• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

Bottle cultivation was conducted to clarify varietal differences and physiological characteristics of oyster mushroom under different temperatures. Mushroom pinheading and yield in each temperature showed different results according to the strains. Specially, Weonhyeong3-ho could not sprout over $16.5^{\circ}C$, but after pinheading at $13^{\circ}C$, its fruitbody was able to grow normally at all tested temperatures. Sambok, a high temperature strain, sprouted at $10^{\circ}C$ and then withered up. Fruitbody of this strain obtained at $13^{\circ}C$ could not grow normally at $10^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ conditions. Colour of fruitbodies turned close to white at high temperature. On the other hand, at low temperature, strains with gray fruitbody changed close to black and those with brown fruitbody turned to dark brown. With regards to fruiting trait, pinheading aspects were good even at low temperature. Those were, however, uneven and sprouted in patches and resulted in low quality and productivity as the temperature increased. When black fruitbody at $13^{\circ}C$ were moved to $23^{\circ}C$ and then to $13^{\circ}C$ again, colour of fruitbody turned to white and then recovered to blackish gray. These results confirmed that the colour of fruitbody responds to cultivation temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2007

This study was carried out to obtain the several data for improving the seed supply in Pinus densiflora. Seed characteristics and germination properties according to change of cone production from 2003 to 2006 were analyzed in three plus stands of P. densiflora. P. densiflora showed good production at interval of two years in the periodicity of seed production. Seed potential and percent of filled seed (PFS) among the major seed characteristics showed positive relations to the change of cone production, whereas percent of developed seed (PDS) and seed efficiency showed opposite trend. As a result of regression analysis between seed characteristics and cone production, seed potential ($R^2=0.682$, p<0.01) and PFS ($R^2=0.161$, non-significant) presented positive correlation with cone production while PDS ($R^2=0.418$, p$R^2=0.308$, non-significant) presented negative correlation. In germination properties percent of germination (PG) showed similar tendency to cone production, while mean germination time (MGT) showed opposite tendency. As a result of regression analysis between germination characteristics and cone production, PG showed positive correlation, whereas MGT showed negative correlation. Therefore, we could expect high germination percentage and short period for germination when we harvested cones at good cone production time.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2006

Purpose: Accurate clinical evaluation of the alignment of the calcaneus relative to the tibia in the coronal plane is essential in the evaluation and treatment of hindfoot pathologic condition. Previously described standard anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographic methods of the foot or ankle do not demonstrate alignment of the tibia relation to the calcaneus in the coronal plane. The purpose of this study was to introduce hindfoot coronal alignment view. Material : 1) Both feet were imaged simultaneously on an elevated, radiolucent foot stand equipment. 2) Both feet stood on a radiolucent platform with equal weight on both feet. 3) Both feet are located foot axis longitudinal perpendicular to the platform. 4) Silhouette tracing around both feet are made, and line is then drawn to bisect the silhouette of the second toe and the outline of the heel. 5) The x-ray beam is angled down approximately $15^{\circ} to $20^{\circ} Result : 1) This image described tibial axis and medial, lateral tuberosity of calcaneus. 2) Calcaneus do not rotated. 3) The view is showed by talotibial joint space. Conclusion: Although computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are capable of demonstrating coronal hindfoot alignment, they lack usefulness in most clinical situations because the foot is imaged in a non-weight bearing position. But hindfoot coronal alignment view is obtained for evaluating position changing of inversion, eversion of the hindfoot and varus, valgus deformity of calcaneus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.198-202
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• 2018

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of germination and temperature on the antioxidant activity of coffee. Green beans were germinated at 20 and $40^{\circ}C$. Germinated green beans were dried and roasted. Ground coffee was brewed at $90^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. Coffee samples were analyzed for antioxidant compounds and for its antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in coffee brewed with coffee beans germinated at $20^{\circ}C$ (CG20) were significantly higher than those in coffee brewed with non-germinated coffee beans (CNG). The same tendency was observed on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assays. TPC and TFC of coffee brewed with germinated coffee beans decreased with an increase in germination temperature from 20 to $40^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, germination of coffee beans contributes to an increase in its antioxidant activity. However, setting the appropriate temperature for germination is an important factor in determining the antioxidant activity of coffee.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2000

The influence of the 2-(4-(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy)-N-phenyl- propionamide derivatives on the herbicide activities against rice plant with pre-emergence and post-emergence in down land were examined and the structure activity relationship (SAR) were analyzed by Free-Wilson and Hansch method. In pre-emergence, the SAR approach is shown that the optimal, $({\pi})_{opt}=0.91$, hydrophobicity with electron donating effect of the ortho substituted mono substituents and 2,3,4-substituted three substituents were found to be contribute the herbicidal activity. Whereas, in post-emergence, the optimal, ({\pi})_{opt}=0.50$, hydrophobicity with electron withdrawing effect of meta substituted mono subsituents and 2,3-substituted two substituents were found to be contribute the herbicide activity. The herbicide activities with post-emergence more increase than that of pre-emergence. It is assumed from the SAR equations that the 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-cyano group substituent is selected as the most lowest herbicide activity against rice plant with post-emergence in green house. The hydrolysis reaction was proceeded through nucleophilic addition-elimination (Ad_{Nu-E})$ with the orbital control between LUMO of substrate and HOMO of water molecule. And molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of none (H) substituent was discussed.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.235-248
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• 2017

This study was initiated to investigate seed germinating vigor, germination speed, and establishment characteristics of Festuca species under natural conditions ($5-25^{\circ}C$). Germination rate was 62.0% in CRF 'Audubon' to 97.0% in TF 'Olympic Gold'. It was greater with TF over fine-type fescues, being TF>SF>CF, HF>CRF. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% through 80%, was fastest with TF, medium to high with CF, medium with HF and SF, and slowest with CRF. However, it was approximately 4 days slower under natural conditions, as compared with that under alternative conditions ($15-25^{\circ}C$). Germination peak time was much faster with TF. It ranged from 0.73 to 1.84 days with TF, being 1.45 days in average. But it varied with 2.16 to 11.75 days among fine-type species. The peak time was longer in order of SFCF>SF>HF>CRF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 70% ethanol extracts of various germinated-rough rice cultivars: ('Ilpum', 'Goami2', 'Keunnun', 'Sulgaeng', 'Baegjinju', and 'Heugkwang') on proliferation of human cancer cell lines (MKN-45, HCT116 and NCI-H460). Antiproliferation effects of rough rice on different cancer cell lines were higher in after germination than before germination. The viability of HCT-116 colon cancer cells was lowest at 18.89% in after germination of 'Heugkwang' at 1.0 mg/mL. The cell viability of MKN-45 lung cancer cells and MKN-45 stomach cancer cells were in the range of 5~10% in after germination of 'Ilpum', 'Goami2', 'Baegjinju', and 'Sulgaeng', and 'Heugkwang' at 1.0 mg/mL. These results suggest that germinated rough rice might have a potential preventive effect on human cancer cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.527-533
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• 2003

This study was performed for increasing the consumption and developing the function of pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata DUCH.) seed. The changes of the contents of general chemical compositions, fatty acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-carotene during sprouting were analyzed. Also, the bitter taste, which was produced during sprouting, were purified by using thin layer chromatography and preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. The purified bitter compound was identified by mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance($^1$H '||'&'||' $\^$13/C-NMR). Weight of pumpkin seed sprout was increased to 348.4% and the length of stem was dramatically increased at 8 days. In each head and stem parts of the pumpkin seed sprout, the contents of protein and lipid were decreased, however, the contents of fiber, ash and soluble inorganic nitrogen were increased. The fatty acids of the pumpkin seed sprout were mainly represented as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. During sprouting, palmitic acid was gradually increased, reversely, linoleic acid was gradually decreased. The general amino acids of head part in the pumpkin seed sprout grown at 23$^{\circ}C$ during 8 days were orderly more contained glycine, alanine, arginine, cystein and proline. Those of free amino acids were orderly more contained arginine, threonine, alanine and glutamine. The contents of L-ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-camtene of the pumpkin seed sprout were gradually increased with increasing sprouting days. The bitter taste material of head part of the pumpkin seed sprout was detected at Rf value 0.72 on silicagel TLC plate and separuted as one peak by HPLC. The chemical structure of the puified bitter compound was identified as a cucurbitacin glycoside by MS and NMR. The content of bitter compound at 8 days was contained 42.2 mg per 1kg sprout head.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.766-777
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate inheritance modes of low temperature germinability(LTG) on rice. Two experiments were carried out: In experiment I, the seeds of 10 rice varieties yielded at the different cultivation conditions which were transplanted in a paddy field from May 20 to July 5 with 15-day interval, were tested at fixed temperature (13$^{\circ}C$) in-door and at field with natural conditions to find out the change of LTG according to different cultivating condition among the each variety, In experiment II, F$_1$ seeds of full diallal cross from six parents, were analyzed for combining ability and reciprocal differences of low temperature germinability. The results are summarized as follows. The seeds of 10 varieties showed significant differences of LTG at the different cultivation conditions, varieties and their interaction. And the relationship between LTG coefficient at 13$^{\circ}C$ and low temperature emergence(LTE) coefficient at field was highly significantly positive(r=0.511). From the analysis of the diallel cross, high significance was found at reciprocal difference and alpha inheritance. The mean squares of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability of LTG were highly significant with higher mean squares of GCA. Seventeen out of 30 cross combinations showed transgressive segregation.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ankle muscle strengthening exercise using BOSU ball and taping on static and dynamic plantar pressure in patients with hallux valgus. Subjects were 26 men and women in their twenties with hallux valgus, and they were randomly assigned to a taping group (TG; n=13) and an ankle strengthening group (ASG; n=13). Each group received the appropriate intervention over a total of 4 weeks, and static and dynamic plantar pressure were measured before and after the intervention. Independent T-test was performed to examine the difference in the amount of change between groups, and paired-sample T-test was performed to determine whether the difference between the pre-post values within the group was significant. The statistical significance level was set as α=.05. As for the ratio of the total body weight of the foot (Foot), the amount of change in the ASG of the left foot was significantly decreased compared to the TG within the group (p<.05). Significantly increased (p<.05). As for the degree of pronation of the foot (MP/change ratio), the amount of change in the TG of the right foot was significantly decreased compared to the ASG (p<.05), and in the force of the foot, the TG of the left foot was the amount of change within the group compared to the ASG. was significantly increased (p<.05), and in the group-to-group change, the amount of change in TG was significantly different than that of ASG (p<.05). Therefore, it can be considered that ankle strengthening exercise using bosu ball and taping are insufficient to give effective change to patients with hallux valgus.