• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.412-421
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• 2018

The Line array sonar consisting of several hydrophones increases array gain and improves the performance for detecting the direction of the target compared to single hydrophone. However, line array sonar produces the bearing error that makes it difficult to determine the bearing of incoming source signal due to the relation between bearing angle of target and vertical angle of multipath signals. Vertical angles of multipath are varied with the geometry of receiver and target and various underwater environments, therefore it is necessary to consider the bearing error to estimate accurately the bearing of the target. In this study, acoustic modelling was performed to understand the effect of multipath signals on the target signal. The errors of bearing angle estimated from the bottom bounced signals are calculated with several environment. In addition, the expected bearing line, as a function of source-receiver range, compensated for the bearing error is predicted from the estimated bearing angle.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2016

To verify the accuracy of the image guided radiotherapy using ExacTrac 6D couch, the error values in six directions are randomly assigned and corrected and then the corrected values were compared with CBCT image to check the accurateness of ExacTrac. The therapy coordination values in the Rando head Phantom were moved in the directions of X, Y and Z as the translation group and they were moved in the directions of pitch, roll and yaw as the rotation group. The corrected values were moved in 6 directions with the combined and mutual reactions. The Z corrected value ranges from 1mm to 23mm. In the analysis of errors between CBCT image of the phantom which is corrected with therapy coordinate and 3D/3D matching error value, the rotation group showed higher error value than the translation group. In the distribution of dose for the error value of the therapy coordinate corrected with CBCT, the restricted value of dosage for the normal organs in two groups meet the prescription dose. In terms of PHI and PCI values which are the dose homogeneity of the cancerous tissue, the rotation group showed a little higher in the low dose distribution range. This study is designed to verify the accuracy of ExacTrac 6D couch using CBCT. It showed that in terms of the error value in the simple movement, it showed the comparatively accurate correction capability but in the movement when the angle is put in the couch, it showed the inaccurate correction values. So, if the body of the patient is likely to have a lot of changes in the direction of rotation or there is a lot of errors in the pitch, roll and yaw in ExacTrac correction, it is better to conduct the CBCT guided image to correct the therapy coordinate in order to minimize any side effects.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2008

Fault rupture directivity of the Odaesan earthquake, which was inferred to be the main cause of the high PGAvalue (> 0.1 g) unusually observed at the near-source region, was analyzed by using the data from the nearby (R < 100 km) dense seismic stations. The Boatwright's method (2007) was adopted for this purpose in which the azimuth and takeoff angle of the unilateral rupture directivity function could be estimated based on the relative peak ground-motions of seismic stations resulting from the nature of the rupture directivity. In this study, the approximate values of the relative peak ground-motions was derived from the difference between the log residuals of the point-source spectral model (Boore, 2003) for the main and secondary events based on the Random Vibration Theory. In this derivation, the spectral difference for a frequency range between the source corner frequencies of main and secondary events was considered to reflect only the effect of the fault directivity. The inversion result of the model parameters for the fault directivity function showed that the fault-plane of NWW-SEE direction dipping steeply to the North with high rupture velocity near upward in SE direction is responsible for the observed high level of ground-motion at the near-source region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.88-90
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• 2004

대표적인 현재 및 미래 위치 색인인 TPR-Tree는 이동 객체의 위치 좌표와 속도 벡터 정보를 이용하여 시간에 대해 선형적으로 이동 객체의 현재 및 미래 위치를 예측한다. 그러나 이동 객체의 이동 방향 및 속도가 특정한 임계값을 벗어날 경우에는 서버로 새로운 위치 보고를 수행하기 때문에, 차량과 같이 이동 방향과 속도가 빈번하게 변하는 환경에 적용할 경우 서버로 잦은 보고를 필요로 하게 되어 통신비용을 크게 증가시키는 문제가 있다. 통신비용을 일정하게 유지하기 위한 방법으로 이동 객체의 보고를 일정한 시간 간격으로 수행하게 하는 방법이 있다. 그러나 일정한 시간 간격으로 이동 객체의 위치 보고가 수행되는 환경에서는 보고간격 사이에 속도와 방향이 변하게 되면 시간에 대해 선형적인 위치 예측 시에 오차가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 일정한 시간 간격으로 이동 객체의 위치 보고가 수행되는 환경에서 보고 간격 사이에 이동객체의 이동 속도와 방향의 변화에 대한 불확실성을 반영하기 위하여 도로 네트워크를 이용한 이동 객체의 불확실 위치데이터의 질의 처리 기법을 제시한다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate the initial DOA of a new appearing source in wideband multisource beamforming and tacking with array sensor position calibration algorithm. By using a beampattern formula for initial DOA detection, the proposed method keeps estimation error within possible tracking range and can be applied to several beamformers with different mainlobe width by adjusting DOA resolution. The simulation results show the performances of source detection and tracking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.172-174
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• 2003

화상평면내 미지호흡운동에 기인한 MRI 아티팩트를 제거하기 위한 후처리방법을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 호흡운동은 2차원의 선형확대축소운동으로 모델화 된다. 신체조직을 비압축성 유체모양의 물질로 가정할때, 화상위에서의 단위체적당 푸로톤 밀도는 일정하다고 가정한다. 사용한 모델에 따르면 호흡운동은 위상 오차와 비균일표본화 및 왜곡된 진폭변조를 MR 데이터에 부여한다. 운동 파라메타가 이미 알려져 있거나 추정 가능하다고 할 때, MRI 아티팩트를 제거하기 위하여 중첩법에 기초를 둔 재구성 알고리즘을 이용한다. 운동 파라매타가 미지인 경우 스팩트럼 이동법을 적용해서 호흡변동함수와 x 방향 확대계수 및 x 방향 확대중심을 추정한다. 다음으로 에너지 최소법을 이용해서 ｙ 방향 확대계수 및 ｙ 방향 확대중심을 추정한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해서 제안한 방법의 유효성을 확인한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.458-460
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• 1998

본 논문은 주성분 분석으로 시점 기반 고유얼굴(view-based eigenface)을 생성하고, 그에 기반한 얼굴 인식을 수행하고자 한다. 주성분 분석을 통한 고유얼굴 생성은 얼굴 인식의 어려운 문제 중 하나인 특징 선택과 추출이라는 문제를 해결해 준다. 또한 얼굴 표정이나 방향의 변화에도 인식률이 저하되는 것을 방지할 수 있다. 얼굴 영상을 특징공간(고유공간)으로 변환할 때, 원 얼굴영상의 정보를 최대한으로 나타낼 수 있는 최적의 고유치 개수 선택은 얼굴 데이터베이스의 크기와 인식 속도에 영향을 끼친다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 고유치 개수를 고유치의 누적기여율을 이용해서 구한다. 이는 64$\times$64(=4096)차원의 원 얼굴 영상을 5~7차원으로 표현 가능하게 하였다. 그리고, 각 얼굴 방향에 따라 특징공간을 분리해서 생성함으로써 얼굴 방향의 변화에 따라 오인식률을 줄였다. 축소된 차원과 분리된 특징공간은 메모리 사용과 인식속도의 향상에 기여한다. 본 논문에서 얼굴의 인식은 Mahalanobis distance와 재구성 오차율을 고려해서 이루어졌다. 실험은 개인당 세가지 다른 방향을 가지는 얼굴 영상을 이용하여 이루어졌고, 실험결과, 약 93%의 인식률을 보여주었다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2018

Purpose : Proton Therapy using Bragg-peak, because it has distinct characteristics in providing maximum dosage for tumor and minimal dosage for normal tissue, a medical imaging system that can quantify changes in patient position or treatment area is of paramount importance to the treatment of protons. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the usefulness of the algorithm by comparing the image matching through the set-up and in-house code through the existing dips program by producing a Matlab-based in-house registration code to determine the error value between dips and DRR to evaluate the accuracy of the existing treatment. Materials and Methods : Thirteen patients with brain tumors and head and neck cancer who received proton therapy were included in this study and used the DIPS Program System (Version 2.4.3, IBA, Belgium) for image comparison and the Eclipse Proton Planning System (Version 13.7, Varian, USA) for patient treatment planning. For Validation of the Registration method, a test image was artificially rotated and moved to match the existing image, and the initial set up image of DIPS program of existing set up process was image-matched with plan DRR, and the error value was obtained, and the usefulness of the algorithm was evaluated. Results : When the test image was moved 0.5, 1, and 10 cm in the left and right directions, the average error was 0.018 cm. When the test image was rotated counterclockwise by 1 and $10^{\circ}$, the error was $0.0011^{\circ}$. When the initial images of four patients were imaged, the mean error was 0.056, 0.044, and 0.053 cm in the order of x, y, and z, and 0.190 and $0.206^{\circ}$ in the order of rotation and pitch. When the final images of 13 patients were imaged, the mean differences were 0.062, 0.085, and 0.074 cm in the order of x, y, and z, and 0.120 cm as the vector value. Rotation and pitch were 0.171 and $0.174^{\circ}$, respectively. Conclusion : The Matlab-based In-house Registration code produced through this study showed accurate Image matching based on Intensity as well as the simple image as well as anatomical structure. Also, the Set-up error through the DIPS program of the existing treatment method showed a very slight difference, confirming the accuracy of the proton therapy. Future development of additional programs and future Intensity-based Matlab In-house code research will be necessary for future clinical applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2011

Estimation of biomass carbon stock is an important research for estimation of public benefit of forest. Previous studies about biomass carbon stock estimation have limitations, which come from the used deterministic models. The most serious problem of deterministic models is that deterministic models do not provide any explanation about the relevant effects of errors. In this study, the effects of location errors were analyzed in order to estimation of biomass carbon stock of Danyang area using Monte Carlo simulation method. More specifically, the k-Nearest Neighbor(kNN) algorithm was used for basic estimation. In this procedure, random and systematic errors were added on the location of Sample plot, and effects on estimation error were analyzed by checking the changes of RMSE. As a result of random error simulation, mean RMSE of estimation was increased from 24.8 tonC/ha to 26 tonC/ha when 0.5~1 pixel location errors were added. However, mean RMSE was converged after the location errors were added 0.8 pixel, because of characteristic of study site. In case of the systematic error simulation, any significant trends of RMSE were not detected in the test data.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.864-871
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose an optimization method for obtaining beam curve which minimize the phase errors of Rotman lens. This method is based on idea that 3 path lengths from a beam port through equal phase points, which consist of the center point of array antenna and two points placed symmetrically or asymmetrically along array antenna, to the corresponding phase front are equal. According to this method, the optimal locations of beam ports can be obtained directly by finding each equal phase point set on array antenna to minimize the phase errors for each beam direction. Simulation results show that the proposed method is the most optimal and effective method for determining the beam curve of Rotman lens with low phase errors.