• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate survival rate and prognostic factors affecting survival of patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Materials and Methods : Eligibility included biopsy proven invasive carcinoma of the cervical or thoracic esophagus, confined to esophagus and mediastinum with or without regional lymph node and supraclavicular lymph node, and ECOG Performance status $H_0-H_2$. Patients received radiation therapy with 5940cGy over 7 weeks and chemotherapy, consisted of 5-FU(1000 $mg/m^2/day$ in continuous infusion for 5 days, days 1 to 5 and days 29 to 33) and mitomycin C($8mg/m^2$ intravenous bolus at day 1). After concurrent chemoradiation, maintenance chemotherapy was followed with 5-FU(1000 $mg/m^2/day$ in continuous infusion for 5 days at 9th, 13th, and 17th weeks) and cisplatin($80mg/m^2$ intravenous bolus at the first day of each cycle). Results : From November 1989 to November 1995, 44 patients were entered in this study. After treatment, complete response rate and partial response rate were $59\%$ and $41\%$. Overall 1, 2, and 5-year survivals were $59\%$, $38\%$, and $9.6\%$(median 17 months), Prognostic factors affecting survival were response to treatment and T-stage. Among 26 complete responders, there were 6 local recurrences, 3 distant recurrences, 1 local and distant recurrence, and 2 unknown site recurrences Acute and chronic complication rates with grade 3 or more were $20\%$ and $13.0\%$ and there was no treatment-related mortality. Conclusion : Concurrent chemoradiation, compared with historical control groups that treated with radiation alone, improved median survival and did not significantly increase treatment-related complications. Complete responders had longer survival duration than partial responders. Predominant failure pattern was local failure. So, efforts to improve local control should be proposed.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2011

Purpose: With increasing medical use of radiation and radioactive isotopes, there is a need to better manage the risk of radiation exposure. This study aims to grasp and analyze the individual radiation exposure situations of radiation-related workers in a medical facility by specific job, in order to instill awareness of radiation danger and to assist in safety and radiation exposure management for such workers. Materials and Methods: From January 1, 2010 December 31, 2010, medical practitioners working in the radiation is classified as a regular personal radiation dosimetry, and subsequently one year 540 people managed investigation department to target workers, dose sectional area, working period, identify the job function-related tasks for a deep dose, respectively, the annual average radiation dose were analyzed. Frequency analysis methods include ANOVA was performed. Results: Medical radiation workers in the department an annual radiation dose of Nuclear and 4.57 mSv a was highest, dose zone-specific distribution of nuclear medicine and in the 5.01~19.05 mSv in the high dose area distribution showed departmental radiation four of the annual radiation dose of Nuclear and 7.14 mSv showed the highest radiation dose. More work an average annual radiation dose according to the job function related to the synthesis of Cyclotron to 17.47 mSv work showed the highest radiation dose, Gamma camera Cinema Room 7.24 mSv, PET/CT Cinema Room service is 7.60 mSv, 2.04 mSv in order of intervention high, were analyzed. Working period, according to domain-specific average annual dose of radiation dose from 10 to 14 in oral and maxillofacial radiology practitioners as high as 1.01~3.00 mSv average dose showed the Department of Radiology, 1-4 years, 5-9 years, respectively, 1.01 workers~8.00 mSv in the range of the most high-dose region showed the distribution, nuclear medicine, and the 1-4 years, 5-9 years 3.01~19.05 mSv, respectively, workers of the highest dose showed the distribution of the area in the range of 10 to 14 years, Workers at 15-19 3.01~15.00 mSv, respectively in the range of the high-dose region were distributed. Conclusion: These results suggest that medical radiation workers working in Nuclear Medicine radiation safety management of the majority of the current were carried out in the effectiveness, depending on job characteristics has been found that many differences. However, this requires efforts to minimize radiation exposure, and systematic training for them and for reasonable radiation exposure management system is needed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2006

There was cross-sectional study on investigating the factors related asbestos-related disease on chest radiograph of workers exposed to asbestos in ship repair. According to Occupational Safety & Health Administration asbestos standard, medical surveillance, chest radiologic study, pulmonary function test and medical questionnaire are performed in 118 subjects exposed to asbestos for 10 years or more in ship repair. The sixteen out of 118 subjects $(13.6\%)$ were observed asbestos-related disease finding on chest radiography. Significant factors related to those finding on chest radiography were abnormal pulmonary function test, cough, sputum, past history of respiratory disease, work duration. Workers with Significant factors related asbestos-related disease finding on chest radiography should be managed on a strict program. Further, factors unrelated with asbestos-related disease finding on this study should be evaluated prospectively for medical surveillance program of workers exposed to asbestos.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 1997

Purpose : Phospholipase C(PLC) isozymes play significant roles in signal transduction mechanism. $PLC-\gamma$ 1 is one of the key regulatory enzymes in signal transduction for cellular proliferation and differentiation. Ras oncoprotein, EGFR, and PKC are also known to be involved in cell growth. The exact mechanisms of these signal transduction following irradiation, however, were not clearly documented Thus, this study was Planned to determine the biological significance of PLC, ras oncoprotein, EGFR, and PKC in damage and regeneration of rat intestinal mucosa following irradiation. Material and Method : Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated to entire body with a single dose of 8Gy. The rats were divided into S groups according to the sacrifice days after irradiation. The expression of PLC, ras oncoprotein, EGFR and PKC in each group were examined by the immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The histopathologic findings were observed using H&I stain, and the mitoses for the evidence of regeneration were counted using the light microscopy & PCNA kit. The Phosphoinositide(PI) hydrolyzing activity assay was also done for the indirect evaluation of $PLC-\gamma$ 1 activity. Results: In the immunohistochemistry , the expression of $PLC-{\beta}$ was negative for all grøups. The expression of $PLC-{\gamma}1$ was highest in the group III followed by group II in the proliferative zone of mucosa. The expression of $PKC-{\delta}1$ was strongly positive in group 1 followed by group II in the damaged surface epithelium. The above findings were also confirttled in the immunoblotting study. In the immunoblotting study, the expressions of $PLC-{\beta}$, $PLC-{\gamma}1$, and $PKC-{\delta}1$ were the same as the results of immunohis-tochemistry. The expression of ras oncoprctein was weakly positive in groups II, III and IV. The of EGFR was the highest in the group II, III, follwed by group IV and the expression of PKC was weakly positive in the group II and III. Conclusion: $PLC-{\gamma}1$ mediated signal transduction including ras oncoprotein, EGFR, and PKC play a significant role in mucosal regeneration after irradiation. $PLC-{\delta}1$ mediated signal transduction might have an important role in mucosal damage after irradiation. Further studies will be necessary to confirm the signal transduction mediating the $PKC-{\delta}1$.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2000

The objective of recent radiation therapy is to improve the quality of treatment and the after treatment quality of life. In Korea, sharing the same objective, significant advancement was made due to the gradual increase of patient number and rapid increase of treatment facilities. The advancement includes generalization of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), application of linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and furthermore, the introduction of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Authors in this paper prospectively review the followings: the advancement of radiation oncology in Korea, the recent status of four-dimensional radiation therapy, IMRT, the concept of the treatment with biological conformity, the trend of combined chemoradiotherapy, the importance of internet and radiation oncology information management system as influenced by the revolution of information technology, and finally the global trend of telemedicine in radiation oncology. Additionally, we suggest the methods to improve radiotherapy treatment, which include improvement of quality assurance (QA) measures by developing Koreanized QA protocol and system, regional study about clinical protocol development for phase three clinical trial, suggestion of unified treatment protocol and guideline by academic or research societies, domestic generation of treatment equipment's or system, establishment of nationwide data base of radiation-oncology-related information, and finally patterns-of-care study about major cancers.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.219-235
• /
• 2006

Based on the fact that studies on the use of radiations have not been largely conducted reflected on the importance of the use of radiations, the survey was performed to investigate the attitude on the use of radiations for some university students who have a high level of knowledges among average persons in order to extract certain directions for the education program to provide right information. The survey was performed for 517 university students from Oct. 10 to Oct. 15, 2005. The results of this survey can be summarized as follows. 1. Students who have experienced in the radiation related education presented statical differences in the results according to the majoring and monthly incomes. 2. Regarding the survey on the attitude of the use of radiations, the item of 'I agree to build a general hospital or university hospital where I lives in' was presented as the highest points of $3.73{\pm}1.004$, and the lowest point was recorded in the item of 'I agree to build an atomic wastes treatment facility where I live in' as the point of $2.63{\pm}1.091$. 3. The level of attitudes on 'I agree to build an atomic power plant or atomic wastes treatment facility where I live in' presented lower levels than that of the attitude on 'I agree to build an atomic power plant or atomic wastes treatment facility in my country'. 4. The lowest level recorded in the level of attitudes on 'I agree to build an atomic wastes treatment facility where I live in 'presented a significant difference according to the sex and grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.777-783
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of tearing of the rubber when the spike of the syringe connector was connected to the bottle of the contrast medium composed of the rubber compound type and to investigate the presence of the synthetic rubber due to tearing and grinding and the size of the pulverized product when the pulverized matters rubber was detected. As a result, in the case of tearing degree, the front side of the first contact with the end of the syringe connector was torn more than the back side by about $3.14{\pm}0.04mm$, and the pulverized matters was detected on average 7 to 15 on the 10 contrast mediums. The average particle size was measured to be about $7.89{\pm}0.31{\mu}m$. In addition, it is necessary to develop a micro_filter type automatic injection system for blocking off the pulverized matters as well as additional experiments through various experiments and analysis methods, and it is considered that interest of related organizations will be needed in preparation of fatal accidents when pulverized matters is introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.843-849
• /
• 2022

In this study, the probability of secondary carcinogenesis was analyzed by measuring the exposure dose of surrounding normal organs during radiosurgery using a gamma knife. A pediatric phantom (Model 706-G, CIRS, USA) composed of human tissue-equivalent material was set to four tumor volumes of 0.25 cm³, 0.51 cm³, 1.01 cm³, and 2.03 cm³, and the average dose was 18.4 ± 3.4 Gy. After installing the Rando phantom on the table of the gamma knife surgical equipment, the OSLD nanoDot dosimeters were placed in the right eye, left eye, thyroid, thymus gland, right lung, and left lung to measure each exposure dose. The probability of cancer occurrence due to radiation exposure of surrounding normal organs during gamma knife radiosurgery for acoustic schwannoma disease was 4.08 cancers per 100,000 at a tumor volume of 2.03 cm³. This study is expected to be used as useful data in relation to stochastic effects in the future by studying the risk of secondary radiation exposure that can occur during stereotactic radiosurgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.697-704
• /
• 2021

It is hard to get Filaments which are materials of the 3D printing Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM) method as radiation shielding in Korea. and also related research is insufficient. This study aims to provide basic data for the development of radiation shields using 3D printing by evaluating the physical properties and radiation shielding capabilities of filaments containing metal particles. after selecting five metal filaments containing metal particle reinforcement materials, the radiation shielding rate was calculated according to the Korean Industrial Standard's protective equipment test method to evaluate physical properties such as tensile strength, density, X-ray Diffraction(XRD), and weight measurement using ASTM's evaluation method. In the tensile strength evaluation, PLA + SS was the highest, ABS + W was the lowest, and ABS + W is 3.13 g/cm³ which value was the highest among the composite filaments in the density evaluation. As a result of the XRD, it may be confirmed that the XRD peak pattern of the particles on the surface of the specimen coincides with the pattern of each particle reinforcing material powder metal, and thus it was confirmed that the printed specimen contained powder metal. The shielding effect for each 3D printed composite filament was found to have a high shielding rate in proportion to the effective atomic number and density in the order of ABS + W, ABS + Bi, PLA+SS, PLA + Cu, and PLA + Al. In this study, it was confirmed that the metal particle composite filament containing metal powder as a reinforcing material has radiation shielding ability, and the possibility of using a radiation shielding filament in the future.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Indoor air quality (IAQ) in the radiation treatment center which is generally located underground is important to the health of hospital workers and patients treated over a long period of time. this study was conducted to measure and analyze the factors related to IAQ and subjective symptoms of sick building syndrome, and to establish the causes influencing IAQ and find a solution to the problems. Methods and Materials : Self administrated questionnaire was conducted to check the workers' symptoms and understanding of the work environment. Based on a preliminary investigation, the factors related to IAQ such as temperature, humidity, fine particulate. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and radon gas were selected and measured for a certain period of time in specific sites where hospital workers stay long in a day. And we also evaluated the surrounding environment and the efficiency of the ventilating system simultaneously, and measured the same factors at the first floor (outdoor) to compare with outdoor all quality, All collected data were assessed by the recommended standard for IAQ of the domestic and international environmental organizations. Results: Hospital workers were discontented with foul odors, humidity and particulate. They complained symptoms related to musculo-skeletal system, neurologic system, and mucosal-irritatation. Most of the factors were not greater than the recommended standard, but the level of TVOC was third or fourth times as much as the measuring level of some offices in the United States. The frequency and the amount of the ventilating system were adequate, however, the problem arising in the position of outdoor-air inlets and indoor-air outlets involved a risk of the indraft of contaminated air. A careful attention was a requirement in handling and keeping chemical substances including a developing solution which has a risk of TVOC emissions, and repositioning the ventilating system was needed to solve the contaminated-air circulation immediately Conclusion We verified that some IAQ-related factors and inadequate ventilating system could cause subjective symptoms in hospital workers. The evaluation of IAQ was surely needed to improve the underground working environments for hospital workers and patients. On the basis of these data, from now on, we should actively engage in designs of the department of radiation oncology or improvement in environments of the existing facilities.