• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 2008

The component for satisfying several domain requirements must be developed to support variety. But, when the application is developed using the component, it happens other requirements. So, it is difficult to design component to satisfy severaldomain requirements. Also, it is impossible to support the special business logic. As this problem, the component must provide to the white-box component, it is not the black-box component. So, in this paper, we propose the variability design technique and the customization technique using the design technique that can support the various requirements. This technique is not focus on designing the component to analyze various domains. The variability of the component is designed to the initial variability in the component development phase and we use the customization technique for applying the variability to developing application. The variability can be re-designed during developing the application to use the component applying the variability. The variability of the component is evolved and the generation of the component is increased via the iteration Generally, the range of the component variability is classified the function modification within the component and the component internal structure modification as requirements in the component outside. As the range of the variability, we propose the variability design technique of the behavior and the message flow. This paper proposes a message flow design technique for modifying function call.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.160-164
• /
• 1999

Subsurface environments, including the intermediate vadose zone and aquifers, may be contributing to increased atmospheric concentrations of $N_2$O. Denitrification appears to be the major source of $N_2$O in the subsurface environment. In the intermediate vadose zone, the level of denitrifying activity is dependent on the soil morphology, particularly stratified layers within the soil profile, which impede water and solute movement and create conditions favorable for denitrification. Movement of organic C from the soil surface appears to support denitrifying activity by providing an energy source and increasing the consumption of $O_2$. Denitrirication and $N_2$O production have been observed in aquifers but appear to be of greatest significance in shallow unconfined aquifers. The lack of organic C, N $O_2$, or anaerobiosis is often a limiting factor for activity but seems to be site specific. The presence of denitrifying bacteria does not appear to be a major limitation, based on published results, but the ubiquity of denitrifiers in subsurface environments needs to be confirmed. The fate of the $N_2$O produced in subsurface environments is unknown. Transport of $N_2$O by up ward diffusion, by outgassing at contacts with surface waters, and by ground water use need to be quantified to determine the contribution to atmospheric $N_2$O. Contamination of subsurface environment with N $O_3$$^{ }$ and organics has the potential for increasing the contribution to atmospheric $N_2$O by enhancing denitrification .

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 2008

Objectives : We investigated the effects of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 58 healthy volunteers consisted of 28 subjects in experiment(distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 28 subjects in experiment group were injected distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at $G_{21}$(Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 6 subjects(2 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally 26 subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured HRV by PolyG-I on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the paired t-test(in group) and Student t-test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture injection, Mean HRV is significantly low only for first 5 minute, SDNN is significantly high after 5 minute, Complexity is significantly low only from 20 minute to 25 minute. HRV index is significantly high for first 5minute and from 10 minute to after 10 minute. 2. HRV index of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 25 minute to 30 minute, and pNN50 of Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly decreased from 20 minute to 30 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. 3. After distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture injection, Ln(TP) and Ln(VLF) are significantly high after injection. Normalized LF is significantly high from 5 minute to 20 minute and from 25 minute and 30 minute. Normalized HF is significantly low from 5minute to 20 minute and from 25 minute and 30 minute. 4. Ln(TP) and Ln(VLF) of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 20 minute to 25 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. Conclusions : The results suggest that Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man tend to activate the autonomic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system compared to Normal Saline within normal range.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2019

VTON (Virtual try-on) is a key technology that can activate the online commerce of fashion items. However, the early 3D graphics-based methods require the 3D information of the clothing or the human body, which is difficult to secure realistically. In order to overcome this problem, Image-based deep-learning algorithms such as VITON (Virtual image try-on) and CP-VTON (Characteristic preserving-virtual try-on) has been published, but only a sampled results on performance is presented. In order to examine the strength and weakness for their commercialization, the performance analysis is needed according to the complexity of the clothes, the object posture and body shape, and the degree of occlusion of the clothes. In this paper, IoU and SSIM were evaluated for the performance of transformation and synthesis stages, together with non-DL SCM based method. As a result, CP-VTON shows the best performance, but its performance varies significantly according to posture and complexity of clothes. The reasons for this were attributed to the limitations of secondary geometric deformation and the limitations of the synthesis technology through GAN.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2014

Nowadays, some studies are performed in order to introduce the Limit State Design method widely used in foreign work sites. LRFD (Load Resistance Factor Design) method is widely used in the fields in which the data accumulation is possible - such as deep foundations, and shallow foundations, etc. The limit state design in the retaining walls is insufficient in the country owing to difficulties applying load tests. The limit state design method for retaining wall structures are studied based upon the National Retaining wall Design Standard legislated in 2008 by Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs. In this paper several retaining walls were calculated according to LRFD design criteria analysis using the general program with limit state design method and the factor of safety for sliding and overturning. Comparing with their results, the Taylor's series simple reliability analysis was performed. In the analysis results of retaining wall section, safety factors calculated by LRFD were found to be lowered than those calculated in current WSD, and it is possibly judged to be economic design by changing wall dimensions. In the future, pre-assessment of the geotechnical data for ensuring the reliability and the studies including reinforced retaining walls with ground anchor are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2005

Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported embankments have been increasingly used and researched around the world. The inclusion of one or multiple geosynthetic reinforcements over the pile is intended to enhance the efficiency of load transfer from soft ground to piles, to reduce total and differential settlement and increase global or local stability. In this paper, the reinforcement effectiveness and arching effect of the geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankments have been studied in terms of field model tests and numerical analysis with varying the space between piles and reinforcement. 2-dimensional numerical analysis has been conducted using the FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) program. And load transfer mechanisms between soil-piles-geogrid were investigated. The mechanisms of load transfer can be considered as a combination of embankment soil arching, tension geogrid, and stress concentration due to the stiffness difference between pile and soft ground. Based on the field model test and numerical analysis results, it was found that the geosynthetic reinforcement slightly interferes with soil arching, and helps reduce differential settlement of the soft ground. Also. at the D/b=3 (D: spacing of pile cap, b: diameter of pile), the total settlement is reduced by about $40\%$ compared to that without reinforcement. For $D/b{\ge}6$, the effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement in reducing settlement is negligible.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.107-115
• /
• 2004

To develop universal primers for phylogenetic analysis and species-specific marker for breeding program of kiwifruit, eighteens primers were designed from kiwifruit genome-specific repeat sequences. Seven species including twenty two varieties collected from native eastern Asia were examined using 18 to 22 mer kiwifruit target(KT) primers. among eighteen primers, we selected seven primers for phylogenetic relationship. The genus Actinidia was divided into two large groups; group I,A. arguta, A. melanandra, A. kolomikta, and A. marcrosperma, characterized by the non-hair in fruits and loaves or a few pubescences only in young stage, which belongs to the section Leiocarpae, and group II, A. chinensis, A. deliciosa, and A. eriantha, characterized by a lot of hairs only in young fruit stage and with a lot of hairs or fuzzes in leaves and branches, which belongs to the section Stellatae. Group II especially belongs to the series Perfectae of the section Stellatae and was divided into two subgroups; subgroup I containing A. chinensis and A. deliciosa, and subgroup II containing A. eriantha. In contrast, the two species, A. chinensis and A. deliciosa, which are known to have common parents, were divided into two independent subgroups with 80％ of a similarity value. On the other hand, we selected KT6F for variety specific bands, KT12E primers for 'Hayward' and 'Tomuri'. KT7F or KT12F primers were useful for analysis of inheritance pattern in kiwifruit cross-breeding. We suggest that these primers will be a powerful tool for elucidating phylogenetic relationship and selection of novelty kiwifruit in a breeding program.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2016

In this study, finite element analyses of masonry infilled frames using a general purpose FE program, ABAQUS, were conducted. Analysis models consisted of the bare frame, infilled frames with masonry wall thickness of 0.5B and 1.0B, respectively. The masonry walls were constructed using the concrete bricks which were generally used in Korea as infilled wall. The material properties of frames and masonry for the analysis were obtained from material tests. However, four times increased the tensile strength was used for 1.0B wall, which is seemingly due to the differences in locating the bricks. The force-displacement relation and development of crack from the FE analysis were very similar to those from the experiments. From the FEA results, contact force between the frame and masonry, distribution of shear force and bending moments in frame members were analyzed. Obtained contact stress shows a trianglur distribution, and the contact length for 0.5B speciment and 1.0B specimen were close to the value estimated using ASCE 41-06 equation and ASCE 41-13 equation, respectively. Obtained shear force and bending moment distribution seems to replicate actual behavior which originates from the contact stress and gap between the frame and masonry.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2017

General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) build massively parallel architecture and apply multithreading technology to explore parallelism. By using programming models like CUDA, and OpenCL, GPGPUs are becoming the best in exploiting plentiful thread-level parallelism caused by parallel applications. Unfortunately, modern GPGPU cannot efficiently utilize its available hardware resources for numerous general-purpose applications. One of the primary reasons is the inefficiency of existing warp/thread block schedulers in hiding long latency instructions, resulting in lost opportunity to improve the performance. This paper studies the effects of hardware thread scheduling policy on GPGPU performance. We propose a novel warp scheduling policy that can alleviate the drawbacks of the traditional round-robin policy. The proposed warp scheduler first classifies the warps of a thread block into two groups, warps with long latency and warps with short latency and then schedules the warps with long latency before the warps with short latency. Furthermore, to support the proposed warp scheduler, we also propose a supplemental technique that can dynamically reduce the number of streaming multiprocessors to which will be assigned thread blocks when encountering a high contention degree at the memory and interconnection network. Based on our experiments on a 15-streaming multiprocessor GPGPU platform, the proposed warp scheduling policy provides an average IPC improvement of 7.5% over the baseline round-robin warp scheduling policy. This paper also shows that the GPGPU performance can be improved by approximately 8.9% on average when the two proposed techniques are combined.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2018

Enhancing performance of big data analytics in distributed environment has been issued because most of the big data related applications such as machine learning techniques and streaming services generally utilize distributed computing frameworks. Thus, optimizing performance of those applications at Spark has been actively researched. Since optimizing performance of the applications at distributed environment is challenging because it not only needs optimizing the applications themselves but also requires tuning of the distributed system configuration parameters. Although prior researches made a huge effort to improve execution performance, most of them only focused on one of three performance optimization aspect: application design, system tuning, hardware utilization. Thus, they couldn't handle an orchestration of those aspects. In this paper, we deeply analyze and model the application processing procedure of the Spark. Through the analyzed results, we propose performance optimization schemes for each step of the procedure: inner stage and outer stage. We also propose appropriate partitioning mechanism by analyzing relationship between partitioning parallelism and performance of the applications. We applied those three performance optimization schemes to WordCount, Pagerank, and Kmeans which are basic big data analytics and found nearly 50% performance improvement when all of those schemes are applied.