and failure pattern of the specimen was observed. Two-way ANOVA and One-way ANOVA were used at the 95% significance level. Results: Ortho Connect that was applied immediately after refrigeration showed the maximum shear bond strength. Orthomite that was applied immediately after refrigeration showed the lowest shear bond strength, and the group stored at room temperature for three months showed the highest shear bond strength, and the difference between the two groups was significant. Conclusion: Ortho Connect can be used without worrying about bond strength even if it is used immediately after refrigeration, but Orthomite should be kept at room temperature sufficiently after refrigeration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.218-227
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• 2015

A prerequisite for precise quantification of nanomaterials contained in environmental samples is to prepare suitable preservation conditions of samples. This study was initiated to suggest preservation conditions of aqueous samples for analyses of metal nanomaterials. Variation in the size of silver nanomaterial (cit-AgNP) was observed according to change in various conditions, such as pH, electrolyte concentration, temperature, nanomaterial concentration, and time. Aggregation of AgNP was characterized for each environmental condition, and finally proper preservation conditions of samples were proposed based on experimental results on AgNP aggregation. In addition, the preservation period of sample was computed by the doublet time of AgNP. The results indicate that the aggregation rate of cit-AgNP was close to 0 at the conditions of pH of ${\geq}7$, electrolyte ($Ca(NO_3)_2$) concentration of ${\leq}3mM$, temperature of $4^{\circ}C$, and cit-AgNP concentration of ${\leq}2mg/L$. Furthermore, the experimental results on doublet time of cit-AgNP suggest that maximum preservation period was evaluated to be 15.79~17.53 days when the concentration of 100 nm cit-AgNP is assumed to be $1{\mu}g/L$ which is considered as an environmentally-relevant concentration of engineered nanomaterials. Our results suggest that samples should be preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ and analyzed within 2 weeks.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.316-328
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• 2015

Purpose: The objects of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the dental stone casts made from alginate impressions according to storage condition and stone pouring time. Materials and Methods: Each of upper and lower impressions of dental model was taken. The dental stone models were made immediately, 10, 30, 60, 180, 360 minutes after the impressions were taken at each storage condition. 3D models were constructed by scanning the stone model using 3D laser scanner. With Reference points, positioned on digital models, linear measurements of the dimensional change were compared by 3D metrology software, 3D average models were made and superimposition to identify the specific site of dimensional change and to measure surface deviation (mm). Results: Dental stone models which were made immediately after taking the impression showed the smallest linear dimensional change. As the stone pouring time was prolonged, the linear dimensional change was increased. More than 180 minutes after impression taking, linear dimensional change and surface distortion increased in the posterior molar region, regardless of the storage condition. Conclusion: For the optimum accuracy of the dental stone casts, alginate impression should be poured as soon as possible. If there were a need for storing, a humidor with 100% relative humidity must be used and be stored less than 180 minutes to fabricate the accurate dental model.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.332-337
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the effect of temperature alterations on the preservation of egg quality and determine suitable temperature management practices for unwashed eggs contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis on their shells in an actual distribution environment. Unwashed eggs inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis were stored for 7 d under six different conditions, constant temperature storage at 25℃ and five different temperature-changing storage conditions. For the temperature-changing conditions, the eggs were initially stored at 25℃, and then the temperature was changed to either 10 or 35℃. The indicators of egg quality, air cell height, weight loss, and specific gravity were preserved in the initial measurements when the storage temperature was lowered from 25 to 10℃ from day 3 to 4 after inoculation with Salmonella Enteritidis. In addition, the thick albumen ratio did not show significant alteration caused by the storage conditions when compared with that of fresh eggs. These findings indicate that lowering the storage temperature from 25 to 10℃ is appropriate for the safety management of unwashed eggs during actual distribution.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

방청유는 오래 전 부터 일시적 녹을 방지할 목적으로 각종 금속제품의 표면처리법으로 사용되어 왔다. 방청유의 특징은 0.5~100mm 정도의 엷은 도막(塗膜)에 의하여 일시적인 녹방지 역할을 함과 동시에, 한편 녹방기 기간 후 다시 도막을 제거하는 것으로 녹방지의 기간, 포장(包裝)의 조건, 보관환경(保管環境), 사용조건 및 후처리공정의 조건 등, 각기 다른 복잡한 요건이 수반되기 때문에 이에 대응하여 방청유의 종류도 다양하게 마련이다. 특히 근간에 이르러서는 포장재의 진보와 더불어 금속제품들의 보관 및 수송환경 개선 등의 위치와 병행하여 방청유에 대한 금속표면처리의 관심도 표면화되어지고 있다. 따라서 본 논고에서는 다양다종한 방청유에 관하여 일일이 설명하기는 매우 곤란하나, 한국 공업규격을 중심으로 한 표제에 대하여 간략하게 기술하기로 하겠다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1452-1460
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary drying effects on garlic quality, and to define the optimal secondary drying conditions for garlic preservation. The secondary drying tests used garlic that was naturally dried once and stored at low temperature. After secondary drying, the garlic was stored in a warehouse at room temperature. Tests were performed at different low-temperature storage periods (60, 105, 150, 195, and 240 days), secondary drying temperatures (35 and $40^{\circ}C$), drying times (1, 2, 3 days), and room temperature storage periods (15, 30, and 45 days). The results were compared with a non-secondary drying condition control. In general, the $40^{\circ}C$-2 days dry conditions showed the lowest weight-loss rate (5%) and rotting rate during room temperature storage. The sprouting rate increased by 20% during the initial 15 day-room temperature storage, along with a small increase after 30 days of room temperature storage. Increases in drying temperature and the period of secondary drying conditions caused a decrease in firmness. In addition, the sprouting rate was 10% higher, and rotting rate 5~10% higher, for the non-drying condition, compared to drying conditions. Based on our results, the $40^{\circ}C$-2 days drying condition is the optimal secondary drying condition for garlic storage.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2019

The change of three different reagents for electrical conductive paint using aircraft coating with elapsing time of exposure to different condition was investigated. Three different reagents were poured into the vial bottles, stored in air condition and room temperature and observed with elapsing days. In addition, adhesion property of paint was tried using cross cut tape test after storage of $N_2$ atmosphere. The weight of each different reagent was measured along with elapsing time. To confirm the change of chemical component with exposure of air atmosphere, FT-IR was performed. The weight of part A and Part B decreased slightly whereas the weight of part C decreased rapidly and the precipitation was remained. The part B was cured after exposure of $N_2$ atmosphere and the 2250 cm-1 from FT-IR peak decreased slowly at the same time. It was considered that the water contained in air accelerated the reaction of -NCO functional groups and it caused the curing whereas $N_2$ atmosphere not contained water and it resulted in the retardancy of curing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.413-416
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• 2004

TOC(total organic carbon)분석은 폐수 및 강수의 오염특성을 평가하기 위한 도구로서 BOD(biochemical oxygen demand), COD(chemical oxygen demand) 와 함께 사용되어 왔다. TOC 측정시간은 10분 정도로 BOD(5～6일), COD(2～3시간)에 비해 아주 짧은 시간에 측정할 수가 있으며, 전처리과정이 단순하고 정확도도 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 지하수의 잠재오염성을 밝혀내기 위한 도구로 TOC를 활용하여 신뢰성 있는 분석 값을 얻기 위해서 시료의 채취, 보관, 측정까지의 최적 조건을 도출하는데 목적을 두었다. 아울러 시료 채취 후 일정 경과 시간에 따른 TOC의 변화를 관찰하였다. 시료채취 용기, 채취 후 산성화, 보관방법 및 기간에 대한 실험 결과, 대상 변수에 따라서 TOC의 농도변화에 커다란 차이점을 볼 수 있었다. TOC 농도가 낮은 지하수시료의 측정에서는 빛을 차단시킨 불투명 유리병을 사용해야만 하고 채취 즉시 산도를 높여(pH<2)주며 4$^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 보관하여야 한다. 지하수중 TOC 측정시료는 가능한 보관 기간에 있어서 채수 후 24시간 이내에 측정하는 것이 좋으나 1) 본 연구에서는 채취현장과의 거리를 고려하면 현실적으로 불가능하므로 기간에 따른 TOC 변화를 30일까지 측정, 조사하였다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.864-871
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• 2014

Seed viability is affected by storage conditions and rapid loss of viability in storage is the major cause for low germination. This study was carried out to examine the effect of packaging materials and storage temperature on seed germination rate over 10 years in two species (Capsicum annuum L. and Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) and determine effective storage conditions for maintaining seed viability. Seeds were packaged in aluminum poly pouches under vacuum, polyethylene bottles, and paper bags containing silica gel and stored under one of two controlled conditions ($15^{\circ}C$, RH 40% or $5^{\circ}C$, RH 30%) or at ambient condition. Seed germination was recorded at 6-month intervals for 10 years. The seeds of both species showed no decline in viability until 6.5 years at 15 or $5^{\circ}C$, irrespective of packaging materials. However, under ambient conditions, the seeds of chili pepper and Chinese cabbage in paper bags lost viability after 4 and 5 years, respectively. By contrast, seeds of both species in vacuum-aluminum poly pouches exhibited a 99% germination rate after 6 years under ambient conditions. Pepper seeds in the vacuum-aluminum poly pouches maintained a 93% germination rate after 10 years in ambient conditions. These results indicated that a special seed storage facility for maintaining viability of chili pepper and Chinese cabbage seed might not be essential and seed testing would not be necessary for 10 years, if chili pepper and Chinese cabbage seeds were packed in ambient/vacuum-aluminum poly pouches or $5^{\circ}C$/vacuum-aluminum poly pouches.