• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4 s.109
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• pp.436-447
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• 2004

Wetland plants have evolved specialized adaptations to survive in the low-oxygen conditions associated with prolonged flooding. The development of internal gas space by means of aerenchyma is crucial for wetland plants to transport $O_2$ from the atmosphere into the roots and rhizome. The formation of tissue with high porosity depends on the species and environmental condition, which can control the depth of root penetration and the duration of root tolerance in the flooded sediments. The oxygen in the internal gas space of plants can be delivered from the atmosphere to the root and rhizome by both passive molecular diffusion and convective throughflow. The release of $O_2$ from the roots supplies oxygen demand for root respiration, microbial respiration, and chemical oxidation processes and stimulates aerobic decomposition of organic matter. Another essential mechanism of wetland plants is downward water movement across the root zone induced by water uptake. Natural and constructed wetlands sediments have low hydraulic conductivity due to the relatively fine particle sizes in the litter layer and, therefore, negligible water movement. Under such condition, the water uptake by wetland plants creates a water potential difference in the rhizosphere which acts as a driving force to draw water and dissolved solutes into the sediments. A large number of anatomical, morphological and physiological studies have been conducted to investigate the specialized adaptations of wetland plants that enable them to tolerate water saturated environment and to support their biochemical activities. Despite this, there is little knowledge regarding how the combined effects of wetland plants influence the biogeochemistry of wetland sediments. A further investigation of how the Presence of plants and their growth cycle affects the biogeochemistry of sediments will be of particular importance to understand the role of wetland in the ecological environment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2001

The utility tunnels are the important facility as a mainstay of country because of the latest communication developments. However, the utilities tunnel is difficult to deal with in case of a fire accident. When a cable burns, the black smoke containing poisonous gas will be reduced. This black smoke goes into the tunnel, and makes it difficult to extinguish the fire. Therefore, when there was a fire in the utility tunnel, the central nerves of the country had been paralyzed, such as property damage, communication interruption, in addition to inconvenience for people. This paper is based on the fire occurred in the past, and reenacting the fire by making the real utilities tunnel model. The aim of this paper is the scientific analysis of the character image of the fire, and the verification of each fire protection system whether it works well after process of setting up a fire protection system in the utilities tunnel at a constant temperature. The fire experiment was equipped with the linear heat detector, the fire door, the connection water spray system and the ventilation system in the utilities tunnel. Fixed portion of an electric power supply cable was coated with a fire retardant coating, and a heating tube was covered with a fireproof. The result showed that the highest temperature was $932^{\circ}c$ and the linear heat detector was working at the constant temperature, and it pointed at the place of the fire on the receiving board, and Fixed portion of the electric power supply cable coated with the fire retardant coating did not work as the fireproof. The heating tube was covered with the fireproof about 30 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.385-397
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• 2006

This study was conducted to establish the environment-friendly cropping system of soybean in paddy field with different soil textures. When the soybean was cultivated in paddy fields, growth responses of testing cultivars varied depending on soil texture and cultivation method. Growth responses of soybean in sandy loam tended to be better than those in clay, however the effect of high ridged cultivation was distinguished in clay loam. Especially, formation of rhizome nodule was significantly different depending on soils ; more numerous rhizome nodules were formed in sandy loam compared to that in clay. Plant heights of Taekwangkong and Eunhakong were highest in clay and sandy loam, respectively, while the number of pods and branches of Eunhakong were most in both soils. In clay paddy field, growth responses of Eunhakong were best among the testing cultivars, however high ridged cultivation was more appropriate to the cultivar compared to level row cultivation regardless of soils. Taekwangkong showed the highest leaf area indexes during whole growth stages. Leaf development of Daewonkong was suppressed in clay at early growth stage, while it significantly increased as growth stages progressed. Most retard leaf development was observed in early maturity cultivar, Hwaseongputkong, since it seemed to be seriously damaged by excess-moisture injury in both soils. Comparing the dry weight of top plants and roots, plant growth was more affected by soil texture than cultivation methods at early vegetative growth stage, via verses at R2 or R5 stages. In yield characters and yields at R8 maturity stage, pods number of Eunhakong was significantly higher than those of Daewonkong and Taekwangkong estimating to 107 and 124 in clay and sandy loam, respectively. The ratio of ripened seeds was highest in sandy loam in combination with high ridged cultivation, while the lowest in clay with level row. The yields of Deawonkong and Eunhakong were higher compared to other testing cultivars ranged from $l82{\sim}286kg/ha$ depending on soils and cultivation methods. In results, growth responses and yields of testing cultivars tended to be higher in sandy loam in combination with high ridge compared to clay with level row.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.312-321
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• 1987

To investigate the maternal and child factors associated with early detection of cerebral palsy, 74 mothers of cerebral palsy children who were born since January 1, 1980 and being treated at Taegu Rehabilitation Center for the Handicapped, Rehabilitiation Center of Taegu University, St. Paul Children's House and Pusan Welfare Association of Cerebral Palsy Children were interviewed from February to April 1987. There is no association between age of child when parents noticed the child's abnormality and educational level of father but it tend to be detected earlier when education level of mother is college or above compared with high school or under. There is a trend of earlier detection of child's abnormality although statistically not significant in case father is professional or managerial worker, monthly income of father is over \610,000, child is first-born, age of the parents is 34 years or under, child is a boy, and child has periodic well-baby check-up. The child's abnormality is detected earlier when mothers had 7 prenatal visits or more compared with those who had 6 visits or less (p<0.05). Parents noticed the child's abnormality first in 85.1% of the cases whereas doctors detected it first in 2.7% and this percentage was not different whether the child had periodic well-baby check-up or not. The first physician's diagnosis of the children was cerebral palsy in 36.5% and the rest was normal, need for observation, uncertain, etc. Parents took the child to doctor for diagnosis 2-3 months after they noticed the child's abnormality and after the child was diagnosed as cerebral palsy parents either took no therapeutic measure or brought the child to physiotherapy or acupuncture or gave herb medicine before they started specific rehabilitative therapy. For early detection of the cerebral palsy children, teaching of evaluation method for child development should be reinforced both in medical school and clinical training course and should train the specialist for diagnosis and treatment of crippling conditions. Also, public education is needed for the importance of early detection of crippling conditions and currently available methods for diagnosis and treatment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.159-181
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• 2006

This study is concerned on Why The Certified Security certification is needed and How to control the security quality to get better service to the clients. Theses days are required The Certified Certificate in all the industry. And in this point of view, the certified certificate is a kind of confirmation by an authority to the person who has how much special knowledge and practice in a certain field. Moreover, in the functionalism society the certified certificate system would be very positive effect to the related industry and society as official measurement by an authority. The security is freedom from fear and anxiety. Which means the security can not be operated in isolation from citizen's safe-living expectation, and which is also dealing with valuable human being's life. For getting the better purpose the security industry employees should have more organized special training and education. As my understanding the certified certificate exam system is the confirmation by an authority, the certified certificate is only neutral evidence to get the confidence and credit from the clients. In this point of view the core point is How to control The Certified Certificate by a credied authority.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1996

본 조사는 경기도 용인에 위치한 명지대학교의 남녀 대학생 202명의 대상으로 일반 환경과 혈철지질, 혈압, 체지방량 측정 검사를 중심으로 이루어졌으며, 조사 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자의 신체발달 상황을 보면 남자의 평균 신장과 체중 및 비체중치는 173.1cm, 65.9kg, 38.03이였고, 여자는 16.7cm, 52.4kg, 32.6로 한국인 성인의 표준치와 매우 유사한 수치였다. 체지방량 비율은 남자 16.4, 여자 24.0으로 나타 설별에 따른 차이가 뚜렸하였다. 2, 조사 대상자들의 수축기와 이완기의 혈압은 평균 $125\pm123mmHg,$ $77.2\pm11.1mmHg이고,$ 남자와 여자의 수축기 혈압은 각각 $132.3\pm1.9mmHg,$ $118.1\pm1.6mmhg로$ 정상 범위였다.확장기 혈압은 남녀 각각 $80.5\pm11.0mmHgm$ $73.9\pm102.m,Hg였으며$ 역시 정상범위에 포함되었다. 3. 혈청 지질의 검사 결과는 Tc는 남자 175.2mg/dl, 여자 183.6mg/dl로 나타났고 TG는 남자 108.4mg/dl, 여자 72.0mg/dl로 나타나 통RP적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. (p<0.05). 또한 HDL-C는 남자 59.6mg/dl , 여자 64.3mg/dl 로 성별에 다른 유의적인 차이를 보였고 (p<0.05), LDL-C도 역시 남자 93.9mg/dl, 여자 104.8mg/dl로 나타나 통계적으로 성별에 다른 차이가 뚜렷하였다. (p<0.01). 조사결과 다른 연령층의 성인과는 달리 TG를 제외한 TC, H이-C, L이-C에 있어서 남자가 여자 보다 더 낮은 수치를 보였다. 4. 혈압에 따라 세 그룹으로 분류한 후 혈청 지질과의 관계를 보면, 수축기 혈아이 증가함에 따라 TC, TG, LDL-C은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, HDL-C은 감소되었으나 통계적으인 유의성은 없었다. 이완기혈압의 겨우 89mmHg 이하 보다 90~94mmHg의 경우에 유의적으로 증가되었으며 (p<0.05) HDL-C은 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 5. 혈정 지질과 비만도의 관계는 남녀 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나 여자보다 남자에서 뚜fut이 나타났다. 남자의 겨우 TC의 수치가 KI에 따라 110% 미만일 때 $169.7\pm31.5mg/dl,$ 110~120%일 때 $193.8\pm36.8mg/dl,$ 120% 이상 일 때 $202.2\pm29.3mg/dl로$ 비만도에 따른 유의적인 증가를 (p<0.05)보여주었으나 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. TG의 수치는 남자의 경우 KI가 110%미만인 그룹은 $102.9\pm108.2mg/dl,$ 120% 이상인 그룹은 $112.2\pm40.0mg/dl로$ 비만도가 증가함에 따라 TG가 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 여자의 경우 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 남자의 경우 HDL-C은 비만도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나(p<0.05) 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 조사 대상자의 체지방량 측정결과 체기방률은 남자의 겨우 16.4% 여자의 겨우 24.0%로 나타나 여자의 체지방률이 남자보다 높았다. 7. 신체계측치, 혈압, 혈청 지질간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 TC, TG는 KI, BMI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였고 (p<0.01), HCL-C은 비체중, BMI, LBM, TBM와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, (p<0.01), KI, SBP와도 음의 상관관계를 보였다. (p<0.05), LCL-C는 KI와 유의적이인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며 (p<0.01) BF%, TBF, BMI와도 양의 상관관계를 나타냈었다. (p<0.05). 또한 LPH, Al는 모두 나이, 비체중, BMI, KI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. (p<0.01). 이상을 종합해 보면 본 조사 대상자들은 비만도가 높아질수록 혈청 지질 수준이 놓았으며, 이완기 혈압도 형철 지질과 상관관계를 나타났다. 대학생의 혈청 지질과 체지방에 대한 자료가 부족함을 고려할 때, 본 조사자료가 학생의 혈청지질의 체지방에 대한 기초 자료로서 이용될 것을 기대하며 보다 다각적인 연구가 이루어지기를 바라는 바이다.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.217-244
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• 2008

Consumers' overall satisfaction on a specific library use is inferred to be primarily accrued from their performance perception and use satisfaction on the library information service system as recent information technology is being rapidly improved and more libraries are being equipped with advanced information technologies. However, prior research has been conducted only on general library service quality and visitors' satisfaction, leaving the important aspects of visitors' library use and information performance perception. Thus, the objectives of this research are to examine the effect of library use patterns such as general visit for book reading and more professional information search, coupled with service quality, on the library users' performance perception on the information system that in turn, affects library use satisfaction on the same information system. More specifically, this study examines whether library visitors perceive differenltly the information system performance according to their library use patterns such that professional library users may have less positive on information system service due to their higher expectation or more positive perception on it due to variety of information uses and positive judgment on advanced information system. Next, three dimensions of service quality, consisting of interaction, outcome, and physical evidence quality in visitors' library use situations, are hypothesized to affect performance perception on library information system. Thirdly, the performance perception on library information system is hypothesized to influence the system use satisfaction while these two constructs are to affect visitors' overall satisfaction. we develop the following research model in accordance with the above theoretical reasoning. All variables used in this study(General Use Patterns, Professional Use Patterns, Interaction Quality, Outcome Quality, Physical Evidence Quality, Information Performance Perception, Information Use Satisfaction, Overall Satisfaction) were defined operationally based on the underlying prior studies. A survey was conducted with prepared questionnaires to about 400 visitors of a specific university library. Among them, 353 proper questionnaires were finally used for the analyses. Two-step approach was used to test the hypotheses. First, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to guarantee the validity and reliability of variables. The results showed that all variables had not only convergent and discriminant validity, but also reliability. Then, research model was examined with a structural equation using LISREL 8.30 version. The fitness of the research model was found to be within the acceptable level. The findings of this study are as follows. The professional library use pattern was found to affect the users' performance perception on the library information system while the general library use pattern was not. Second, three dimensions of service quality (interaction, outcome, physical evidence) were found to influence the information system performance respectively while none of them was not to information use satisfaction. Third, library users' performance perception on the information system operation was found to affect the information system use satisfaction, both of which also influence users' overall satisfaction of the library. The findings of this study suggest that contemporary libraries strengthen their advanced information system operation in a way of user orientation and more importantly maximize their visitors' utilization of information system, accompanying proper material and various program development. This study conceptualized the new constructs of library users' performance perception on the information system and information use satisfaction which could better explain library users' overall satisfaction. Thus, furture study related with library service could utilize the constructs of information system performance and satisfaction as well as the variety of library use patterns in the users' viewpoints.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

The functions and roles in the various fields of modern society are changing into the unified and multiplex structure, which is simultaneous and virtual communication environments beyond physical space and time, by the digital IT technology. The urban traffic system is also being intellectualized in order to solve urban traffic problems and convenient services by using digital IT technology. The bus, which is the one of the most common public transportation, are suffering in the decrease of bus service quality and the bus passengers rate because of the development of other public transportation systems such as the subway and electric railway and by rapidly increasing private cars. By recognizing these problems, many domestic and overseas cities are promoting to introduce the Bus Information System (BIS) to improve service quality of buses through the intelligent traffic system. According to the construction of this new information system called the Bus Information System (BIS), the new bus stop configuration system and design plans are being required to solve the existing bus stop information system. Therefore, this research was conducted to suggest an effective BIS configuration system plan and synthetic design goals based on the investigation the problems of the information system and the BIS configuration system for Busan city. Also, this research are conducted the below actions as follows: First, the literature survey was conducted, such as theoretical documents on the bus stop and the Bus Information System(BIS), Also, the design trend of the BIS was examined through domestic and overseas BIS cases studies. Scondly, the problems related to the information system in Busan city bus stops were investigated to investigate the present state and problems of the Bus Information System (BIS). Finally, as a result of this research, the effective BIS configuration system plan and design approach methods of bus stops were proposed for by Busan city based on the above investigation results.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.109-131
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• 2010

This research analyzed how the new and senior security guards employed privately are influenced on their task performance by the factors operated before task performance: cognitive state anxiety, physical state anxiety and state confidence which are the sub-factors of the Competitive State Anxiety(CSAI-II) according to the educational background, career, gender and athletic capacity. First, as for the new and senior security guards' state anxiety before task performance, the senior guards felt the cognitive anxiety more than the new guards, but there was not a distinct difference statistically. Therefore, it is estimated that there is little difference in the level of cognitive anxiety between the new security guards with insufficient career and the seniors. Second, the level of the physical state anxiety was shown higher from the senior guards than from the new ones and had a distinct difference. However, it seems to be derived from the extent of physical development as the seniors are at the time of vigorous physical development. Third, the level of state anxiety had no distinct difference between them statistically though the new security guards felt it higher than the seniors. Fourth, the state confidence was shown higher from the seniors than from the new and had a distinct difference statistically, also. Fifth, as for gender, the male and female guards did not have a difference so much in the cognitive and physical state anxiety, and state confidence. Sixth, as a whole, the state anxiety was highest as for the security guards with athletic capacity level 1 and 2. Those with the level 2, and 3 and the level above 7 felt it less than those with the level 5-6, which had a distinct difference in statistics. The manager of the new and senior security guards should make them dispel anxiety in piece of mind through physical and mental education encouraging them to have self-confidence, practical training, and psychological training based on the analysis of causes of various cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2003

To investigate the relationship between dietary attitude and healthy status of office workers in Seoul was to be researched for 389 subjects (male: 224 and female: 165). As a result showed 69.4% of them moderately healthy state and 55.0% had a great interest in health. About 41.6% of the respondents was nonsmoker and 74.8% of them drunk alcohol once or twice a week. Only 28.0% of them responded to have breakfast three to four times a week. About 71.0% responded to skip breakfast'. The main reasons for it were 'the lack of time'(46.5%) and 'habitually'(22.6%). The usually preferred taste of food was showed to be 'hot' for 40.3%, the highest percentage. An attempt of supplemental food was 66.0%. The reason for it was shown to be 'for relaxation'(51.7%), followed by 'for prevention and treatment of diseases (23.1%). On dietary habit showed the groups of married and professional people won the hish scores on it. And the groups of those doing exercise once or twice a week, those having a sufficient sleep and those kept in a good food habit showed the high scores on it. The older age group showed the good dietary attitude regardless of occupation.