• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.217-223
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• 2004

Polydnavirus is a symbiotic virus of some endoparasitic wasps and plays crucial roles in inhibiting immune responses and retarding development of the parasitized hosts. Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) is a polydnavirus suggesting a major causative to change developmental physiology of the parasitized host. Here, we investigated whether CpBV can interrupt development of non-natural host. Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is used as a non-permissible host for parasitization of C. plutellae. Extract from the calyx region of C. plutellae contained CpBV, which was confirmed by immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody raised against CpBV. One female equivalent of CpBV extract was injected into hemocoel of late 4th instar larvae of S. exigua. The injected larvae showed delayed larval period, decrease of body weight gain, and inability of pupal metamorphosis. These inhibitory effect of the CpBV extract was rescued by injection along with CpBV antibody, though the antibody itself did not give any effect on development of the larvae. This result clearly shows that CpBV can interrupt developmental physiology of a non-natural host for its symbiotic wasp.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.18 no.6 s.202
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• pp.166-171
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• 1996

여름철이 되면 평균 기온이 27도씨이상 되는 무더운 날씨가 계속되고 장마로 인하여 습도가 높아지면 불괘지수가 높아져서 관리자들도 모든 일이 짜증스럽고 주위가 산만해지기 쉬운 계절이다. 또한 여름철에는 양돈장에 파리와 모기 등의 해충이 많이 발생하고 유해 가스가 많이 생기며 사료가 쉽게 변질되는 등으로 돼지의 사육에 직접 간접으로 불리하게 미치는 영향이 커서 발육이나 번식 능력을 떨어뜨리게 된다. 특히 돼지는 선천적으로 다른 가축에 비하여 땀샘이 퇴화되고 피하지방이 두껍고 체지방축적이 많은 관계로 더위에 매우 약하므로 무더움 여름철에는 신진대사와 호르몬 분비 조절기능이 비정상적인 경우가 많아 사료섭취량 감소, 발육 지연 및 번식 성적에 관련되는 발정, 배란, 수태율, 산자수 등이 감소하게 된다. 따라서 무더운 날씨가 계속되는 여름철에는 다른 계절보다 돼지의 사육에 적합한 온도, 습도, 환기 등에 많은 관심을 기울여서 쾌적한 사육 환경을 조성하여 생산성을 높일 수 있도록 하고 그 중에서도 여름철에 돼지의 수태율을 향상시킬 수 있는 관리 대책을 강구해야겠다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

The temperature-dependent development of Metcalfa pruinosa overwintering eggs was investigated at ten constant temperatures (12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, and $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, Relative Humidity 20~30%). All individuals collected before April 13, 2012 failed to develop into first instar larvae. In contrast, some individuals that were collected on April 11, 2013 successfully developed when reared under $20{\sim}32.5^{\circ}C$ temperature regimes. The developmental duration was shortest at $30^{\circ}C$ (13.3 days) and longest at $15^{\circ}C$ (49.6 days) in the fourth collected colony (April 26 2013). Developmental duration decreased with increasing temperature up to $30^{\circ}C$ and development was retarded at high-temperature regimes ($32.5^{\circ}C$). The lower developmental threshold was $10.1^{\circ}C$ and the thermal constant required to complete egg overwintering was 252DD. The Lactin 2 model provided the best statistical description of the relationship between temperature and the developmental rate of M. pruinosa overwintering eggs ($r^2=0.99$). The distribution of the developmental completion of overwintering eggs was well described by the 2-parameter Weibull function ($r^2=0.92$) based on the standardized development duration. However, the estimated cumulative 50% spring emergence dates of overwintering eggs were best predicted by poikilotherm rate model combined with the 2-parameter Weibull model (average difference of 1.7days between observed and estimated dates).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 1999

Exfoliation of the primary teeth and eruption of the permanent teeth is a normal and predictable physiologic process. The accurate prediction of tooth development is of major importance in treatment planning for children. Norms that correspond to the child's age and development have been determined by many investigators. However, there are a variety of factors that may hasten, retard, or otherwise affect the normal developmental process. Among the factors that influence tooth eruption is the premature loss of primary teeth. An abscess of a primary molar, followed by bone resorption and early extraction or exfoliation may lead to premature eruprion of the permanent succesor, and a variety of clinical sequelae. I, hereby present the patients who have prematurely erupted permanent successor in Seoul National University Hospital Pediatric Dentistry, and report the clinical and radiologic characteristics, its sequelae, proper managements, and followed up findings.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.601-608
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• 1996

Robinow syndrome or fetal face syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by short stature, mesomelic brachymelia, hypoplastic genitalia, and a typical facial appearence ("fetal face") with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, a short upturned nose, long philtrum, micrognathia, and macrocephaly. Intraoral features have included quite a few dental cavities, crowding, hypoplastic uvula, cleft lip or/and cleft palate, gingival hyperplasia, alveolar hyperplasia, enamel hypoplasia, delayed eruption, and congenital missing of the permanent teeth. We report on a 10 years old girl with Robinow syndrome. The patient had most of the typical anomalies of the syndrome and negative family history but, in addition, had mental retardation, hearing loss, and serous otitis media. Intraoral findings included dental cavities, crowding, hypoplastic uvula, repaired cleft palate, and mouth breathing. Dental treatment and V-tube insertion(by dept. of ENT) were performed under general anesthesia. In all cases of Robinow syndrome, thorough evaluation and united treatments with medical specialists should be performed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.644-651
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• 1999

It is a relatively common clinical experience to see an unerupted maxillary central incisor. This phenomenon is apparent at the dental age of almost eight years and over. Among the possible cause for failure of eruption, ectopic development of the tooth germ is mentioned. This is not fully understood but trauma or periapical imflammation of primary predecessors is accepted. The case with no history of trauma may be impacted by the periapical imflammation of primary predecessors. For bringing into the tooth eruption and the continued normal root developement by the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, there are early considered of surgical invention and orthodontic traction with removable appliance. We reported successful treatment for inverted maxillary central incisor with proper eruption and normal root developement by forced eruption using removable appliance. But further observation will be required to evaluate the final root developement state and amount of keratinized attachment gingiva.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1970

영유아 시기의 영양여하는 그 시기에 있어서 뿐만 아니라 일생을 통한 정신적 육체적 성장발육 및 질병에 대한 저항력, 이환율과 사망율, 그리고 국민 평균여명에 까지도 영향을 미치는 것으로서 그 중요성은 잘 알려져 있는 사실이다. 저자들은 우리나라에 있어서 이유기를 전후한 식품 섭취양상을 엿보기 위하여 전국을 도시, 읍, 평야, 산간 및 섬 지역으로 나누어 만 3세 미만의 어린이 304명을 대상으로 봄과 가을 2회에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 7개월까지는 모두가 모유를 먹고 있었으며 1예는 우유를 먹고 있었다. 8개월 이후 17개월까지는 약 10%에서, 18개월에서 23개월 사이에는 약 50%가 이유를 끝냈으며 30개월과 35개월 사이에는 84%가 이유를 완료하고 있었다. 2. 모유를 18개월 까지는 하루 4회이상, 그리고 그 후 30개월까지도 2회 이상씩 계속 먹이다가 그 후 갑자기 그치고 있었다. 3. 적절한 유동식이나 보조식등의 이유식이 없이 일반 성인음식을 그대로 먹이고 있었으며 동물성 단백질이나 지방질 섭취는 적었고 식물성 단백질음식도 묽은 국물 형태도 섭취하고 있었다. 4. 채소류와 멸치등은 쉽게 구할 수 있음에도 불구하고 충분히 보급받지 못하고 있었다. 5. 체중 및 신장의 신체계측에 의한 발육상태는 6개월 내지 12개월 경부터 뒤지기 시작하여 그후 계속발육지연을 보여주고 있었다. 6. 심한 단백 ${\ulcorner}$칼로리${\lrcorner}$ 영양실조증 환자가 1예 있었으며 다른 1예는 영양소모증 환자였다. 7. 상완위 측정결과는 3개월 이하의 남아를 제외하고는 모두가 충분한 크기에 달하지는 못했다. 8. 영양결핍양상을 신장에서는 지수 1이 5.9%, 체중에서는 지수 1이 8.9%, 2가 1.3%, 4가 1.0%로서 체중 전체로는 11.2%였고, 상박위에 있어서는 지수 2,3,4 가 도합 8.9%였다. 9. 1-3세의 유아 사망률은 12.3%였고 이유기 설사발병율이 19.7%였다. 이상의 결과로 우리나라 영육아들에 있어서 적절한 시기에 적절한 방법으로 이유를 실시하므로써 이 시기의 질병발생율 및 사망율의 저하를 가져올 수 있고 나아가서는 신체발육양상을 호전시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2017

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles is abnormally elevated. Hydrocephalus patients may show macrocephaly and delayed development. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the most commonly used treatment but ventriculoatrial shunt is another treatment option. This report discusses the dental management process employed for a 7-year, 6-month old patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt-treated hydrocephalus. This patient showed dental caries on the deciduous molars, facial swelling, macrocephaly and delayed development. Pulpectomy was performed on the deciduous molars under nitrous oxide sedation and mild protective stabilization. This patient did not appear to have any specific complications until the latest follow-up and was scheduled for the management of overall oral hygiene, development of permanent teeth, and craniofacial asymmetry through periodic follow-up. During dental treatment of shunt-treated patients, care should be taken to avoid applying excessive force to the catheter running along the patient's neck to prevent the displacement of the catheter. A referral to a neurosurgeon is recommended for patients with ventriculoatrial shunts for prophylactic antibiotics. As hydrocephalus patients grow, they may show craniofacial asymmetry or differences in the calcification of the permanent teeth, and require periodic oral and craniofacial assessment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.490-497
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• 2007

Odontoma is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor containing enamel, dentin as well as cementum and constitued 22% of all odontogenic tumors. Although the lesions are commonly asymptomatic, they may be discovered routine radiographic examination. Odontomas often cause disturbances in the eruption of teeth such as, impaction or delayed eruption, retention of primary teeth, or abnomalities in the position of the teeth such as tipping or displacement of adjacent teeth. Radiologically, odontomas manifest as a dense radiopaque lesion surrounded by a thin radiotransparent halo. However, in some cases, radiopacity was not quite clear and images of the teeth shadowed very tiny odontomas. And at early development stages of odontoma, calcification remains immature and is difficult to diagnose on radiographs. This suggests that when delayed eruption of the teeth is found, periapical radiographs should be taken to clarify whether any small area of radiopaque material exists. This case report shows tiny odontomas involving an impacted tooth and crowding and we remove the tiny odontoma surgically.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.251-255
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• 2000

The strict meaning of the term retarded eruption is that tooth eruption is delayed compared to its developmental stage. The etiological factors for it may be local, systemic or genetic. Its pathogenic mechanism is unknown in most cases. In cases of generalized retarded eruption without any clear reason, the general growth and development seems normal in all aspects and the teeth usually keep the normal eruption sequence. Usually the primary teeth may often be extracted hoping to provoke the eruption of the retarded teeth, only to be proved a failure. Consequently, the patient will be without teeth for many years, with loss of esthetics, loss of occlusal height and resorption of alveolar process. The primary goal in the treatment may therefore be to keep and maintain the primary teeth in good condition until they are naturally shed. This observation was done on 10 year 1 month old patient who were diagnosed as idiopathic retarded eruption through both radiographic and systemic examination and follow-up observation was done for 11 month.