• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary phytase on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of gestating and lactating sows (Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace ${\times}$ Duroc). Twelve gestating sows and twelve lactating sows were used in this study and were divided into 2 groups (1 control group and 1 treatment group, 6 replications/group) the control group was without phytase and the treatment group was fed with phytase (750 FTU/kg) in the diet, respectively. Body weights of gestating and lactating sows were $208.9{\pm}13.8$ kg and $190.5{\pm}22.9$ kg, respectively. In gestating sows, feed intake was greater in phytase fed group than the control (P<0.05), but water intake and total excretion were not different between the groups. In lactating sows, feed and water intakes and total excretion were not different between the groups. The N intake of lactating sows was higher in phytase fed group than control (P<0.05) but N excretion ratio was not different. In lactating sows, N intake and excretion and N excretion ratio were not significantly different between the groups. P excretion and excretion ratio in gestating sows decreased by phytase treatment (P<0.05) as compared to control. In lactating sows, N intake and excretion was not significantly different by added phytase (P>0.05). Finally, dietary addition of phytase decreased P excretion in feces of gestating and lactating sows.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to evaluate the potassium consumption and excretion in forty healthy male workers of a tire company in Seoul. Mean postassium intake for three days in the subject was $54.5\pm16.7mEq/day(2.13\pm0.64g)$ and urinary excretion of potassium in 24 hours was $45.9\pm10.5mEq(1.77\pm0.41g)$. Thus 83% of dietary potassium was excreted in the form of urine. Dietary ratio of Na to K was $4.15\pm0.58$ while urinary ratio of Na to K was $5.20\pm1.11$. The main food source of potassium was cooked rice with soybean in the rice group, potato with soybean paste soup in the part of soup group. and seasoned Spanish mackerel with raddish in the side dish group. There was a strong correlation between dietary protein and dietary potassium(r=0.694, p<0.001). Urinary sodium and potassium were also strongly associated with each other(r=0.647, p<0.001).

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feed intake and water consumption on milk yield and manure production in milking cows. The average feed intake(dry matter) of milking cows were 19.5kg/hd/d. Spring(23.9kg) and fall(22.1kg) feed intake rates when higher than in the summer(17.0kg) and winter(15.3kg/hd/d). The average water consumption of milking cows were $77.2\ell/hd/d$. Summer showed the highest value$(85.5\ell/hd/d)$ and winter showed the lowest value$(62.2\ell/hd/d)$. The average milk yield during spring, summer, fall, and winter was 30.8, 24.0, 25.4, and 23.7kg/hd/d, respectively. Milk yield during spring was found to be statiscally greater than for the other seasons. Manure production of milking cows during spring, summer, fall, and winter was 64.4, 63.5, 60.4, and 51.0kg/hd/d, respectively. Consequently, a relatively high correlation between milk yield and water consumption$(R^2=0.7742)$, milk yield and feed intake$(R^2=0.7459)$, water, consumption and urine production$(R^2=0.7422)$, feed intake and feces production$(R^2=0.6044)$, and milk yield and feces production$(R^2=0.6920)$ were observed in milking cows. The other hand, correlation between water consumption and feces production$(R^2=0.2950)$, feed intake and urine production $(R^2=0.1985)$, and milk yield and urine production$(R^2=0.2335)$ were found to be relatively low. Therefore, correlation equation between milk yield and feed intake, milk yield and water consumption can be estimated from : $Y=0.1919X_1+11.181(R^2=0.7742),\;Y=0.8568X_2+9.3067(R^2=0.7459)$(Y=milk yield $X_1=water$ consumption, $X_2=feed$ intake).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2009

This work was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase on N and P excretion of laying hens excreta. Three hundred sixty ISA Brown layers were selected to investigate excreta excretion for 65 weeks and to investigate the effect of phytase on total excretion and N and P excretion of layers from 55 weeks. The experimental diets were fed the starter (0~5 wk), grower (5~12 wk), developer (12~16 wk), prelay diets (16 wk~first egg), layer diets for starting period (first egg~32 wk), middle (32~45 wk), finishing diets (45~55 wk, 55 wk~). Thirty ISA Brown layers were selected to investigate the effect of phytase supplementation on total N and P excretion of layers at 55 weeks and assigned randomly to 3 treatments groups (10 birds/treatment) and phytase was added to basal diets at 300 and 600 FTU/kg. Average body weight, feed intake, water intake, and excreta excretion were 1,622, 105.7, 187.2 and 124.7 g/bird/day, respectively. Excreta of birds fed phytase were DM (33.2, 31.2, 30.5 g/day), N (0.46, 0.42, 0.40 g/day) and P (0.51, 0.49, 0.48 g/day) and reduced as dietary phytase increased, Finally, dietary phyase can reduce the N and P excretion, but the amount of excreta was not different depending from the phytase addition in layers. This work investigated the N and P excretion of laying hens excreta and were considered that dietary phytase can reduce the N and P excretion for short period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 1992

This study was intended to investigated the relationship between habitual physical activity, nutrients intakes and urinary riboflavin excretion of elderly women and to compare riboflavin biochemical status of urban elderly women with rural elderly women. While average daily riboflavin intake of elderly women subjects was below Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans, riboflavin biochemical status was adequate in terms of average urinary riboflavin excretion. Urinary riboflavin excretion did not show significant correlation with energy expenditure, physical activity level and riboflavin intake. Nutrients intakes of urban and rural elderly women were not significantly different. However, energy expenditure and physical activity level were significantly higher, urinary riboflavin excretion was significantly lower in rural than in urban elderly women. It is suggested that riboflavin biochemical status was influenced by physical activity.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

This work was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary phytase on growth performance and excreta excretion of growing-finishing pigs for 7 days. Eighty three crossbreeds (Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace ${\times}$ Duroc) of growing-finishing pigs were used in this work, and divided into 6 treatments. Six treatments were compared in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 groups (5 replications/group, 8 head/replications) with the additive phytase and 3 groups(growing I, II and finishing phase) with growing phases. Initial weights with growing phases were $58.6{\pm}3.9$. $83.2{\pm}3.8$ and $111.4{\pm}5.4kg$, respectively. Body weight gain was high in phytase treatment (P<0.01) and low at finishing phase. Feed conversion ratio was high in no phytase treatment and at finishing phase (P<0.05). Feed and water intakes have no significant difference with phytase existence and growing phases. Feces excretion decreased with growing phase (P<0.05), and was low at phytase treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on urine excretion (P>0.05). Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) intake was not found significant difference with phytase and growing phases. N excretion had no significant difference on phytase existence and growing phase (P>0.05), but P excretion decreased at phytase treatment (P<0.05). N and P excretion ratio was low at phytase treatment (P<0.05). Finally, dietary phytase resulted in improvement of growth performance and reduction of excreta excretion of growing-finishing pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effect of three different concentrations of soy-isoflavones on excretions through urine and feces in either sham-operated or ovariectomized female rats. Seventy-two 16-week old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. They were provided diets containing different levels of soy isoflavones for 6 weeks: 50 ppm (low isoflavone intake; LI), 250 ppm (medium isoflavone intake; MI) and 500 ppm (high isoflavone intake; HI). The subsequent fecal and urinary excretions of daidzein and genistein were then measured. In the sham operated rats, body weight gains and food efficiency ratio of the MI and HI groups were significantly lower than control group, while food intake was not different. However, there was no significant difference in ovariectomized rats. The fecal excretion of daidzein was significantly higher in the HI group than the LI and MI groups, and that of genistein increased as dietary isoflavone intakes increased in both the sham operation and ovariectomy. The reverse tendency of fecal recovery was shown with dietary isoflavone dose only in genistein among ovariectomized rats. When dietary isoflavones were increased from 50 ppm to 500 ppm, the amounts of daidzein and genistein in the urine increased dose-dependently. The higher intakes of isoflavones leaded to lower recovery rates of daidzein and genistein in the urine in the sham-operated rats but not in the ovariectomized rats. The urinary recovery was significantly higher in the LI group than the MI and HI groups in the sham-operated rats. The excreted amounts and recovery of the two isoflavones in the urine were higher in the sham operated groups than in the ovariectomized groups, which implied an increased bioavailability of isoflavones by ovariectomy. Therefore, the results suggest that a more efficient use of soy isoflavones in ovariectomized conditions may occur, which indicates that a higher dose of soy isoflavones is necessary for the postmenopausal states.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.276-277
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• 2005

PHAs와 같은 유해유기화학물질의 환경노출에 따른 건강영향을 파악하기 위해서 요중대사산물의 배설량, 유전적감수성 등의 생체지표분석법을 동시에 측정하여 정확한 노출량을 평가하고자 하였다. 또한 직업적, 비직업적 노출인구에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 흡연, 음주, 식이 등의 생활습관과의 상호관련성도 평가하였다. 그 결과 비교적 소량의 PAHs에 노출되는 일반인구에서 요중 1-OHP 및 2-naphthol의 배설량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 흡연이었으며 요중 1-OHP의 배설량은 음주여부, GSTM1 유전자의 다형성에 의해서도 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.680-691
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the species differences in the urinary excretion of trichloroethanol(TCE-OH) and trichloroacetic acid(TCA) of trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolites and the effect of ethanol on these metabolites in mice and rats. TCE administered to Male Sprague Dawley rats and ICR mice as a single oral dose(100, 200, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg body weight) and ethanol(3.0 g/kg body weight) was taken orally 12 hours before TCE administration. The metabolites in urine were measured 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after TCE administration. The results of metabolite excretion were as follows; Total trichlorocompounds(TTC) in urine increased with TCE dose in mice while increased only below dose of 1,000 mg/kg TCE in rats. The net excretion of TCE metabolites was significantly greater in mice than rats, although the proportion of TCE-OH to TCA was not different between mice and rats. These findings indicate that mice were internally exposed to significantly higher concentration of TCE metabolites than rats and this trend appeared to be more prominent with the increase of TCE dose. Ethanol increased significantly TCE-OH in urine of rats while the increase of TCE-OH induced by ethanol was not significant in mice, and didn't increase TCA of urine in both of rats and mice. This result suggests that the effect of ethanol on TCE metabolism may be due to the increase of TCE-OH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1006-1015
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogen-treatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 250~280g were underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including the saline-treated group, the estrogen-treated group, the high calcium salt-treated group, and the estrogen/calcium treated groups and fed for 6 weeks. Each group daily intake and excretion of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also studied. The results were as follows: The excretion level of winn calcium was significantly higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.01) and reduced with estrogen treatment but this difference was not statistically significant. Fecal loss of calcium was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.001). When the estrogen was treated, fecal loss was decreased and then apparent digestibility of calcium was increased. Calcium balance was significantly higher the high calcium treated groups than the control diet groups. The excretion level of urinary Phosphorus was higher the ovariectomized rats than sham-operation group, while these showed to be decreased in the calcium salt, the estrogen and the estrogen/calcium treated groups(p<0.01). Fecal loss of phosphrous was higher in the ovariectomized rats. When the estrogen was treated, the fecal loss was decreased in the avariectomized rat than that of other groups. The excretion level of urinary nitrogen was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation, while these showed to be decreased in the estrogen, the estrogen/calcium, and the estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification. Fecal loss of nitrogen was decreased in tile estrogen treated group. The results in this study showed that high calcium, estrogen/calcium and estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification in the ovariectomized rats enhanced calcium balance compared to the ovariectomized rats without calcium treatment, but little effects on the phosphorus and nitrogen balance.