• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2016

Korea has introduced Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (Korea ETS) since 2015. However, not many companies voluntarily participate in the emissions trading. The goal of this paper is to provide the way to improve the Korea ETS. This study compares the Korea ETS with EU Emissions Trading System, which has been practiced for a decade, and suggests three strategies to activate the Korea Emissions Trading Scheme. The first thing is to encourage more companies to participate in the emissions trading since the number of companies in the emissions trading in Korea is quite limited compared with that of EU. The second thing is to activate the trading of Korean Credit Unit in order to stimulate various emission reduction mechanisms. Currently, the most of the trading in the emissions market is through the Korean Allowance Unit. The third thing is to establish concrete measures to continuously improve the Korea ETS. A comprehensive evaluation of the Korea ETS is needed along with the ongoing convergence with the associated comments. The improvement of Korea ETS would be one of the most efficient ways to compete the climate change, and would also play a role to raise the status of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2019

The emission trading system implemented in Korea is a system in which the government allocates or sells emission rights by setting the emission allowable amount to economic players subject to the emission trading system, allowing companies to freely trade shortfall or extra money through the emission trading market. Korea also had implemented its first emission trading system scheme period of time from 2015 to 2017. As a result of the first planning period in which total of seven Korean airlines were targeted, the emission amount was about 5.51 million KAU, while the quota amount was only about 4.85 million KAU, about 116% of the actual quota was emitted and Domestic airlines have incurred additional costs of about 10.7 billion won. Due to ICAO's implementation of CORSIA, the airlines are expected to have to shoulder additional costs because purchasing exceed quota will be increased in order to offset excess emissions not only on domestic but also on international routes. Thus, this paper had analyzed the characteristics of the carbon trading system of air transport industry and suggested a mix of regulatory policies as an improvement method.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2017

Nowadays, considering global warming and enhanced prohibition to discharge pollutants at sea, all of existing operation-ships must lead to the reduction of fuel consumption. International standards of International Maritime Organization and EU rules governing harbor pollutants are being strengthened. Therefore, ship-owners and operators are seeking ways to reduce $CO_2$, SOx, and NOx emissions. Although world trade continues to expand, total fuel usage for sea transport tends to diminish. However, ICS(International Chamber of Shipping) has set a goal of reducing $CO_2$ emissions from shipping by 50% until 2050. In addition, with respect to the Paris Climate Change Accord in 2015, IMO proposes to set up a reduction target of GHG emission from existing operation-ships. For setting up a reduction target of GHG from international maritime transport, "A data collection system for fuel consumption" will be introduced in the near future. In order to effectively reduce the use of fuel in a ship in accordance with the trend of compulsory fuel saving from operation ships, this paper suggested adoption of an Incentive-Penalty scheme based on Emission-Trading-Scheme, Carbon Tax, and basic calculation formula after verifying the EEOI level for a year.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2017

It is known that energy usage from Korean Universities was growing rapidly in the early 2000s. But since 2011, the change was caused by GHG emissions regulation enforced by the government. The purpose of this research was to find the characteristics and trends of greenhouse gas emissions from major universities in Korea according to the each university's data and information. The result shows that GHG emissions from University have increased steadily prior to enforcement by 4-5% annually, but the rate of increase marked 0.5~1% in 2011~2013 is the season of emission regulation and the total amount of emissions decreased 3%~5% in 2014~2015 while preparing an emissions trading scheme. Therefore we can say that the enforcement of GHG reduction such as energy target management system makes a visible effect at least in the University sector that level of GHG emissions is from $75kg/m^2$ to $58Kg/m^2$ for seven years. Another result says that the size of research fund is the main factor that affects the amount of GHG emissions before 2011, but the size of building area has been a new factor influencing the GHG emission since 2013. Thus we suggest that the criteria for evaluating the level of GHG emission from University is suitable if it is based on the building area intensity.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.223-245
• /
• 2017

This study is examined interaction between carbon market with stock market using a multivariate GARCH(DCC) model. Carbon market is EU ETS EUA price, stock market is the iron and cement stock price which has relatively energy intensive and massive carbon emissions sector in the industrial sector. It also analyzed changes in the correlation between the markets through an analysis of correlation coefficients. Moreover, it checked whether there was marketability expansion(or expansion of carbon emissions reduction) through the analysis above. As a result of empirical tests, it showed that the price spillover effect was insignificant. In addition, it represented that there was a weak correlation between the two markets since the volatility spillover effect disappeared in the second phase by an external shock(a financial crisis). Moreover, it was revealed that there were no significant changes although there was a weak upward trend in terms of the correlation between the carbon market and the stock market. This implies that emission rights could not expand marketability to financial market as a commodity(or did not play its natural role of the reduction of carbon emission).

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.509-546
• /
• 2010

Although coal has been utilized as major fuel, it is known as 'most climate unfriendly' fuel. Carbon tax or tradable permit policy has been discussed as major measure for reducing production and consumption of coal, but it might be more efficient to remove subsidy on coal production and consumption. This study examines economic and environmental effects of recycling revenue from reducing subsidy on the use of coal to foster climate friendly fuel (ligneous biomass) by price subsidy or increased public expenditure. A static CGE model was applied to analyze the welfare consequences and economic impacts of two policy measures. The result shows that price subsidy policy is more desirable than creation of public demand in terms of welfare as well as overall economic impacts.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.165-204
• /
• 2022

This study organized data from 2000 to 2014 for 20 grid-connected countries in Europe and analyzed the determinants of carbon emissions through the panel GLS method considering the problem of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. At the same time, the effect of introducing ETS was considered by dividing the sample period as of 2005 when the European emission trading system was introduced. Carbon emissions from individual countries were used as dependent variables, and proportion of generation by each source, power self-sufficiency ratio of neighboring countries, power production from resource-holding countries, concentration of power sources, total energy consumption per capita in the industrial sector, tax of electricity, net electricity export per capita, and size of national territory per capita. According to the estimation results, the proportion of nuclear power and renewable energy generation, concentration of power sources, and size of the national territory area per capita had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions both before and after 2005. On the other hand, the proportion of coal power generation, the power supply and demand rate of neighboring countries, the power production of resource-holding countries, and the total energy consumption per capita in the industrial sector were found to have a positive (+) effect on carbon emissions. In addition, the proportion of gas generation had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions, and tax of electricity were found to have a positive (+) effect. However, all of these were only significant before 2005. It was found that net electricity export per capita had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions only after 2005. The results of this study suggest macroscopic strategies to reduce carbon emissions to green growth, suggesting mid- to long-term power mix optimization measures considering the electricity trade market and their role.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.576-586
• /
• 2019

Airlines need to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of the Paris Climate Agreement and ICAO CORSIA. This examined the degree of the strategic responses to which the airlines have made and the problems in the emission trading system (ETS). According to the analysis, the total amount of emission all the airlines made in the last three years was 116% more than the emission allowance imposed by the central government resulting in 10.7 billion KRW additional emission expense. Airlines would also face an increased carbon cost due to the implementation of ICAO CORSIA by purchasing an additional paid-in emission allowance in international routes. Although it is effective to retire the old aircraft early and induce the brand-new fuel-efficient aircraft to reduce GHG emissions, it is impractical in the short-term due to the tremendous amount of investment. To reduce the emission, airlines are washing engines, using ultra-light ULD and carts in the cabin, increasing the use of flaps and preventing the use of APU. On the other hand, these are very limited measures for reducing emissions according to the ICAO's mandatory emission target.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2004

This research investigates the life-cycle energy consumption of the windows used for the building's exterior cladding, and its environmental potential aspects by utilizing the LCA. The research scope has taken account of the entire life-cycle of the windows from the extraction of raw materials to its disposal, of which given sample building type is an apartment building. Results gained from the LCA of the windows as one of the steps in analysis reflects the current global interest and analysis trend towards the world's environmental issue on all fields of industry including the architectural industry, of which its newly established standards of architectural windows can further promote more environmentally sustainable factor compared to the previous analysis (focused more on energy efficiency assessment of the use stage).

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2012.04a
• /
• pp.1421-1423
• /
• 2012

온실가스 저감에 필요한 기술에는 온실가스 배출량 관리를 비롯하여 배출권 할당, 인증, 거래, 분석, 계획 등의 기술들이 있다. 본 논문은 유통 물류 부문 기업 들이 배출하는 온실가스를 체계적으로 관리 하기 위해 필요한 온실가스 관리 시스템 구현에 관한 연구로서 온실가스 벤토리를 포함한 통합관리 시스템 구현에 대해 설명하고 있다. 구현된 온실가스 관리 시스템은 최신의 웹어플리케이션 개발 방법론에 따라 기능 및 서비스를 SaaS 방식으로 제공할 수 있도록 설계 되었다. 기능별로 서비스 관리와 사용자 관리 그리고 온실가스 인벤토리 기능으로 나누었으며 유통 물류 분야에 적합하도록 데이터 수집에 있어서 편리성을 제공하도록 설계하였다.