• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-69
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• 2006

Heterotopic pregnancy is the coexistency of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy is about 1 to 30,000 pregnancy in a natural cycle. However, the frequency of heterotopic pregnancy has steadily increased because of rising incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic surgery and the development of ovulation induction and assisted reproduction. Because heterotopic pregnancy is difficult due to diagnose and it has high morbidity and mortality rate, one should always take this into consideration and should conduct careful and thorough gynecologic evaluation. We have experienced a case of heterotopic pregnancy in a 29-year old woman who presented with acute abdominal pain in a natural cycle and report this case with a brief review of literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2010

Diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy could be delayed because of insufficient clinical symptoms. Many clinician mistook the symptoms associated with ectopic pregnancy for the symptoms of complicated normal intrauterine pregnancy. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancies has been increased because of the use of various ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies. We experienced a case of bilateral tubal pregnancies and intrauterine twin pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome woman conceived after ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate. We report this case with a brief review of the literatures.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.100-100
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• 2004

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.105.2-106
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• 2005

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 1999

자궁경관 임신은 최근에 인공유산의 증가와 인공 보조 생식술(assisted reproductive technology) 등에 의하여 증가되는 양상을 보인다. 과거에는 자궁경관 임신은 대량의 무통성 질출혈로 진단을 내리고 치료 방법은 천자궁적출술이 유일한 수단이었으나, 지금은 질식 초음파의 개발로 자궁경관 임신을 조기에 진단하고 자궁 보존적 방법으로 치료하여 차후 임신을 기대할 수 있게 되었다. 그 치료 방법 중 하나로 Methotrexate(MTX)를 주사하여 성공적으로 치유된 많은 보고들이 있었다. 본 저자들은 임신 8주에 자궁경관 임신으로 진단된 환자에서 전신적 MTX 투여와 복식 초음파 관찰 하에 양막강내 MTX 투여 병합 요법으로 치료한 1례를 보고하고 치료과정에서 자궁경부 병변의 지연 관해에 대해서 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 1994

Combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy is rare, occuring 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. The early diagnosis of combined pregnancy is very difficult, and so there is a higher maternal morbidity and fetal loss. Recently the incidence of combined pregnancy is increased. We experienced a case of combined intrauterine and right tubal pregnancy, and this case was presented with a brief review of the literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2006

Objective: This study was to investigate the clinical efficiency of clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist protocol comparing with the clomiphene citrate only protocol in infertile women with normal ovulatory cycles. Method: Among 116 patients, 43 were received assisted reproductive technologies using natural ovulatory cycle, 38 and 35 were received clomiphene citrate only protocol and clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist combined protocol, respectively, and the clinical results were compared and analyzed Results: In each group, basal levels of LH, FSH, $E_2$ and FSH, $E_2$ on hCG day injected were not different, but LH level and endometrial thickness on hCG injected day were decreased significantly and the pregnancy rate was increased significantly in clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist group. Conclusion: The pregnancy rate was increased significantly in clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist group compared with natural ovulatory cycle and clomiphene citrate only group.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.262-268
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• 1997

Combined intrauterine and ectopic (heterotopic) pregnancy occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 spontaneous gestations. Heterotopic gestations are increased in women who have had reconstructive pelvic surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease and artificial ovarian hyperstimulation. Patients who require assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization / embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer, also have an increased risk of a heterotopic pregnancy. We experienced two cases of combined pregnancy following IVF-ET. Following is a report of these cases with a brief review of references.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

Heterotopic pregnancy is named when an extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy coexists with an intrauterine pregnancy simultaneously by many causes such as PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), endometriosis, IUD (intrauterine device), previous pelvic surgery and others. This is very rare in general population, with a range of occurrence estimated between 1:7963 and 1:30000. But recently the incidence has increased as the uses of ARTs (assisted reproductive technologies) including ovulation induction, IVF-ET (in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer) and GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) increase. Because this has high maternal morbidity, mortality and fetal loss, early diagnosis and proper management is very important. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy following IVF-ET with a brief review.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 1989

Gamete intrafollopian transfer, a varient of IVF, is becoming increasingly popular as a treatment modality for infertility in women with at least one healthy follopian tube. Although GIFT has recently been poprlarized as a safe and effective treatment in selected infertile couples, little discussion of potential complications has been published. Whereas a tubal pregnancy rate of approximately 5% has been noted for IVF, early reports of GIFT have noted ectopic pregnancy to be relativiely rare. We experienced a case of combined pregnancy following GIFT with microsurgery and now present it with brief review of related literatures.