• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.292-304
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain experimental data for the establishment of preventive measures against fire, as large and small fire accidents occur at production and storage sites of superabsorbent polymers developed for the convenience of daily life. Method: The sample container was fixed at 0.2m in both length and width, and was shaped into a rectangular cuboid with heights of 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, and 14cm to access an infinite flat plane. The sample container was fixed in the center of a thermostatic bath that was heated to a predetermined temperature according to a preset temperature control program. If the central temperature of the sample rose more than 20℃ above the set temperature, it was determined to have 'ignited', and if it remained similar to the set temperature, it was determined to have 'unignited'. Result: The critical autoignition temperature was calculated to be 212.5℃ for a sample container with a height of 3cm, 202.5℃ for 5cm, 192.5℃ for 7cm, and 177.5℃ for 14cm. The ignition induction time to reach the highest temperature was approximately 42hours for 3cm, 91hours for 5cm, 151hours for 7cm, and 300hours for 14cm. Conclusion:① As the size of the sample container increased, the autoignition temperature decreased and the ignition induction time to reach the highest temperature increased. ② The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 39.30kcal/mol, with a correlation of 99.5%.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.280-291
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• 2023

Purpose: As fire accidents happen at the production and storage sites of superabsorbent polymers for convenience of daily life, an experimental study was conducted to secure basic data to establish practical preventive measures against them. Method: The sample container (20cm width × 20cm length) was made into a rectangular cuboid with the heights of 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, and 14cm, respectively, to allow access to the infinite flat plane. The front and back of the container were covered with a 300-mesh stainless steel mesh for one-dimensional heat transfer. The sample container was placed in the center of the thermostatic bath, which was heated to a predetermined temperature by setting the thermostat program in advance, and it was determined to be 'ignited' when the central temperature of the sample rose by more than 20℃ above the set temperature, and "unignited" when it was maintained at an approximate value of the set temperature. Result: The critical autoignition temperature was calculated to be 217.5℃ when the height of the sample container was 3 cm, 212.5℃ when it was 5 cm, 202.5℃ when it was 7cm, and 187.5℃ when it was 14cm. The ignition induction time to reach the maximum temperature was 34hours for 3cm, 76hours for 5cm, 143hours for 7cm, and 318hours for 14cm. Conclusion: ① As the size of the container increased, the autoignition temperature decreased and the induction time to reach the maximum temperature increased. ② An apparent activation energy was calculated to be 44.92kcal/mol, with a correlation of 96.93%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.2 s.27
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

The thermochemical parameters for safe handling, storage, transport, operation and process design of flammable substances are explosive limit, flash point, autoignition temperature, minimum oxygen concentration, heat of combustion etc.. Explosive limit and autoignition temperature are the major physical properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. Explosive limit and autoignition temperature of methane fur LNG process safety were investigated. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosive limits of methane recommended 4.8 vol$\%$ and 16 vol$\%$, respectively. Also autoignition temperatures of methane with ignition sources recommended $540^{\circ}C$ at the electrically heated cruicible furnace (the whole surface heating) and recommended about $1000^{\circ}C$ in the local hot surface. The new equations for predicting the temperature dependence and the pressure dependence of the lower explosive limits for methane are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.50-56
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• 2009

Explosion limit and autoignition temperature are the major properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. Explosion limit and autoignition temperature for safe handling of ethylene were investigated. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of ethylene recommended 2.6vol% and 36vol%, respectively. Also autoignition temperatures of ethylene with ignition sources recommended $420^{\circ}C$ at the electrically heated crucible furnace (the whole surface heating) and recommended about $800^{\circ}C$ in the local hot surface. The new equations for predicting the temperature dependence and the pressure dependence of the lower explosion limits for ethylene are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

For the safe handling of ethylbenzene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of ethylbenzene in the reference data. And the lower flash points, upper flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of ethylbenzene by using Setaflash closed-cup and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented $20^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower flash points ethylbenzene by using Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented $25^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also, this study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for ethylbnezene. The experimental AIT of ethylbenzene was $430^{\circ}C$. The calculated LEL and UEL by using the measured lower flash point and upper flash point were 0.93 Vol.% and 7.96 Vol.%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.460-466
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• 2009

식용유 화재는 일반유류와는 달리 연소형태나 소화작업에 있어 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 최근 5년간 특수화재 가운데 원인별 화재 통계를 보면 식용유 화재의 발생빈도는 점점 증가하고 있지만, 식용유에 대한 화재 위험성에 관한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 식용유의 연소특성 알아보기 위하여 종류별 인화점, 연소점, 발연점에 대하여 클리블랜드 인화점 시험기를 사용하여 측정하였고, 최소자연발화온도 및 발화 비발화 영역 비교를 통한 발화한계 온도 곡선을 도출하였으며, 자연발화온도와 발화지연시간과의 관계를 측정하였다. 이 결과를 통하여 식용유의 화재 위험성 평가에 대한 기초적인 자료로써 제시할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

For the safe handling of 3-hexanone(ethyl propyl ketone), this study was investigated the explosion limits of 3-hexanone in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of 3-hexanone by using closed-cup tester were experimented at $18^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of 3-hexanone by using open cup tester were experimented in $27^{\circ}C{\sim}32^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for 3-hexanone. The experimental AIT of 3-hexanone was at $425^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit( LEL) by the measured lower flash point of 3-hexanone was calculated as 1.21 Vol%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2012

For the safe handling of n-nonanol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of n-nonanol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs (autoignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. As a results, the lower and upper explosion limits of n-nonanol recommended 0.8 Vol.% and 6.1 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash points of n-nonanol by using closed-cup tester were experimented $94{\sim}97^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of n-nonanol by using open cup tester were experimented $103{\sim}104^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for n-nonanol. The experimental AIT of n-nonanol was $270^{\circ}C$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2011

For the safe handling of cyclohexanone, the explosion limits at $25^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The lower flash points and AITs (auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition time delay for cyclohexanone were experimented. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of cyclohexanone recommended 1.1 Vol.% ($100^{\circ}C$) and 9.4 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash points of cyclohexanone were experimented $42{\sim}43^{\circ}C$ by using closed-cup tester and $49{\sim}51^{\circ}C$ by using open cup tester. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for cyclohexanone and the experimental AIT of cyclohexanone was $415^{\circ}C$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

For the safe handling of anisole, this study was investigated the explosion limits of anisole in the reference data. The flash points and auto-ignition temperatures (AITs) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of Anisole by using closed-cup tester were experimented in $39^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of Anisole by using open cup tester were experimented in $50^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for Anisole. The AIT of Anisole was experimented as $390^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit (LEL) by the measured the lower flash point for Anisole were calculated as 1.07 Vol%.