• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.309-316
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• 2019

The study was conducted to identify the relationship between the degree of water intake and xerostomia, halitosis, and oral microorganisms in 50 elderly living in the community and to utilize them as basic data for the development of a water intake enhancing program. The relationship between the general characteristics of the subjects and the variables was found to be statistically significant in both S. mutans and P. intermedia. There were statistically significant differences in P. intermedia among three groups with different water intakes. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to study the improvement of oral health after development and application of water intake enhancing program.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to measure the dental anxiety, the factors associated with dental anxiety and the utilization behavior of dental treatment. Modified dental anxiety scale(MDAS) and Dental fear survey(DFS) were used as measurement, where through the mean and the standard deviation were worked out and also the T-test and ANOVA were performed. In relation to MDAS, females and males showed the mean, '$2.86{\pm}0.06$' and '$2.49{\pm}0.06$' (p=0.000). Also, less than 20 and more than 21 showed the mean, '$2.81{\pm}1.01$' and '$2.61{\pm}0.99$' (p=0.023). In relation to dental utilization behavior, the subjects were classified into three groups, a group who uses dental clinics periodically, a group who uses them only when problems arise, and a group who has not ever used them. MDAS indicated a higher value in the group who use dental clinics only when problems arise, which was significant statistically (p=0.000). In the case of MDAS, many respondents answered that they felt anxious in the process of actual treatment; in the case of DFS, they felt anxious due to the factors that cause irritation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and its association with suicide attempts among clinically depressed adolescents in Korea. Methods : In total, 113 depressed adolescents aged 12-18 years in South Korea were enrolled in this study. We assessed sociodemographic and clinical characteristics including suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) using various self-reported scales and semi-structured interview for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were compared between NSSI and non-NSSI groups. We examined significant predictors of suicide attempts using logistic regression analysis. Results : Among 113 depressed participants, 48 (42.1%) adolescents were classified into the NSSI group. In the NSSI group, there were significantly more females, showed higher depression, higher state-anxiety, and more suicide ideation. The most predictive factors of suicide attempts were history of NSSI, observed suicide/NSSI behaviors of their family or friends, and total state anxiety score. Conclusions : NSSI is more common problem among clinically depressed adolescents and history of NSSI is a significant predictor of present suicide attempts. To include the assessment of NSSI for clinically depressed adolescent may be crucial for intervention programs for high risk adolescents of suicide in Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze level of dental health knowledge and behavior in elementary student, school health educators should encourage students to have continuous dental care habits for lifelong dental health with practical education. Methods: The subjects in this study were 490 students of four-year, fifth-year and sixth-year from elementary school in Daegu areas. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 26, June to 27, June 2006. Collected data were analyzed into frequency and Chi-square test using Spss 10.0 program. Result: Level of dental health knowledge were high as 57.8% in high groups, dental health behavior were high as twice a day in toothbrushing, over three times in visiting frequency of dental clinic for one years and once time of a day in intake frequency of cariogenic food. dental health knowledge by an academic years and sex were significant difference all of four-year, fifth-year and sixth-year. dental health behavior by an academic years and sex were significant difference in visiting frequency of dental clinic for one years and in intake frequency of cariogenic food by an academic years, male and female were significant difference in toothbrushing of a day. relationships of dental health knowledge and behavior were significant difference in intake frequency of cariogenic food.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish trail use impact indicators, and evaluate the degree of use impact based on the understanding of the causality among the impacts on the spot. Theoretical reviews developed three indicators in terms of three ecological impacts, four physical impacts, and five sociological impacts, respectively. With this indicators, observation and questionnaire survey were employed on Gwanak Mountain Trail to measure the levels of impacts forementioned. As for the ecological impact, Some loss of ground cover vegetation was reveled near the trail due to trail use, however the level of disturbance by the naturalized and exotic plants was insignificant. Physical impacts such as soil hardness, enlargement of trail width were found intensified. The result of measuring sociological impacts showed visitors had expected higher level of crowding and encounters before their visit, therefore overall satisfaction level was positive, despite higher awareness level of actual crowding. Intensified continuing use of the trail is aggravating ecological and physical impacts on Gwanak Mountain trail, because of its location in a metropolitan area. Sociological impacts seem favorable at present, however if ecological and physical impacts were deteriorated, sociological impacts would also be affected. To maintain the quality level of use experience, managerial efforts to improve climbing culture as well as ecological and physical environment such as restoration of damaged areas are needed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.114-127
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• 2016

The study, focused on social commerce food service consumers, attempted to test the relationship between perceived risk and price consciousness, and suggested that perceived risk and price consciousness, the the degree to which price is considered when purchasing goods, affect reuse intention. Through such test results, the study aimed to provide useful practical implications for establishing marketing strategies of companies related to food service social commerce, and those looking into behavioral intentions of social commerce using food service consumers. The subjects of the study were male and female residents of Korea over 2-years of age who have had some experience purchasing a dining out item through social commerce. The social commerce company selected for sampling was Coupang, which was the number 1 shopping App in 2014 based on the number of yearly visitors. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on respondents who had indicated that they had experience purchasing foodservice goods through Coupang. The results revealed that source risk, privacy risk, psychological risk, and time-loss risk had negative influences on reuse intention. However, social risk and financial risk did not exhibit any influences. Price consciousness had positive influences on reuse intention. The study explored perceived risk and price consciousness as elements to affect continuous use of social commerce of foodservice consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.685-695
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• 2016

This study suggests different improvement practices of adolescents' multicultural acceptability to compare the factors influencing multicultural acceptability with elementary and middle school students. The data used in this study come from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Study(KCYPS) of the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI) comprising 4,092 responses from 5th grade elementary school students and 4th grade(middle school 2nd grade) of elementary school students. The study data were subjected to hierarchical regression analysis to give the following findings. First, Levels of Multicultural Acceptability were significantly different. Second, factors influencing multicultural acceptability for elementary school students and middle school students were different. Common factors were mother's education level, life's satisfaction, peer relationship, teacher relationship, and spirit of community. Factors for elementary school students's multicultural acceptability were subjective academic achievement, community awareness, experiences of cultural activity, and overseas visiting experiences. The factor for middle school students's multicultural acceptability was family/group travel experiences. Our findings highlight the importance of programs and education that are suitable for children's developmental level. Such peer group programs need to be offered for middle school students to achieve spirit of community and educational group program and various extracurricular activities to achieve community awareness and develop a spirit of community for elementary school students.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 1999

Objective : Postpartum depression(PPD) was known to be caused by many factors including various psychosocial risk factors. This study was performed to identify the psychosocial risk factors for ppd, preliminarily in Korea. Methods : A group of 119 postpartum women, each of whom was at 6 to 8 weeks after delivery was identified at the time when they visited to the child health clinic or postnatal check-up clinic. The risk factors were surveyed by the self-reported questionnaire. The items of questionnaire were consisted of known risk factors in other studies and other possible stress-related factors. PPD was assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) and the degree of postpartum depression was determined by its score. Results : 16 women(13.45%) in the high risk group were diagnosed as PPD among the 119 women. Risk factors including past experience of depressive symptoms and low level of marital satisfaction were founded more frequently in women in the high risk group than in the low risk group. The score of EPDS was significantly high in the group who experienced depressive symptoms in the past, anxiety or depression during pregnancy, stressful life event during the period of recent pregnancy and postpartum, and who had low level of marital satisfaction. There was a positive correlation between age and the score of EPDS. However, the postpartum depressive symptoms were not influenced by the level of education, job, retirement due to pregnancy and delivery, wanted or unwanted pregnancy, delivery method, feeding method, the hospitalization of infant, expected and real gender of infant. Conclusion : These results suggest that PPD is quite frequent at postpartum period. Various risk factors contribute to the development of PPD. If clinicians pay attention to the risk factors of PPD and give appropriate psychiatric intervention to the mothers during pregnancy and postpartum, it will be easy for the clinicians to recognize and treat PPD in the early stage.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of verbal violence against dental hygienists, their emotional reaction and the relation between their intention of job transfer and verbal violence so that it could offer the basic data for developing the way how to cope with verbal violence and for improving their performance. Two hundred fifty-seven dental hygienists working for dentists' in Busan were interviewed from May 17 to 31, 2014 to collect data, of which analysis was as follows: 1) As a result of verbal violence done by patients and their guardians, 80.5% said that they experienced crude language with 17.5% forceful and imperative sentence, and 13.2% ignorant statements about their job. They were exposed to verbal violence once or twice every 6 months. As a result of researching verbal violence of co-working senior or junior hygienists, 52.1% answered that their co-working senior or junior hygienists talked crude language and 38.1% said their co-workers happened to say crude language to them. The crude language experience was relatively high as 20.2% and once or twice a week. As a result of verbal violence done by dentists, 47.5% said that they've heard crude language and 34.6% said that they experienced forceful and imperative sentence. 2) The overall average of the intention to transfer their job was $3.06{\pm}1.03$, while the highest intention of job transfer was $3.11{\pm}0.91$ where they said I have once wanted to transfer my job. 3) As a result of seeing the relation among verbal violence, emotional reaction and the intention of job transfer, there was co-relation between verbal violence and the patients' age (p<0.01); there were also co-relation between verbal violence of patients, co-workers and dentists (p<0.01). There was also significant relation between emotional reaction on verbal violence and their intention of job transfer (p<0.001).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 1993

Visitors to Sobaekson National Park were surveyed from August 6 to 9 and from October 16 to 18. During this time. 773 visitors were contacted. Of those individuals, 61.7% were males. 40.8% of respondents reported that they had gone beyond high school. and almost one-half (46.9% ) had gone as far as college. 52.8% were 20 years of age. Over one-half (55.8% ) of the survey respondents were making their first trip to Sobaeksan National Park. The largest percentage of respondents were reported that they visited Sobaeksan Nat'l Park for enjoying natural landscape. In group type, 62% were traveling with their asociates or friends. In activity characteristics. 62.9% were day-time visitors, and 37.8% mentioned carrying in their own food. The majority of visitors perceived that landscape interpretation boards were useful to understand Sobaeksan Nat'1 Park. Most respondents were not likely to intervene to stop other visitors' depreciative behavior.