• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 1997

Seven-day-old 40 broiler chicks of both sexes were fed the conventional diet containing 0, 0.3, 6 and 0.9％ Quartz porphyry(QP) and water ad libitum until 28 days of age. The excreta water content and nitrogen balance were measured during the experimental period. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to measure ammonia, glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations. In addition, intestinal ammonia concentrations were measured. The excreta moisture contents decreased significantly(P < 0.05) as QP levels increased(r= -0.96). Ammonia contents in the intestine tended to increase as QP levels increased, but the ammonia concentration in the blood was not affected by the QP levels. The blood glucose concentration was not changed but blood triglyceride concentration was lower in the 0.3％ QP treatment than the other groups(P < 0.05), Total cholesterol concentration in the blood tended to increase as QP levels increased. The QP 0.3％ treatment showed somewhat higher positive N balance than the other groups. The results of this experiment indicate that the dietary supplementation of QP could offer some benefits to broiler growers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle extracts on the excretion of neutral steroids and bile acid in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on AIN-76 based experimental diets containing methanol extracts (2%, w/w) or water extracts (4%, w/w) of sea tangle for 4 weeks. And then they were induced to be diabetic by receiving streptozotocin (45 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly. The dried fecal weight was increased significantly in water extracts group compared with control group. The fecal content of cholesterol was higher in extracts groups of sea tangle than in control group. But there was no significant difference in fecal excretion of cholesterol between methanol and water extracts groups. The fecal excretion of coprostanol was increased significantly in water extracts group compared with the control group. The fecal excretion of bile acid was increased significantly in sea tangle extracts groups compared to the control group. These data suggest that dietary supplementation of sea tangle extracts might reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis through increasing the excretion of neutral steroids.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

This research was carried out to determine the quantity and characteristics of broiler excreta produced in different age and different types of broiler house. Daily feed intakes of broiler chicks ranged over 160.1~165g/d in the sixth week of age. Female and male broiler consumed 211.3 and 252.9 $m\ell$/d of water in the period, respectively. The amount of excreta produced by female and male broiler was 164.3 and 176.3g/d/bid in the sixth week, but average daily excreta production from birth to the sixth week of age was 90.5g/bird. Accumulated excreta production of broiler per bird in the sixth week was 3,800g. The contents of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in broiler excreta were 4.49, 1.28 and 2.02% in DM basis, respectively. The average moisture contents of litter produced from windowless broiler house, open-sided and vinyl house type broiler house were 18.3, 29.7 and 30.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2010

Mineralogical characterization was performed for the mineral assemblages precipitated at the boundary between limestone bedrock and bat guano deposits in the Gossi Cave, Korea. Francoanellite, taranakite, ardealite, brushite and monetite are observed as phosphate minerals and gypsum and a small amount of barite as sulfate minerals in the guano deposits. With the increase of depth, phosphates are changed as following sequence: taranakite ${\rightarrow}$ francoanellite ${\rightarrow}$ ardealite ${\rightarrow}$ brushite ${\rightarrow}$ monetite. This sequence indicates that the major parameters controlling the physico-chemical conditions under which these mineral assemblages were deposited are pH and relative humidity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 1998

This study was carried out to process canned ark shell with highly quality by management of proper processing conditions for prevention of oxidation and discoloration by heating. Ark shell has hemoglobin as blood pigment in red blood shell which same as other cockles. Hemoglobin is easy to come oxidation and browning reaction, and it has large contents of carotenoid as meat pigment. Proximate compositions in ark shell were 76.9% of moisture, 18.1% of crude protein, 1.8% of crude lipid, 1.3% of carbohydrate and 1.6% of crude ash. And contents of carotenoid and hemoglobin were 0.67~1.02mg% and 0.98~1.64g/dl, respectively. When the living ark shell was soaked in 2% NaCl solutions, about 89% of mud was removed after 10 hours soaking, and over 91% was removed when the pH was adjusted to 7.5. Carotenoid pigment were prepared that extracted from ark shell by using acetone. And determined visible spectrum were two peak at 452nm and 687nm, and λmax were 452nm. During thermal treatment at 95$^{\circ}C$, 111$^{\circ}C$, 116$^{\circ}C$ and 121$^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes, retention ratio of carotenoid were 71.8%, 66.8%, 64.4% and 36.5%, and after 120 minutes retention ratio were 56.6%, 30.6%, 30.3% and 17.2%, respectively. When heated at 95$^{\circ}C$, 111$^{\circ}C$, 116$^{\circ}C$ and 121$^{\circ}C$, formation of browning material were increased at high temperature and long time treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 1985

Fifteen 1-yr old roosters were employed in order to investigate the influence of various dietary fibers on the water and Na metabolism of chicken. Wheat bran, pure cellulose and ground rice straw replaced corn in the control diet at 10% level; Pectin replaced corn at 8% level. Three roosters were allotted per dietary treatment and one rooster per replicate. The limit of probability accepted as being significant was P$\leq$.05. The dry matter metabolizabilities of cellulose and rice straw diets were significantly lower, and those of control and pectin diets were significantly higher than that of the wheat bran diet. Pectin fed roosters seemed to drink more water than did the other birds. Also, excreta from roosters fed the pectin diet were significantly wetter than those from other treatments. However, no difference in water intake and fecal moisture were found when !he roosters were colostomized. It was also found that the colostomized birds drank more water than did intact ones. Data of water holding capacity and bulk density of dried excreta showed that cellulose, rice straw and wheat bran in decreasing order were strong in fibrous property. There were no significant differences in C$_{Na+}$ , Cosm and C$_{{H_2}O}$ among all treatments. When the values of urine volume, urine osmolality and C$_{{H_2}O}$ were put together, it can be concluded that 11 out of 15 roosters developed diuresis. More severe diuretic symptoms were developed in roosters when they were fed more fibrous diets. In conclusion, when the four dietary fibers were graded in terms of fibrous property, it turned out to be pectin, cellulose, rice straw and wheat bran in decreasing order.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 1990

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding extra dietary salt on the blood acid－base balance, water intake and egg quality in heat stressed layers. Eighteen 44－wk－old brown commercial layers(Dekalb Warren) were randomly alloted to 0.25 and 0.75% dietary salt treatments, with nine replicates per treatment and one bird per replicate. After 3 d of preliminary period at 13~$16^{\circ}C$(normal temperature), layers were subjected to 3 d of collection period. Then the room temperature was raised to 33－$35^{\circ}C$f(hot temperature), and another 3 d of collodion period was followed. The experiment was designed as a $2\times2$ factorial and analyzed as suck The ANOVA test and comparison among treatment means were done at 5% probability levels. Results obtained were summarized as follows. L The heat stressed layers decreased feed intake, and increased water intake and excreta moisture content significantly. The addition of extradietary salt significantly increased excreta moisture content 2. The heat stressed layers showed significantly higher blood pH and lower $pCO_2$ values than the control bird However, the addition of extra salt did not change any acid－base variables. 3. The egg weight and shell quality decreased significantly, and haugh unit increased significantly by the heat stress. However, these values were not affected by the salt addition. In summary, the heat stressed layers displayed respiratory alkalosis and poor egg quality, as expected However, the addition of ex03 salt to the diet failed to alleviated the heat stress in this layer experiment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.865-872
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• 2024

Loperamide-induced constipation reduced gastric emptying, small-intestinal and colonic motility, and these effects were prevented by Fruit and vegetable complex extracts(FVCE). In this study, the effects of FVCE on constipated male Sprague-Dawley rats induced by loperamide(3 mg/kg, s.c.,14 days) were investigated. Rats were randomly assigned to the normal control rats(regular diet), constipated rats(regular diet plus loperamide), constipated rats treated with 200 mg FVCE(regular diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg/day FVCE plus loperamide), constipated rats treated with 400 mg FVCE(regular diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg/day FVCE plus loperamide). There was less fecal excretion and lower fecal water content in loperamide-treated rats than in control rats. Oral administration of FVCE blocked the decrease of fecal excretion and fecal water content in the loperamide-treated rats. Mucus production of crypt cell and mucus contents at fecal and mucosa surface were reduced by loperamide-treated rat. But colonic crypt cell contained increased mucin in the FVCE treated group and mucus layer stained with alcian blue was significantly thicker in FVCE treated rats compared with in loperamide-treated rats. In isolated rat ileum, loperamide produced inhibition of ileal motility. Pretreatment with water extracts of FVCE in isolated rat ileum prevented inhibition by loperamide. These findings indicated that the FVCE was effective for alleviation of inhibition of colonic peristalsis by loperamide and that FVCE might be of value in the prevention of constipation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

A study was carried out to examine the effects of dietary kaolin on the performance, feed and nutrient efficiency, meat quality and feeding environment using 200 day-old growing ducts. Four replicates of 10 birds each was assigned to diets containing 0(C), 1 (T1), 2(T2), 3(T3) and $4(T4)\%$ of kaolin. Body weight gain in T1 and T2 were higher than in $C(p<0.05)$ whereas weight gain in T3 and T4 were not significantly different from the control. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio tended to increased as the level of dietary kaolin increased, but without significant differences among treatments. Mortality of growing ducks during 6 week period was not significantly different among treatments. Dressing percentage was highest in T1 and lowest in T4 $(p<0.05)$. The utilizability of nutrients except for crude fat Increased$(p<0.05)$, as the level of dietary kaolin increased. Moisture content and $NH_3$ gas emission of excreta was not significantly influenced by dietary kaolin. $H_2S$ gas emission of excreta in T2, T3 and T4 was lower compare to that in C and $T1(p<0.05)$. Cholesterol content in breast and thigh meat was not different among treatments. Values for pH, WHC, TBARS, POV and Cooking loss of breast and thigh meat were not significantly different or did not show any trend among treatments.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

This work was carried out to investigate the quantity of manure excreta and characteristics in growth and production phase of Holstein dairy cattle. The average manure production of dairy cattle under condition of ad libitum feeding was 41.5 kg/head/day (feces 24.9, urine 16.4 kg). The average moisture contents of feces and urine were 85.0% and 93.9%, respectively. Water pollutant concentration, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$ and SS excreted from dairy cattle were 15,444 mg/${\ell}$, 53,159 mg/${\ell}$, and 40,528 mg/${\ell}$ in feces and 8,454 mg/${\ell}$1,116 mg/${\ell}$, and 962 mg/${\ell}$in urine, respectively. And The daily loading amount of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS in dairy cattle manure were 523 g, 1,416 g and 1,025 g, respectively. N, P and K contents of manure produced by dairy cattle were 0.33, 0.49 and 0.20% in feces, and 1.02, 0.27 and 1.03 in urine, respectively. In the concentrations of mineral and heavy metal of manure, Ca, Na and Mg contents were 1.56, 0.24 and 0.69%, and Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and As were 69.23, 19.14, 2.89, 7.73 and 2.94 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, Dairy farms can be estimated optimum nutrient and pollutant balance to effectively manage the manure produced.