• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.1551-1558
• /
• 2002

Purpose : Loss of hippocampal interneurons in dentate gyrus has been reported in patients with severe temporal lobe epilepsy and in animals treated with kainic acid(KA). Interneurons contain $Ca^{2+}$- binding protein parvalbumin(PV). The effects of kainic acid on parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons in dentate gyrus were investigated in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : Cultured hippocampal slices from postnatal day nine C57/BL6 mice were exposed to $10{\mu}M$ KA, and were observed at 0, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours after a one hour KA exposure. Neuronal injury was determined by morphologic changes of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus. Results : Transient(1 hour) exposure of hippocampal explant cultures to KA produced marked varicosities in dendrites of PV-IR interneuron in dentate gyrus and the shaft of interbeaded dendrite is often much thinner than those in control. The presence of varicosities in dendrites was reversible with KA washout. The dendrites of KA treated explants were no longer beaded at 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after KA exposure. The number of cells in PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus was decreased at 0, 8 hours after exposure. But there was no significant difference in 24, 48 and 72 hours recovery group compared with control group. Conclusion : The results suggested that loss of PV-IR interneurons in dentate gyrus is transient, and is not accompanied by PV-IR interneuronal cell death.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 1994

From December 1989 to February 1993, 108 patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers(NSCLC) were studied retrospectively to evaluate radiotherapeutic significance of serum levels of NSE. We considered elevated serum neuron specific enolase(S-NSE) level as one of the neuroendocrine features in NSCLC. Histopathologic evaluation revealed 86 squamous cell carcinomas, 11 adenocarcinomas.3 large cell carcinomas, 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 5 unknown pathology. Eight Patients had stage 1,40 stage IlIA, and 60 stage lIIB.S-NSE level greater than 15 ng/ml was considered as elevated, and below this considered as normal. All patients recieved radiotherapy as primary treatment modality. The responders to radiotherapy had significantly higher mean S-NSE level than non-responders (28.5 ng/ml vs 20 ng/ml, p=0.01). Overall 2-year survival rate(YSR) was 23.6$ \% $. According to radiotherapy response, 2 YSR for Patients with CR, PR, and NR were 39.2$ \% $, 28.6$ \% $, and 6.2$ \% $ respectively(p=0.001). 2 YSR for patients with elevated and normal S-NSE were 14.6$ \% $ and 31.7$ \% $(p=0.02). The patients with NR showed no difference in survival according to S-NSE level. When we considered all patients, S-NSE level showed no significant impact on response. But for squamous cell carcinomas alone, patients with elevated S-NSE had more responders(80$ \% $ vs 61$ \% $, p=0.05). There was no correlation between tumor characteristics and S-NSE level. But the patients with elevated S-NSE had more patients with higher nodal stage, Based on our and other datas, NSCLC with neuroendocrine features have different response to treatment and clinical behavior compared to other NSCLC. Thus, this subgroup may need different treatment modality, and S-NSE level may have prognostic significance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1992

Fifty rice varieties were tested for alkali digestibility of milled rice grain at four different KOH levels, and twenty-four varieties selected were tested again for alkali digestibility at different degrading times and KOH levels. Gelatinization rate at several heating times and heating temperatures, and water absorption rate at 21$^{\circ}C$ and 77$^{\circ}C$ water temperatures were observed using rice samples of twenty-four varieties to clarify the relationship between alkali digestibility response, gelatinization rate and water absorption rate. Varietal difference of ADV in Japonica and Tongil tye rices was biggest at KOH 1.2%, but it was better to test at KOH 1.2% and 1.4% levels to know the exact alkali digestibility response of rice varieties. Rice varieties tested could be classified into three groups, low, intermediate and high, based on their alkali digestibility response at four KOH levels, and most of Korean cultivated rice varieties were belonged to intermediate or high ADV group. Varietal variation was also found in alkali degrading response at different soaking times in alkali solution. Low ADV varietal group showed higher gelatinization temperature and needed longer heating time for complete gelatinization compared with intermediate or high ADV group. Same trends was found between intermediate and high ADV groups, but varietal variation in the same ADV group was also found in gelatinization temperature and heating time needed for complete gelatinization of rice grain. Water absorption rate of low ADV group was lower than intermediate or high ADV group both at 21$^{\circ}C$ and 77$^{\circ}C$ water temperatures, and intermediate ADV group showed lower absorption rate than high ADV group only in initial water absorption stage at 21$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2003

This experimental research has been done to study the effects of Bojungikgi-tang(BJIKT) on the anti-allergic reaction. We found the several important results from the research which has been performed by two experiments toward immediately type and delayed type in order to study the effects of BJIKT on hypersensitivity response to mice. The results obtained from our research are as following: 1. The survival rate of one group to which we injected only the compound 48/80 is almost 0% according to its density and timing test. In the other hand, the survival rates of the other group to which we injected both of the compound 48/80 and BJIKT are 20%, 10%, 30%, 10%, 40%, and 70% according to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 0.5 and 1(mg/g) of compound 48/80. Time dependency test also shows the 10% and 0% survival rates in 5 and 10 minutes. 2. BJIKT revealed the significantly inhibitory effect on Compound 48/80 induced Mast cell degranulation. 3. BJIKT showed the significantly inhibitory effect in the delayed type hypersensitivity response to picryl chloride. 4. BJIKT showed the significantly inhibitory effect in the delayed type hypersensitivity response to sheep red blood tell. Our research provides the important evidence that BJIKT is benificial to the prevention and treatment of allergy related diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.538-546
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on muscular strength, pain, range of motion and fear-avoidance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients. The subjects of this study who received ACLR after arthroscopic injury were divided into two groups: NMES (n=14) and TENS (n=14). Each group received intervention after routine physical therapy. Each electrotherapy intervention was applied regularly for a total of 12 times, 3 times a day (30 minutes) for 4 weeks. The evaluation by intervention method included isokinetic muscle strength in flexion and extension of the knee joint, pain, range of motion of the knee joint, and fear-avoidance beliefs. The results showed significant improvement in pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance beliefs in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was a significant improvement in isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength only in the NMES group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two electrotherapy methods in muscle strength, pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance beliefs. These study results suggest that NMES and TENS can be effective intervention methods for pain, range of motion, and fear-avoidance response in patients with ACLR, but to improve muscle strength NMES may be more effective.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1993

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced against crude scolex extract of T solium metacestodes, and applied to ELISA-inhibition test for improving the specificity of serodiagnosis of human cysticercosis. Four hybridomas secreting species-specific anti- cysticercal Mabs (Cya-1, Cya-7, Cya-28 and Cya-31) were selected. Each Mab reacted on antigenic components of 25.5 kDa (Cya-1), 28 kDa (rcya-7), 87.5 kDa (Cya-281), and 12.5 kDa (Cya-31). IFA showed that Cya-1 was located at the calcium corpuscles, and Cya-7 at the loose connective tissue of T soLium metacestode scolex. Cya-28 and Cya-31 reacted on the tegument of the scolex. By conventional ELISA, 23 out of 28 (82.1%) cysticercosis patients were found serologically positive, but 1 out of 9 (11.1%) sparganosls cases and 6 out of 31 (19.4%) paragonlmiasis cases showed false positives. By ELISA-Inhibition test using species-specific anti-cysticercal Mab Cya-7, 19 out of 28 (67.9%) cystlcercosis cases were found serologically positive, but there were no false positives In other parasitic infections.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2010

Purpose : Adiponectin is an endogenous modulator of vascular remodeling that suppresses vascular inflammation. However, the role of adiponectin in Kawasaki disease (KD) has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum adiponectin level and several parameters, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, lipid profile, and C reactive protein (CRP), and to clarify the association between adiponectin and cardiac function. Methods : Twenty-two KD patients (22 patients in acute phase and 20 patients in subacute phase) were enrolled in the study group. The control group consisted of 31 subjects (13 febrile patients and 18 healthy children). Both groups underwent blood sampling and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Results : CRP was significantly increased in the KD group compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in serum $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and adiponectin levels between groups. However, a negative correlation was found between adiponectin level and CRP level or platelet count. Systolic myocardial velocity and A myocardial velocity measured by TDI were decreased significantly in the acute KD group compared with the subacute KD group and control group. Positive correlations were found between adiponectin level and systolic myocardial velocity or A myocardial velocity. Conclusion : In acute KD patients, low adiponectin level was related to severe inflammatory reactions and decreased left ventricular functions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 1992

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in moist soil and fresh water, enters the body via the nasal mucosa and migrates along the olfactory nerve to t he brain, where it causes acute amoebic meningoencephalitis. In the present study 7 clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against N. fowleri were produced and the effector function of them was investigated. Their isotopes were IgGl (Nf 1, Nf 154), 19G3 (Nf 137) and 19A (Nf 1, Nf 2, Nf 256, Nf 279). Five McAbs (McAb Nf 2, Nf 279, Nf 27, Nf 154, Nf 137) were specific for N. fowleri by ELISA and recognized the antigenic determinants located on the trophoBoite surface by IFAT and immunoperoxidase stain. These aye McAbs had capacity to agglutinate N. fowleri trophozoites and inhibited the growth of the amoeba in culture medium. McAb Nf 2 inhibited proliferation of trophozoites in vitro significantly. Also the cytotoxicity of JV. fowleri against CHO cell was reduced in the presence of McAb Nf 2 and McAb Nf 154. From these results McAb Nf 2 was confirmed to weaken the virulence of the amoeba among 7 screened McAbs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.697-708
• /
• 1999

Background : Leukotriene (LT) $C_4$, $D_4$, and $E_4$, the main components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), have been suggested to play an important role in bronchial asthma such as antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway hyperreactivity, and pulmonary eosinophil accumulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with the cysteinyl-LTs (cys-LTs) antagonist, pranlukast on allergen-induced guinea pig asthma model. Methods : Guinea pigs of treatment and placebo groups were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin(OVA) and challenged by inhalation of aerosolized OVA (1% weight/volume OVA). Normal control group did not sensitize with OVA. Oral ingestion of pranlukast and normal saline to the treatment and placebo groups was performed. In the treatment and placebo groups, airway resistance was measured before and after oral ingestion. Serum $LTC_4$ and eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchiolar and peribronchiolar tissues were measured after ingestion in the treatment and placebo groups. Results : Allergen-induced airway constriction developed in 20 (8 in treatment group, 12 in placebo group) among 35 guinea pigs. Airway resistance was significantly decreased at 3 and 6 minutes after OVA challenge in the pranlukast treatment group. In the placebo group, there was no difference of airway resistance between before and after saline ingestion. Serum $LTC_4$ levels showed 348.4 pg/ml in the treatment group, 373.9 pg/ml in the placebo group, and 364.4 pg/ml in the control group. There were no statistically significant difference between treatment and placebo group (p=0.232), and treatment and control group (p=0.501). Eosinophilic infiltrations in the peribronchiolar region per one-microscopic field ($\times$400 high power fields) demonstrated 7.06 in the treatment group, 19.2 in the placebo group, and 4.50 in the control group. There was significant decrement of eosinophilic infiltration in the treatment group which was compared with placebo group (p=0.001). Conclusion : These results demonstrate that pranlukast, a cys-LTs receptor antagonist, can attenuate allergen induced early-phase bronchoconstriction and eosinophilic infiltration in the bronchiolar tissues.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.5-9
• /
• 1978

이제까지 알려진 바에 의(依)하면 우리 나라에서 간(肝) 및 폐(肺)디스토마 분포양상(分布樣相)은 강원도지역(江原道地域)이 가장 저율(低率)로 나타난 것을 볼 수 있다. 그 이유(理由)로서는 이들 양흡충은 반드시 제(第)1 및 제(第)2중간숙주(中間宿主)를 통한 生活環(생활환)이 완성(完成)되어야만 하는데, 이들 중간숙주분포(中間宿主分布)가 강원도지역(江原道地域)이 낮은 까닭인듯 하다. 우연(偶然)한 기회(機會)에 저자(著者)는 강원도(江原道)의 일부지역(一部地域)은 폐(肺)디스토마의 감염(感染)이 적지 않다는 정보(情報)를 입수(入手)하고 이에 흥미(興味)를 갖게 되었으며, 특(特)히 농후감염지역(濃厚感染地域)으로 예상(豫想)되는 횡성군(橫城郡)의 일부지역(一部地域), 폐(肺), 청일면(廳日面) 신대리(里) 일대(一帶)와 서원면(面) 유현리(里)에서의 간(肝) 및 폐(肺)디스토마의 감염상(感染相)을 파악(把握)할 목적(目的)으로 본(本) 조사(調査)를 전도(全圖)하였다. 검사방법(檢査方法)으로는 일단(一旦) 간(肝) 및 폐(肺)디스토마의 VBS 항원(抗原)으로 피내반응검사(皮內反應檢査)를 실시(實施)하여 간(肝)디스토마 피내반응검사(皮內反應檢査)에 대(對)해서는 객담검사(喀痰檢査)와 면역혈청반응으로 보체결합반응(補體結合反應), 간접형광항체반응(間接螢光抗體反應) 및 Ouchterlony 반응(反應)을 하여 좀더 정확(正確)한 감염상황(感染狀況)을 파악(把握)하고저 하였다. 그 결과(結果)의 개요(槪要)는 아래와 같다. 1. 횡성군(橫城群) 신대리(里)와 우현리(里)의 주민(住民) 680명(名)에 대(對)한 폐(肺)디스토마의 VBS항원(抗原)에 의(依)한 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)은 12.4%이었고 간(肝)디스토마의 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)은 12.5%이었다. 2. 성별(性別)에 따른 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)의 차이(差異)는 간(肝)디스토마의 경우, 여자(女子) 7.4%에 비(比)하여 남자(男子)가 17.1%이었고, 폐(肺)디스토마의 경우는 여자(女子)가 20.7%인데 반(反)하여 남자(男子)가 42.9%로서 2배(倍) 이상(以上)의 고율(高率)이었다. 3. 연령별(年令別)로 보면, 간(肝)디스토마 피내반응양성율(皮內反應陽性率)은 31~40재(才)가 22.1%로 가장 고율(高率)이었고, 폐(肺)디스토마 양성율(陽性率)은 21~30재(才) 사이가 58.5%로서 가장 높았다. 4. 폐(肺)디스토마 피내반응양성자(皮內反應陽性者)에 대(對)하여 객담검사(喀痰檢査)를 실시(實施)한 바 105명(名) 중 11명(名)(10.5%)의 충란검출자(蟲卵檢出者)를 볼 수 있었다. 또 이들에 대(對)한 면역혈청반응(免疫血淸反應)으로 보체결합반응(補體結合反應), 간접형광항체반응(間接螢光抗體反應) 및 Ouchterlony 반응(反應)을 실시(實施)한 바, 각각 42.5%, 50.3% 및 45.8%로서 거의 일치(一致)된 성적(成績)을 나타내어 피내반응양성자(皮內反應陽性者)의 약반수(約半數)에서 이들 혈청반응(血淸反應)이 양성(陽性)으로 나타났다.