• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.42-50
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• 2007

This paper describes the results of experiments and numerical simulation studies on the low-velocity impact damage of two different sandwich composite panels for application to bodyshell and floor structure of the BIMODAL tram vehicle. Square test samples of 100mm sides were subjected to low-velocity impact loading using an instrumented testing machine at four impact energy levels. Part of this work presented is focused on the finite element analysis of low-velocity impact response onto a sandwich composite panels. It is based on the application of explicit finite element (FE) analysis codes LS-DYNA 3D to study the impact response of sandwich structures under low-velocity impact conditions. Material testing was conducted to determine the input parameters for the metallic and composite material model, and the effective equivalent damage model for the orthotropic honeycomb materials. Numerical and experimental results showed a good agreement for damage area and the depth of indentation of sandwich composite panels created by the impact loading.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1802-1803
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• 2011

The Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI) is developing the Bimodal-tram. The vehicle has a navigation control system (NCS) for automatic driving. The vehicle has to follow a reference path in automatic mode. NCS uses magnetic markers to calculate the vehicle position. The vehicle lane is marked with permanent magnets that are buried in the road. In this purpose, we show the characteristics and the configuration of NCS.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.78-81
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• 2011

Generally, vehicle is insulated from the earth by rubber tire which is intrinsically the insulation material. The electrical ground of vehicle was floated in the sense of electric potential over the electric power sources. First of all, the floated electrical ground of vehicle should be equipotentially connected with the (-) line of electrical equipment. Bimodal tram has the different kinds of electric system. They must be kept insulated to each other electrically. When there is some unbalanced event or connection between them, it will invoke some errors or breakdown to electrical devices including sensors and actuators. This paper has investigated the floating ground effect of bimodal tram built with composite body and shown the effect according to the unbalanced ground of vehicle and the connection between different electric systems.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2011

The rear of the vehicle generally overhangs the rear axle. As a result, the rear of a vehicle swings to the outside of the rear axle(rear swing-out). In front steering vehicles, rear swing-out is not important because rear swing-out values measured outside the rear edge are relatively small. However, in the case of the bimodal tram with AWS(all wheel steering), the rear swing-out values increase because of the rear steering at a reverse phase angle. Off-tracking is defined as the radial offset between the path of the centerline of the front axle and the path of the centerline of the following axle. In this paper, in addition to determine the turning performance of bimodal tram with AWS, turning radius, swing-out, off-tracking and swept path width were also investigated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.57-61
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• 2011

The bimodal tram was designed to drive on the dedicated track as well as on the public road. The position and speed are automatically controlled on the dedicated track by the onboard computer, whereas they are manually controlled by driver like motor vehicles on the public road. The ride comfort the passengers feel and the effect of the vibration generated during driving on the passenger's health, comfortableness and motion sickness were evaluated with driving the bimodal tram prototype in automatic and manual mode, respectively. The test was done in automatic mode on the test track with various load conditions while it was done in manual mode on the public road with empty load.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1760-1765
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• 2011

Recently, a variety of new transportation systems have been developed or introduced, but there has been a lot of confusion in the selection process of systems because there is no such domestic cases, and a lack of information on the systems. It does not make sense to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the systems in a single frame because each system has different characteristics and purposes. It is important to compare the relative values of the systems considering the status of the project site, transport demand, costs, and environmental aspects of cities. In the present paper, the operational system and infrastructure technologies of the bimodal tram developed in Korea were investigated. Based on this, the values for the bimodal tram was compared with similar new transportation systems through several practice cases. It is expected to promote in the practical use of the bimodal tram through this study.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

The train travels on the track and, thus, the rear wheels precisely follow the paths of the front wheels. On the contrary, in the vehicles running on the road like automobiles, buses and trucks, the front wheels try to drag the rear ones toward them and across the inside of the curve. Off-tracking is defined as the radial offset between the path of the centerline of the front axle and the path of the centerline of the following axle. In the case of the bimodal tram with AWS(all wheel steering), the off-tracking decrease but the rear swing-out values increase because of the rear steering at the reverse phase angle. Thus, in order to determine the swept path width, maximum road width at the minimum turning radius, off-tracking and swing-out should be considered for the bimodal tram. In this paper, trajectory simulations were carried out for the various condition such as front steering, front and rear steering and suppression of swing-out to optimize the swept path width.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.756-761
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• 2010

Bimodal trams are run by a guidance system and combine the functions of buses and trains. The trams have been highlighted as an alternative means of public transportation due to their accessibility, mobility, and arrival accuracy. While bimodal trams can be implemented on existing roads or by road expansion, with the narrow road conditions in Korea, studies must be performed in advance on suitable lane and platform locations and the exclusivity of lane use. This paper proposes plans for the location of bimodal tram lanes and platforms, whether in the median or at the road’s edge. In addition, methods of efficient bimodal tram operation are discussed, including the implementation of exclusive tram lanes.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2283-2291
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• 2010

This paper evaluated the effectiveness for the case of it introduced the bimodal tram for the capital area adaptability of the bimodal tram in the limelight as the new transportation means of the next generation for capital area major transportation corridor. The KTDB with 1,142 zones was utilized for the analysis and the major transportation axis around the main road in which the traffic is high. The analysis index selected around the transportation index in which it can show up by the bimodal tram application and the decrease rate of the road traffic density, the travel time change, the carbon emission quantity change, and etc. was chosen as a result. It was analyzed as the axis in which the bimodal tram adaptability effect that it is high with the section this relative including the major analyzed result west AnSan IC~ Songsan Bridge, the SuWon terminal ~ SaDang station, the UiJungBu terminal ~ DoBongSan station, and etc. can be appeared and it was predicted that the travel demand reduction on the road of about 4~6% showed up.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.455-460
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• 2010

Recent increases in the road and rail infrastructure, but the urban traffic problems such as accidents, congestion are increasing. The reason is that the high cost and lack of accessibility of railway transportation, the low quality of road services, and efficient transport links, etc.. The developments of a variety of policy and technical means are being performed to solve these problems. Among them, the Bimodal Tram which is combined low-cost of bus and high service quality of railway transportation is attracting attention. In this paper, the development status of technology and efficient utilization of operational and infrastructure elements for the operational efficiency, safety and passenger comfort of Bimodal Tram is studied.