• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2002

Background : In mammals, the activity of antioxidant enzymes is increased in adult lung to adapt to hyperoxia. The increase of these activities is augmented in neonates and is known as an important mechanism of tolerance to high oxygen levels. Peroxiredoxin(Prx) is an abundant and ubiquitous intracellular antioxidant enzyme. Prx I and II are major cytosolic subtypes. The aim of this study was to examine th Prx I and II mRNA and protein expression levels in adult rat lungs and to compare then with those of neonatal rat lungs exposed to hyperoxia. Materials and Methods : Adult Sprague-Dawley rats and neonates that were delivered from timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat were randomly exposed to normoxia or hyperoxia. After exposure to high oxygen level for a set time, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were obtained. The Prx I and II protein expression levels were measured by western blot analysis using polyclonal rabbit anti-Prx I or anti-Prx II antibodies and the relative expression of the Prx I and Prx II per Actin protein were obtained as an internal standard. The Prx I and II mRNA expression levels were measured by northernblot analysis using Prx I and Prx II-specific cDNA prepared from pCRPrx I and pCRPrx II, and the relative Prx I and Prx II expression levels per Actin mRNA were obtained as an internal standard. Results : Hyperoxia induced some peak increase in the Prx I mRNA levels after 24 hour in adult rats. Interestingly, hyperoxia induced a marked increase of Prx I mRNA 24 hour in neonatal rats. However, hyperoxia did not induce an alteration in the expression of Prx II mRNA in both the adult and neonatal rat lungs. Hyperoxia did not induce an alteration in the expression of the Prx I and Prx II protein in both the adult and neonatal rat lungs. Hyperoxia did not induce an alteration in the amount of Prx I and Prx II protein all the times in the bronchoalveolar fluid of adult rats. Conclusion : Prx I and II is differently regulated by hyperoxia in adult and neonatal rat lung at the transcriptional level. The prominent upregulation of Prx I mRNA in neonates compared to those in adults by hyperoxia may be another mechanism of resistance to high oxygen levels in neonate.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-76
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• 2019

This paper is to analyze the trend and implications of the publication of China's defense and security white papers. To this end the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled instruction; publication details and composition of China's defense and security white paper; the gist of the white paper on national defense and security during the Chinese president Xi Jinping era; the implications of Chinese white paper on national defense and security during the Chinese president Xi Jinping era; and conclusion. The Chinese Ministry of National Defense had published seven books every two years since 1998 to 2010. In 1995, the ministry published a white paper titled 'China's arms control and disarmament' for the first time. In 2013, it published a white paper titled 'The Diversified Employment of China's Armed Forces' and 'China's Military Strategy' in 2015. All have the common characteristic of being a propaganda policy reflecting China's strategic calculations. It seems that China has began to publish defense white papers in a proactive manner, due to the following factors: (1)pressure on China to demand military transparency from neighboring countries such as the United States; (2)the erosion of the 'China threat.' and (3)confidence in the achievement of China's military modernization. The 'active defensive strategy' and the 'strong defense strategy' of Si Jinping are implied in the words "China's dream is a dream of a powerful country and dream of a strong nation is essential to construct a strong nation." His these strategies have raised security concerns for neighboring countries. We need to maintain and reinforce strong ROK-US security cooperation, and hedging strategies to harmoniously promote ROK-China economic cooperation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2002

Fluoride has been one of the most widely studied caries-preventive agents. But the effect of prenatal administration had been controversies for many years. The results showed that there were no influence on reproductive rate of rats with administration of fluoride from 0 to 20 ppm during pregnancy(p>0.05). There was a trend towards slightly increased the mean ash weight in the 1, 5 and 20 ppm groups, as compared with the control group. However, there was no significant differences among groups (p>0.05). The contents of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the total bone were increased with the administrated fluoride concentration were increased, but there were no statistically significant differences among groups(p>0.05). The mean fluoride level of 1 ppm group was significantly higher than that of control group, but the concentrations of fluoride in total carcass pups of 5 and 20 ppm groups were significantly less than that of 1 ppm group(p>0.05). The results of this study indicate that the amount of fluoride transferred to the offspring, which may produce anticariogenic effects in the primary teeth of their effects in the primary teeth of their offspring.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.67-67
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• 1993

Mucosal surface of the trachea and larynx is protected by several complex defense mechanism, namely mucociliary clearance, immunoglobulin, antibacterial secretory enzyme, which have also been demonstrated in the middle ear mucosa and eustachian tube. The morphologgy of secretory glands and cells of the trachea and larynx is well-known, but knowledge concerning their development related to secretory activity is still sketchy. The secretory element of the murine trachea and larynx, aging from gestational day 16 to postnatal day 21, was studied using hematoxylin & eosin and alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining including lysozyme immunohistochemistry to investigate the development of secretory element of the murine trachea and larynx and to provide with basis of the future study for developmental morphology of the trachea and larynx. The results of this study suggest that the secretory activity starts to be established immediately after birth with the aeration of the lung.

• Digital Contents
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• no.8 s.135
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• pp.64-66
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• 2004

지난해 국내 디지털콘텐츠 시장은 5조4,000억원 규모로 전년대비 38.5%로 성장한 것으로 나타났다. 한국소프트웨어진흥원(KIPA)이 지난 6월30일 발간한 2003년 디지털콘텐츠산업백서’에 따르면 국내 디지털콘텐츠시장은 지난 2002년 3조9,138억원에서 지난해 5조4,225억원으로 늘었다. 특히 국내 디지털콘텐츠 산업은 연평균 38.7%의 고속성장을 거듭해 2007년에는 시장규모가 20조원에 이를 것으로 분석됐다. 디지털콘텐츠산업백서의 주요 내용을 발췌했다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 1967

본 연구는 백서후각기의 발생과정을 세포조직학적으로 규명보고하는 바이며 사용된 stage는 stage 20부터 32까지는 Christe(1964)의것을 인용하였으며 그 외에 명시된 stage 33,34, 35 는 저자가 편의상 구분하였다. 재료는 백서 5 필을 온실서 충분한 영양으로 사육후 임신시켜 요구되는 배를 stage 별로 얻어 Bouin's solution 에 고정시켜 paraffin법을 따랐으며 5-7$\mu$의 두께로 절편을 만들어 Delafield's hematoxylin, eosin, thionin 에 염색하였다. Stage 별 후각기의 발생은 state 20 에 후순, state 22에 후와 및 조비기(Jacobson's organ), stage23A에 구비강막(oro-nasal membrane), state 23 B 에 수신경섬유 와 원시내비공, stage 24 에 조비기신경섬유, stage 27에는 골갑개상피에 후세포와 호흡상피상에 섬유 또한 악골갑개상피에서 seromucinous 선들이 최초로 나타났다. 본 실험결과 백서후각기의 형성과정은 인체와 생쥐( mouse) 에서와 유사하나 조비기의 성장, 비갑개의수, 및 후역의 범위에 있어서는 극히 차가 심한 것같다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.9 s.28
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• pp.97-100
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• 1995

일본 데이터베이스진흥센터(DPCJ)는 금년에 통권 제10호째 일본의 데이터베이스백서를 발간했다. 본지에서는 '95년도 백서 발표내용을 중심으로 4회에 걸쳐 일본의 데이터베이스 산업 현황을 간략히 소개 하고자 한다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.567-575
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the partial glossectomy on the mandibular growth of growing rats. Thirty one Sprague-Dawley rats four weeks old were divided into two groupes : the first group served as the control and the second group was partially excised in the tongue of the rats. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after partial glossectomy. The changes of the rat mandibular growth following partial glossectomy were observed biometrically from dry bone specimens. The findings were as follows : 1. Partial glossectomy of growing rat produced inhibitory effects on the growth of the mandible and did not change the original shape of the mandible. 2. Among the factors affecting mandibular growth, the presence of the proper tongue size was essential. 3. Partial glossectomy of the growing rats could not change general growth of the rats whole bodies.

• Digital Contents
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• no.4 s.35
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• pp.56-61
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• 1996

지금까지 국내 데이터베이스산업과 관련된 기술이나 시장 현황 등에 대해 알고 싶어도 관련자료가 부족해 알아 볼 수 없었던 불편이 사라지게 되었다. 한국데이터베이스진흥센터는 최근 국내 데이터베이스산업을 한눈에 살펴 볼 수 있는 '96데이터베이스백서를 발간했다. 총 8부로 나뉘어 발간된 데이터베이스백서가 어떤 내용을 담고 있는지 매달 요약해 싣고자 한다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.5 s.36
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• pp.81-87
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• 1996

지금까지 국내 데이터베이스산업과 관련된 기술이나 시장 현황 등에 대해 알고 싶어도 관련자료가 부족해 알아 볼 수 없었던 불편이 사라지게 되었다. 한국데이터베이스진흥센터는 최근 국내 데이터베이스산업을 한눈에 살펴 볼 수 있는 '96데이터베이스백서를 발간했다. 총 8부로 나뉘어 발간된 데이터베이스백서가 어떤 내용을 담고 있는지 매달 요약해 싣고자 한다.