• Title/Summary/Keyword: 변형 측정

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Study on Measuring Geometrical Modification of Document Image in Scanning Process (스캐닝 과정에서 발생하는 전자문서의 기하학적 변형감지에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Dong-Yeol;Oh, Hae-Seok;Rhew, Sung-Yul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.10 no.8
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    • pp.1869-1876
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    • 2009
  • Scanner which is a kind of optical devices is used to convert paper documents into document image files. The assessment of scanned document image is performed to check if there are any modification on document image files in scanning process. In assessment of scanned documents, user checks the degree of skew, noise, folded state and etc This paper proposed to how to measure geometrical modifications of document image in scanning process. In this study, we check the degree of modification in document image file by image processing and we compare the evaluation value which means the degree of modification in each items with OCR success ratio in a document image file. To analyse the correlation between OCR success ratio and the evaluation value which means the degree of modification in each items, we apply Pearson Correlation Coefficient and calculate weight value for each items to score total evaluation value of image modification degrees on a image file. The document image which has high rating score by proposed method also has high OCR success ratio.

Stress-Strain Relationship of Alkali-Activated Hwangtoh Concrete under Chemical Attack (화학적 침해를 받은 알칼리활성 황토콘크리트의 응력-변형률 관계)

  • Mun, Ju-Hyun;Yang, Keun-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 2014
  • This study examined the effect of chemical attack on the stress-strain relationship of alkali-activated Hwangtoh concrete. Water-to-binder ratio and air content were selected as mixture parameters. The stress-strain relationship of concrete was measured at chemical immersion times of 0, 7, 28, 56, and 91 days from an age of 28 days. Based on the test results, the reduction in compressive strength of alkali-activated hwangtoh concrete owing to chemical attack was formulated. In sddition the present study demonstrated that the stress-strain behavior of concrete under chemical attack is significantly dependent on the air content and chemical immersion time, indicating the rate of decrease of modulus of elasticity was greater than that of compressive strength at the same immersion time. As a result, the stress-strain behavior of concrete under chemical attack was significantly inconsistent with the conventional models specified in the CEB-FIP provision.

Effects of Modified ultrafiltration at cardiopulmonary bypass animal experiment. (심폐바이패스 실험동물에서의 변형 초여과법 사용의 효과)

  • 한재진;원태희;박성수
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.10
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    • pp.874-882
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    • 1999
  • 배경: 체외순환 후의 부종현상 및 이에 따른 여러 장치의 기능 저하를 방지하기 위하여, 최근에 체외 순환 이탈 후 환자의 혈액을 짧은 시간에 관류하여 여과해 주는 변형 초여과법의 사용이 늘고 있다. 이에 대한 긍정적인 임상결과들의 보고도 있으나, 다른 한편 체외 순환 후 염증반응을 포함한 폐손상의 기전에 혈구 성분의 영향이 보고되고 있는 바, 변형 초여과법의 효과, 특히 폐 조직에 대한 영향을 밝혀 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 몸무게 15에서 22 Kg(평균 16.5$\pm$0.5)의 16 쌍의 잡견을 이용한 정소성 심장이식, 실험에서, 통상적인 인공심폐기 작동군과 인공심폐기 작동 후 변형 초여과 관류를 시행한 군으로 무작위 구분하였다. 변형초여과법은 체외순환 정지 후에 대동맥관에서 나온 혈류를 Roller pump를 거쳐 Amicon Diafilter 초여과 관에 150 mL/m 정도의 속도로 10~15 분 정도 관류시켜 정맥관을 통하여 우심방에 직접 주입하였다. 혈액 채취 및 폐생검은 심폐기 시작 전과 정지 직후, 그리고 변형초여과 시행 군은 초여과 완료 직후에, 대조군은 심폐기 정지 10~15분 후에 각각 시행하였다. 혈류역학 측정요소는 동맥압, 우심방압, 좌심방압 등이었으며, 혈액 검사 항목은 동맥혈 가스분석, 혈색소 농도, 헤마토크릿, 백혈구 수, 혈소판 수, 혈중 단백 성분, 알부민 성분 등이었다. 폐 생검 조직으로는 냉동 건조법을 이용한 수분 함유량을 측정하였고, 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰을 하였다. 결과: 변형 초여과 군에서 혈중 혈색소 농도는 수술전 10.3$\pm$1.7 mg/dL, 심폐기 정지 직후 6.3$\pm$1.7 mg/dL, 초여과 직후는 8.3$\pm$2.8 mg/dL의 변화를(p=0.0078, 0.0117), 혈중 총 단백질의 농도 변화는 4.3$\pm$0.9, 3.1$\pm$1.5, 4.1$\pm$1.6 mg/dL, 혈중 알부민의 농도는 1.9$\pm$0.5, 1.4$\pm$0.7, 1.8$\pm$0.8 mg/dL로서, 각각 초여과법의 시행 전후에 유의한 증가를 가져왔고(p=0.0280, 0.0277), 폐조직의 수분 함유량의 변화는 수술전 75.1$\pm$8.6%, 심폐기 정지 직후 82.8$\pm$6.0%, 초여과 직후 77.88%를 보인 반면, 대조군에서는 각각 74.7$\pm$4.9, 82.1$\pm$5.9, 82.3$\pm$5.1%의 변화를 보였다. 미세 구조의 관찰에서, 폐포의 내포세피의 융합 기저막층과 미토콘드리아에서의 부종은 변형 초여과 후에 급격히 감소하였으나, 미토콘드리아내 크리스티의 파괴성 변화와 막성 파괴 성향이 초여과 후에 심화되게 관찰되었고, 세포질 내 소체의 팽창과 공포화 현상도 심폐기 가동 후 발생하여 초여과 후에 더 심화되게 관찰되었다. 세포질 내 소체의 팽창과 공포화 현상도 심폐기 가동 후 발생하여 초여과 후에 더 심화되게 관찰되었다. 폐조직 내의 백혈구는 심폐기 작동 후에 그 수에 있어서 증가하였으며 백혈구의 괴변, 탈과립 정도도 심폐기 작동 후 및 초여과 후에 증가한 소견을 보였다. 결론: 변형 초여과법은 인공 심폐기 후의 혈색소 농도 및 혈중 단백질 농도의 복원에 효과가 있었으며 변형 초여과 관류후 폐의 미세 조직내에서 부종의 급격한 감소 등을 관찰할 수 있었다.

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U-Pb Geochronology of the Triassic Foliated Granite Distributed in the Eastern Sancheong Area, SW Yeongnam Massif, Korea and its Implications (영남육괴 남서부 산청 동부지역에 분포하는 트라이아스기 변형 화강암의 U-Pb 연대측정과 그 함의)

  • Park, Kye-Hun;Song, Yong-Sun;Seo, Jaehyeon
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.223-233
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    • 2018
  • In this study, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating was performed on deformed granitic rocks in the Sancheong area in the northeastern part of the Jirisan area, southwest of Yeongnam Massif. Until now, these have been known as Precambrian or age-unknown old igneous rocks, but the U-Pb concordant ages obtained from two samples are $237.8{\pm}4.0Ma$ and $230.2{\pm}3.4Ma$, respectively, showing their emplacements in Early to Middle Triassic. These results indicate that the deformed granite was emplaced at about 238~230 Ma. The study area shows the characteristics of ductile deformation with prominent development of foliation, augen structure, and lineation. It is observed that the deformed granites occur as xenoliths within the syenite, indicating that the time of deformation is earlier than the intrusion of the syenite of about 220 Ma. The emplacement and deformation periods of the deformed granite is similar to that of Permo-Triassic granite gneisses distributed in the Gimcheon and Andong areas of the Yeongnam Massif. Taken together, the eastern part of the Yeongnam Massif, extending from the central part to the southwestern part, granite intrusions occurred at about 260-230 Ma, followed by metamorphism-deformation of about 230-220 Ma.

A Study on Torsional Characteristics of the Car Body Types at Cornering Motion (선회주행 시 차체의 비틀림 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Joon-Seong;Cho, Seong-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.10
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    • pp.739-744
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    • 2017
  • Elastic deformation and fatigue damage can cause the permanent deformation of a kart's frame during turning, affecting the kart's driving performance. A kart's frame does not contain any suspension or differential devices and, therefore, the dynamic behavior caused by torsional deformation when driving along a curve can strongly affect these two kinds of deformations. To analyze the dynamic behavior of a kart along a curved section, the GPS trajectory of the kart is obtained and the torsional stress acting on the kart-frame is measured in real time. The mechanical properties of leisure and racing karts are investigated by analyzing their material properties and conducting a tensile test. The torsional stress concentration and frame distortion are investigated through a stress analysis of the frame on the basis of the obtained results. Leisure and racing karts are tested in each driving condition using driving analysis equipment. The behavior of a kart when being driven along a curved section is investigated through this test. Because load movement occurs owing to centrifugal force when driving along a curve, torsional stress acts on the kart's steel frame. In the case of a leisure kart, the maximum torsional stress derived from the torsional fatigue limit was found to be 230 MPa, and the torsional fatigue limit coefficient was 0.65 when driving at a speed of 40 km/h. Furthermore, the driving elements during the cornering of a kart were measured based on an actual auto-test after installing a driving measurement system, and the driving behavior of the kart was analyzed by measuring its vertical displacement.

Strength of E. coli Floc as indicated by Shear Index (Shear Index로 표시된 E. coli Floc의 강도)

  • 나초균
    • The Korean Journal of Rheology
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    • v.8 no.3_4
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    • pp.226-231
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    • 1996
  • 침강제에 의해 형성된 E. coli floc들의 강도를 측정하기 위해 floc 의 shear index를 측정하였다. 형성된 E. coli floc은 10/sec 같이 낮은 shear rate에서도 분쇄되거나 변형되었 다. 측정된 shear index의 감소에서 보듯이 E. coli floc의 강도는 염의 농도가 증가함에 EK 라 감소하였다. E. coli floc의 shear index는 NaCl의 농도가 0에서 100 mM로 증가함에 따 라 0.47에서 0.09로 줄었다. 발효배지의 조성에서 형성된 E. coli floc들은(shear index=0.18-0.24 with BPA-1000. 0.13-0.22 with BPA-1050 and 0.37-0.42 with BPA-5020) 염이 없을 때 형성된 floc에(shear index=0.47 with BPA-1000 and 0.46 with BPA-1050) 비 해 약하였다. 따라서 발효배지에서 형성된 floc은 생물공정 중 쉽게 shear에 의해 분쇄되거 나 변형될것이다.

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Measurements o Elastic Moduli of Rock Cores Using Free-Free Resonacne Tests (자유단 공진시험을 이용한 암석의 탄성계수 측정)

  • 목영진
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 1999
  • Dynamic measurements are used rather sparingly to determine the elastic modull of rock cores and modulus values are not much utilized in design practice. The reason seems to result from the general perception that values obtained by dynamic measurement are much higher (about 10 times) than those determined statically. This paper presents results from dynamic and static tests on rock cores. The findings are: 1) elastic modull can be consistently determined by laboratory seismic testing. 2) nonlinear deformation characteristics of rock cores was tentatively proposed with variation in elastic modulus with strain.

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Improvement of the Accuracy and Conveniency in Automated Strain Measurement through High-Resolution Image Processing (고해상도 화상처리를 통한 자동 변형률 측정의 정확도와 편의성 개선)

  • Kim, H.J.;Choi, S.C.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2006
  • An automated surface-strain measurement system, named ASIAS, was developed by using the image processing and stereo vision techniques in the previous studies by the corresponding author and his coworkers. This system has been upgraded mainly to improve the accuracy through image enhancement, sub-pixel measurement, surface smoothing, etc., since the first version was released. The present study has still more improved the convenience of users as well as the accuracy of measurement by processing high resolution images 8 mega pixels or more which can be easily obtained from a portable digital steal camera. It is proved that high resolution image processing greatly decreases the measurement error and gives strain data without considerable deterioration of accuracy even when the deformed grids to be measured and the master grids for camera calibration are captured together in the same image, making the whole process of strain measurement much simpler.

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A Study on the Practice Method of Planar Antenna for LMDS (LMDS용 평면형 안테나의 실용화 방안)

  • 이형수;설동범;이윤경;윤현보
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.474-483
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, the planar LTS and Vibaldi antenna operating at 28 GHz for LMDS is optimized by finite difference time domain(FDTD) method and then fabricated and measured. We designed LTS and Vivaldi antenna with corrugation structure for reducing sidelobe, then these antenna are optimized by FDTD, and then fabricated and measured. In a results of the measured values, sidelobe level of LTS and Vivaldi antenna with corrugation structure is 4 dB lower than that of LTS and Vivaldi antenna.

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크립현상을 고려한 PMMA의 상온 나노압입실험에 대한 연구

  • 윤성원;김현일;강충길
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.133-133
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    • 2004
  • 박막이나 초미세 구조체의 경도 및 탄성계수 측정을 위한 나노 압입실험에서는 Oliver & Pharr가 제안한 하중-변위 측정 나노압입법이 널리 쓰이고 있다 위 실험법에서, 나노경도(nano-hardness; H$_{n}$)는 최대하중을 계산된 접촉면적 (A$_{c}$)으로 나누어 평가하고, 압입자 및 박막의 탄성성질을 포함하는 환산 탄성계수 (reduced modulus ; E$_{r}$)는 하중제거곡선의 초기 기울기인 접촉탄성강성 (S)를 이용하여 계산한다. 그러나, 하중-변위 측정 나노압입법에서는 탄성 및 소성변형만이 고려되고 시간 의존적 변형거동 (time dependent deformation; TDD)은 고려되지 않는다.(중략)

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