• Korean Architects
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• v.2 no.3 s.3
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• pp.4-27
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• 1967

건축 중인 국립박물관 부여분관의 건축양식(김수근씨 설계)이 일본 신사건축양식을 닮았다는 시비는 건축계는 물론 사학계를 비롯한 일반의 큰 관심사가 되었다. 특히 민족의 혼이 배어 있는 백제의 귀물을 영구히 보존하며 전시할 박물관이라는데 그 문제점이 있다. 본 협회에서는 지난 8월 27일, 9월 9일 양차에 걸쳐 본 협회 임원과 좌담회에 참석할 각계 대표로서 조사단을 구성하여 현지를 답사하고 9월13일에 신문회관 3층에서 각계 인사를 모신가운데 좌담회를 가졌다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.172-197
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• 2009

The stone stupas of the Mireuk Temple Site and Jeongnim Temple Site were the beginning of Korean stone stupa and the unique ones stemming from the Baeje period. Therefore, the work of investigating the characteristics of these two stone stupas would give us a basis for understanding Korean stone stupas in a large scale and Baekje-style stone stupas in a narrow sense. As shown in some records, the excellent architectural skills of Baekje could be known by the fact that Abiji was invited to the building of Hwangryong Wooden stupa, one of the national undertakings of Shilla and the skills and styles related to stone stupas were thought to be disseminated in this process. However, it has not been very convincing that the stone stupas with Baekje styles were disconnected in an instant with the unification of Shilla, in terms that culture and art would inherited and developed. The current academic circle set a frame and defined all these types of stone stupas as Baekje-system stone stupas built in Goryeo period and put them in a uniformly chronological order. The popularization of Buddhism, support of regionally powerful clans and cultural revival were suggested as the factors of their appearance, but it seemed difficult to be assured that these led Baeje-style stone stupas to reappear in a moment by breaking the gap of about 300 years. Of course, it has not been active in Gyeongju area, but they have greatly influenced the stone stupas of Shilla; therefore, it would be possible to consider that they were developed but limited to certain areas. This study focused on the starting point of such development and investigated the formation of Baeje-style stone stupas through the stone stupas of the Mireuk Temple Site and Jeongnim Temple Site and their subsequent development through Wanggung-ri Stone Stupa.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.316-317
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• 2012

문화 유적에 대한 관심은 외부환경으로부터 이를 보존하려는 수동적인 노력과 함께 문화 유적에 대한 시대상황을 보다 잘 이해할 수 있도록, 역사적 정보제공을 위한 기술적 노력이 필요하다. 더욱이 이미 사라져 문헌에만 남아 있는 이야기나 역사적 가설을 그 때의 시대적 상황에 맞게 재구성하여 사실감 있는 정보를 전달하는 기술이 필요하다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 옛 백제의 마지막 도읍지인 사비성을 3차원으로 복원하여 가상공간을 재현하고 인터렉티브 전시 콘텐츠를 개발하는 것을 궁극의 목표한다. 먼저, 고증을 통해 그 시대의 건축양식을 이해하고 가상공간 구성에 필요한 건물을 모델링한다. 사실적 표현을 통해서 사용자의 임장감을 높이면서도 사용자와의 상호작용을 통해 시대적 상황이나 역사적 정보를 제공하는 것은 물론, 다양한 콘텐츠로의 활용가능성을 고려하여 전통건축을 3차원으로 복원한다.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.37-56
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• 2007

The '凸'-shaped, the '呂'-shaped and the hexagonal-shaped pit houses were excavated at the Youngdong area, some location along the upper the Imjin River and Han River between the Iron age and the kingdom of Hanseong Baekje. The aim of this study is to analyze various structural system and developement of the pit house with rectangular plan. It is considered a matter in all its aspects which are plan, scale, aspect, pillar holes, carbonized wood and several traces. These pit houses removes the pillar on the inside or it reduces to secure a wider space, it pursued the chamfered corner, the change of the front, the entrance fixed. Also these adopted diverse structural systems(the chuandou structure, the structural system of columns and beams and a bearing wall). But in the course of time, the Korean wooden architecture is developed gradually the structural system of columns and beams. It is presumed the result that overcome the limit with the close space and pursue the flowing space and compose a group of organizable buildings.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.46-59
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• 2023

Various Baekje ground-level building sites have been identified, in Pungnaptoseong Fortress, including Mirae Village's site E-1. However, building site E-1 is the only one with excavated roof tiles that are directly connected to the building site. As for building sites E-2, D-1, and D-2, which are comparable to site E-1, it is very possible that they had tiles on the roof based on their jeoksim (blocking facilities for roof slopes) and building structures. Also, although they are semi-underground pit structures, pit building sites A-30 and modern apartment site A-5, as well as the No.44 remains of Gyeongdang District, which is closer to a ground-level type, the buildings with tiles may have been constructed in the form of partial tile roofs rather than full-face tile roofs. Therefore, there may be several reasons behind the use of tiles on roofs in the early days, but the primary background of the building's authoritative function would have been considered first. Considering that China and Japan started using tiles on nationally important buildings such as palaces, temples, and ritual buildings, it may be presumed that Baekje began using tiles from the time it centralized power. It is believed that Baekje's early roof tile buildings evolved from rudimentary residential architecture to advanced public architecture, taking into consideration fire prevention and structural stability in large buildings. It is difficult to find similar cases in Korea with structural features such as the elevated foundations or underground stone foundations that can be found in Mirae Village building site E-1. Rather, similar architectural techniques can be found in China and Japan. In China, similar construction techniques were discovered in buildings of worship that were primarily built in the palace surroundings, such as Jangan Castle. Based on this, it appears that roof tile building sites, such as site E-1, that have been discovered have a strong correlation with the characteristics of buildings of worship, and ground type buildings, such as sites D-1 and D-2, are important facilities that are related to important public facilities such as state-run warehouses. This provides many implications regarding the early Baekje city structure.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.25-39
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• 2009

The examples of developing a building site after the Woongjin period are mainly found in temple sites, tile-roofed building sites of unidentified features, and palace remains including the pavilion site with the river in the front(임류각지) inside the Castle of Gongsan, Gongjoo. In case of the Hanseong period, a glimpase of the features has gained in Poongnab mud castle and Mongchon mud castle, but the excavated relics are not yet enough to make some date out of them. After the Woongjin period of Baejae, the earth-ramming development method was used mostly to construct a building site, which is divided into horizontal and slant raising of the ground level. Both are used simultaneously, but there are the significant differences in the way of raising the ground level between them. Particularly, in case of the Wanggoong-ri relics in Iksan, the ground level was raised in a narrow line slantly, which is differentiated from other slant raising of the ground level, and its time of construction also is after that of others. In addition, the board-building development method used for narrow space is usually found in the remains since the seventh century. However, there are not enough the relics of Baekjae to reveal the whole aspect of building site development. It should be studied later through the subsequent excavation and research.

• Korean Architects
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• no.3 s.347
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• pp.72-76
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• 1998

본 특집은 지방시대에 지역건축문화가 어떻게 변화하고 정착되고 있는가? 그 지역만의 갖고 있는 도시+건축문화의 아이덴티티는 무엇이고, 현대화과정에서 그 지역의 고유한 문화경관요소가 개발과 보존이라는 병립된 사회요구속에서 어떻게 적응되고 있는가에 대해 살펴봄을 의도하고 있다. 특히 백제문화권의 중심도시인 아산, 부여, 공주의 도시특성을 이루고 있는 도시공간구조 및 구성요소와 그 속에 내포되어 있는 문화경관요소의 현황을 살펴본다. 본고는 현대화하는 과정 속에서 전통성이 있는 문화요소를 지역성의 개념과 상관적으로 관련시켜 정리하기 위한 것이다. 문화가 지역을 초월하여 국제적으로 교류되면서, 생활의 편익성을 추구하는 현대인들은 국가와 민족의 차이를 넘어 동일한 지구문화형성의 과정으로 급속히 진행하고 있다. 현대화는 서구화라는 등식은 서구문화의 간결한 편익성이 낳은 전세계적 현상이다. 따라서 현대화를 생활의 변화로 이해할 때에 전통논의의 여유가 있고, 전통논의에 대한 객관성이 있으며, 편협된 전통관으로부터 자유로와질 수 있다. 시간의 변화에 따라서 생활이 변하고, 특히 생활을 담는 그룻으로서 건축환경이 변한다. 오랜 시간을 통해서 서서히 건축환경이 변하지만, 누적된 변화는 커다란 차이로서 나타나고, 이에 따라 적응과정에서의 여러 문제점이 발생한다. 그러므로 현재까지 많이 논의되어온 보전과 보존의 방법론적 세분화에 의한 적극적인 대책이 요구되는 시점에 있다고 할 수 있다. 해서 '전통성을 갖춘' 도시ㆍ건축구조물을 단순한 유적, 유물로 보존할 것인가, 실생활과 관련된 생활과 함께 하는 문화현상으로 적응시킬 것인가 하는 문제점이 우리의 과제인 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 2020

In recent years, realistic contents technology such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality has been spreading in travel and tourism industries, and hence there have been various smart tourism AR, VR contents developed. In the past, people mainly used books and Internet for travel, but the use of VR, AR and MR technologies will be used more for consumption of cultural leisure contents in the future. This study describes the Mixed Reality based Baekje Neungsa Cultural Heritage On-Site Guide System to accelerate smart tourism. In this study, the immersive mixed reality HMD was used to provide visitors with more intuitive and effective information about the historical, cultural and architectural values of Baekje Neungsa through virtual experiences. The cultural heritage on-site guide system module supports various Meta Data services and can be easily used for mixed reality content development by designating Meta Data scripts. This research can make contributions to the development of mixed reality based smart tourism contents.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

The basestone is a kind of foundation part of the building and can be said to deliver the loads from the upper part to ground. It is the explanation of structural role for the basestone. But the basestone has been used as the decorative element in a building. So this study is on design of the basestone. First the type division can be studied as form of the basestones. Also the investigation of development aspect of them needs to as times and the spatial characteristics. Another goal of this study is on the design characteristics of the basestone from the comparison to the basestone in ancient Japan was initiated in the architectural technology from Korea. The results are as follows. In Baekje rectangular basestones were used in static space for ceremony and circular ones were used in dynamic space for life. Also the basestones with joojwa(smoothing surface for sitting on column) were used for accessory buildings rather than main. In Silla the same type of basestone was made in a temple but according to hierarchy of buildings the sizes of them seem to have been different. The other side in Japan carved basestones were for the main buildings and for the accessory natural stones were used to. According to the hierarchy of the buildings the kinds of stones were different.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.7-28
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• 2011

This study intends to investigate the measuring scales, locations and scales through arrangement plans for a research on construction plans. Through an analysis of the artifacts-measuring scales, the relation of two scales found, which further helped suppose the measuring scales applied during the foundation period. Southern dynasties-scale was still used even after the capital was transferred to Sabi till Tang-scale was introduced. Tang-scale was used for Buddhist temples mostly founded in the 7th century. On the other hand, Goguryo-scale seemed to be used almost at the same period as Southern dynasties-scale used, but it seemed that Goguryo-scale disappeared earlier than Southern dynasties-scale. The locations of Buddhist temples could be classified into mountains, flatlands and mountain valley. Buddhist temples founded in mountains were mostly small-sized, but ones located on flatlands could secure flat fields through mounding operations. In addition, through location conditions of Neungsa and Wangheungsa, it was possible to find out the district setting of Sabi Capital Castle. Finally, the expansion range of Buddhist temples were found to be towards the east and the west. As for the scales of temples according to such conditions of location, it was found a similarity in Temple sites. In general, it was possible to assume that the scales of Buddhist temples tended to be expanded along with spatial expansion and there were regular systems in Buddhist temples related to the Royal family. Through the analysis of arrangement plans between individual buildings, it was found that the basic arrangement of Gate-Pagoda-Main Hall-Lecture Hall was preserved, but the proportion of distances between individual buildings varied depending on cases. As a result, there were differences between scales of entire building sites, construction subjective influences and master plan for each location of a Buddhist temple.