• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigation frequency, particle size and depth of perlite medium on the growth of Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura 'Shuhouno-chikara' grown on recycling system. In Exp 1, the irrigation frequency (IF) was designed as 3 (IF3), 9 (IF9), and 18 (IF18) times a day. Fine and coarse particle size (PS) of perlite was used as a media, and depth of media (DM) was 15 and 10 cm contained in $34{\times}120{\times}15cm$ styrofoam bed. In Exp 2, the IF was 3 (IF3), 6 (IF6), and 9 (IF9) times a day with the same amount of nutrient solution. Fine and coarse PS were used, and DM was 15 and 7.5 cm. In this study, high IF and fine PS was favorable for plant growth. However, as the IF became frequent, difference of plant growth between fine and coarse PS became smaller. Also, shallow media showed little difference with deep media in plant growth. Thus, decreasing the amount of media was recommended to reduce the production cost.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effect by application method and concentration of the indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), which is auxin-based plant growth regulator, on the growth and runner plants production of strawberry in the greenhouse. The seedlings of strawberry were transplanted in the pot (150 ×135 × 90 mm) filled with coir medium on April 12, 2019. The IBA was applied with a foliar spray or drench as 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg·L^-1 (50 mL per plant), respectively. The treatment was started on April 29, 2019. The foliar spray and drench treatment of IBA were repeated at 2-week intervals for 9 weeks from the start date of treatment. At 9 weeks after treatment, the petiole length of mother plants was the shortest in the control. The number of runner plants showed a tendency to decreased in the foliar spray. The number of lateral buds showed a tendency to decreased in the IBA treatment, and the least in the foliar with 100 mg·L^-1. There was not significantly difference in the fresh and dry weights of the first and second runner plants. However, in the third runner plants, the fresh and dry weights were the greatest in the drench with 100 mg·L^-1. Therefore, when considering the growth of third runner plants and lateral bud suppression, the drench with the 100 mg·L^-1 could be better application method and concentration of IBA treatment for growth of the third runner plants and runner plants production of strawberry, and the results can be used as a basic research of plant growth regulator application to save the labor force and enhance the seedling quality in strawberry seedling stage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.407-414
• /
• 2018

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of application method and concentration of gibberellin $A_3$ ($GA_3$) on the growth, runner production, and seedling quality of strawberry plants (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) during nursery period. The mother plants of strawberry were transplanted in pot ($64{\times}27{\times}18cm$) filled with commercial growing medium on March 20, 2018. $GA_3$ concentration was applied as 0, 50, 100 or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ with spray or drench to 45 mL per plant at 4 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Nutrient solution was supplied with the EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after the transplanting and supplied 350 mL per pot twice a day (15 min per one time) after rooting. The growth characteristics of mother plants of strawberry were measured at 7 weeks after treatment, and growth characteristics of daughter plants of strawberry were measured at 10 weeks after treatment. Runner length and diameter of mother plant was the longest or thickest in the spray with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ than the other treatments, respectively. Soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value of mother plant was the lowest in spray with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. However, leaf length, leaf width, and crown diameter showed no significant differences in all treatment among application method and concentration of $GA_3$. As the concentration of $GA_3$ increased, physiological disorder like stretchiness of crown occurred more. The physiological disorder was the most occurred in spray treatment with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, but drench treatment occurred less than spray treatment. The number of runners and daughter plants increased with increasing concentration of $GA_3$ regardless of application methods. In the growth characteristics of the daughter plants, leaf length and leaf width of first daughter plant, plant height, crown diameter, leaf area and SPAD value of second daughter plant, and plant height of third daughter plant were the significantly greatest in drench with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment. This results indicate that growth and runner production of mother plants and growth of daughter plants of strawberry were the best achieved by drench application in the $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the effect by application method and concentration of plant growth regulator (PGR) on the growth and runner production of strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) in a velno-type greenhouse. The seedlings of strawberry were transplanted in pot ($64{\times}27{\times}18cm$) filled with commercial mixed medium (Tosilee) on February 22nd, 2016. The 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) was applied with foliar spray or drench, respectively as 900, 1,200 or $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (50 mL per plant) at 3 weeks after transplanting. Nutrient solution was sufficiently supplied by the drip irrigation as EC $0.65dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for rooting during 7 days. After rooting, the 450 mL nutrient solution supplied per pot twice a day (10 min). Plant height and crown diameter of 'Maehyang' mother plant appeared no significantly difference. The other growth characteristics, such as root length, number of primary roots, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the shoot or root, were significantly the greatest in the control. And, the SPAD value of strawberry was the highest as 44.2 in the drench with $900mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The foiler spray was more effective in runner production than drench, and the number of runners appeared high values at the 900 and $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Whereas, the number of strawberry plantlets was effective in the drench. The results indicate that both growth and the number of runners of strawberry plant were the best achieved by foliar spray application at the $900mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the causal agents of soil-borne fungal diseases that pose a threat to the muskmelon production in Cheong Yang, Korea and to investigate the potential effects of hot water drenching and three fumigant (metam sodium, dazomet and methyl bromide) on these diseases. As the agents of the diseases, Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella sp., Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., were detected. Hot water and the fumigants were treated on two successive cropping seasons of melon. Soil temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20 and 30 cm soil depth. In 2005, soil sterilization by hot-water was more effective significantly to control of the diseases than by fumigant. yield was the highest in hot-water sterilized plot as $39\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Dazomet ($50\;g/m^2$) treated plot was followed as $23\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. In 2006, hot water sterilized plot showed higher yields than non-treated plots ($14.8\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). But the other three fumigant contained Dazomet ($50\;g/m^2$) were no difference (P<0.05) in yield.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.37-39
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nutrient solution concentration, irrigation frequency on growth, flowering, and cut flower longevity of Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura 'Shuhouno-chikara' hydroponically grown in perlite media. Not only stem length but also mineral contents of each plant organ in nutrient solution culture were much higher than those in soil culture. 1/2S of nutrient solution was good at early stage, but 1S of nutrient solution was better as chrysanthemum growth progressed. Among different concentrations of nutrient solution, mineral contents of each plant part showed no significant difference. 1S treatment of nutrient solution increased the vase life by 3 days than 2S treatment. The growth and mineral contents of each plant organ were great in plants irrigated 8 times a day, because of high moisture contents of medium and high water availability, followed by more frequent nutrient replenishment near roots. There was no correlation between nutrient solution concentration and vase life of cut flower grown in nutrient solution culture. Cut flowers irrigated twice per day had the longer vase life than other treatments (4, 8 times).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.176-183
• /
• 2016

Bacillus velezensis CC112 inhibited the mycelial growth of several plant pathogens, including Rhizoctonia solani, causing damping-off on ginseng. The control efficacies of B. velezensis CC112 against R. solani by seed dipping in LB and BSM broth diluted 10 times, soil dipping, and soil drenching with LB broth diluted 10 times were 65.8%, 67.1%, and 64.2%, respectively. Treatment of soil drenching with the 100 times diluted prototype of B. velezensis CC112 against R. solani and Pythium sp. by soil revealed control efficacies of 77.3% and 65.7%, respectively. These results indicate that B. velezensis CC112 is a prospective biofungicide for the biological control of ginseng damping off.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2018

An effective bioformulation of mixtures of chitin-degrading bacteria has been used successfully to control plant diseases and nematodes. In this study, the bioformulation approach was assessed to control damping-off disease of ginseng. In pot experiments with soils infested with dapming-off pathogens of ginseng, root-drenchings of Chrobacterium sp. C-61, Lysobacterium enzymogenes C-3, and mixture of two bacterial strains grown in chitin minimal medium were signficantly increased emergence of seeds and reduced damping-off disease incidence of seedlings. Efficacy of the bioformulated product depended on the dose and timing of application. In two-year-old ginseng field, the high control efficacies were achieved by soil drenching of two times with an undiluted product or three times with a 10-fold diluted product. In a To-jik nursery (self soil nursery), biocontrol efficacy of the undiluted product against damping-off disease were similar to that of a seed dressing with fungicide, Tolclofos-methyl WP. These results suggest that the bioformulated product containing Chromobacterium sp. C-61 and L. enzymogenes C-3 could be an effective approach to control of ginseng damping-off disease.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.84-86
• /
• 2014

Mass production of biocontrol agent is an essential step for its commercial use. Media composition and culture conditions for production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SKU-78, a potential biocontrol agent against bacterial wilts, were optimized by a flask culture. Low cost media combining nitrogen and carbon sources were tested. Maximum cell growth (> $2{\times}10^9$ CFU/ml) was obtained in a medium of 5% soy flour combined with 3% corn starch after 24 h cultivation. The optimum initial pH, temperature and shaking speed was 5.5, $30^{\circ}C$ and 150-250 rpm, respectively. Fermentation of SKU-78 was scaled up in 30 L fermenter and the profiles of cell density, pH, dissolved oxygen and spore formation were recorded. After 8 h lag phase, exponential growth occurred and reached at maximum viable cell number ($1.2{\times}10^{11}$ CFU/ml) after 20 h. The SKU-78 strain grown in a low cost medium exhibited the high suppression of bacterial wilts. The results indicate that SKU-78 strain can be produced in a low cost medium and provide a basis for scaling up to industrial level.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted in a glasshouse to examine the possibility of producing paprika plug seedlings in a newly developed inert phenolic foam growing medium. Plug seedlings of 'Fascinato' paprika were grown in five media, Grodan rockwool (Grodan Co. Ltd., Denmark), UR rockwool (UR Co. Ltd., Korea), phenolic foam LC (Smithers Oasis Korea Co. Ltd., Korea), phenolic foam RC, and phenolic foam 3813-4 all in a pellet type. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25^{\circ}C$, 90% RH, dark) for 4-5 days and then seedlings were grown in a glasshouse with nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system. Seedling growths were measured 20 days after sowing. The medium pH was the highest in the Grodan rockwool, and medium EC was the highest in phenolic foam 3813-4, although no nutritional excess disorders were observed. Germination rates of paprika were higher than 90% in all the media. Plant height, stem diameter, T/R ratio, leaf area, and chlorophyll showed a similar to those in the rockwool medium. Number of leaves, length of the longest root and dry weights of shoot were not significantly different among treatments. Overall, phenolic foam LC and RC produced seedlings with a similar growth as the rockwool medium. The results obtained suggest that rockwool can be replaced with a new material such as phenolic foam in the commercial scale production of plug seedlings of 'Fascinato' paprika.