• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.136-137
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• 2011

가금질병연구회(회장 송창선)가 지난 2일 천안상록리조트에서 150여명의 회원 및 농가들이 참석한 가운데 개최되었다. 가금질병연구회는 매년 두 차례 양계질병을 주제로 세미나를 개최하고 있다. 금년에는 아쉽게도 AI와 구제역 발생으로 전반기에 열리지 못했고 이번에 개최하게 되었다. 가금질병연구회는 신진 양계수의사들은 물론 원로 수의사들까지 함께 모여 최근에 문제가 되고 있는 질병에 대해 발표하고 서로 토론하는 자리를 갖고 있을 정도로 폭넓은 활동을 벌이고 있다. 농림수산검역검사본부와 한국양계수의사회가 함께 주관을 하고 있는 가금질병연구회 세미나는 명실 공히 양계질병 분야를 이끌어가는 중심축으로 자리잡아가고 있다. 이날 세미나는 오경록(남덕쎄니텍) 박사와 김선중(바이오포아) 박사가 좌장을 맡아 진행했으며 세균성 질병으로는 살모넬라와 장염, 바이러스성 질병으로는 고병원성조류인플루엔자(HPAI)와 뉴모바이러스에 대한 발표가 있었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to describe the clinical manifestations of hospitalized children due to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection Methods: This study included 40 children who were hospitalized for varicella or herpes zoster at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 2009-2012. Diagnosis of VZV infection was confirmed by VZV PCR or culture from vesicular fluid. Medical records were reviewed to collect clinical features and outcome, antiviral treatment, history of varicella vaccination, and underlying diseases. Results: Sixteen patients with varicella and 24 patients with herpes zoster were included. Their median age was 10.5 years (16 days-19 years). Thirty-five (87.5%) patients had underlying diseases. Among 24 patients with herpes zoster, 11 patients had previous history of varicella and 1 had herpes zoster. Twenty patients (50%) had a history of varicella vaccination, and 19 immunocompromised patients had VZV infection despite of vaccination. Most (95%) patients were treated by intravenous or oral acyclovir, and no treatment failure of intravenous acyclovir was found. The median duration of fever was 4.4 days (1-10 days), and that of antiviral treatment was 12 days (7-23 days) in immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients received longer duration of antiviral treatment than imunocompetent patients (P=0.014). Eleven (27.5 %) immunocompromised patients had postherpetic neuralgia, 2 (5%) had proven co-infection by Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella oxytoca, and 1 (2.5%) complicated with pneumonia. Conclusion: Immunocompromised children require longer duration of treatment and are at risk of severe complication associated with VZV infection. Early initiation of antiviral therapy and close monitoring are necessary for those in immunocompromised conditions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess clinical practices related to the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute gastrointestinal infection(AGI) in infants and children. This survey also evaluated the current opinion regarding the use of rotavirus vaccine. Methods : This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire provided to 82 pediatricians in private clinics of Jeonbuk province. From April to June, 2002, 63 of 82 pediatricians(76.8 %) responded to the survey. Results : The annual proportion of patients with AGI was 13%. The highest proportion of patients with diarrhea were reported for the months of October through December. For the treatment of diarrhea, pediatricians preferred to prescribe lactobacillus products, oral rehydration solution, enzyme products, anti-emetics, anti-diarrheal formula, nothing by mouth(NPO) and bowel movement inhibitors in descending order of frequency. Most pediatricians(79.4%) prescribed antibiotics in less than 20% of patients with AGI. Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotics followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(TMP/SMX) and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Clinical manifestations that pediatricians considered as important factors in prescribing antibiotics were bloody diarrhea, mucoid diarrhea, high fever, persisting disease and abdominal pain. Diagnostic procedures that pediatricians preferred for AGI patients were stool examination(rotavirus antigen, RBC, WBC), abdominal X-ray, and serum electrolytes. Pediatricians had a strong interest in rotavirus vaccine(71.4%). Conclusion : Acute gastrointestinal illness remains a common problem, especially during the winter months in Korea. AGI manifesting as watery diarrhea is appropriately treated with commonly available agents but pediatricians appear ready to consider additional approaches to decrease the sizable disease burden of AGI among children in Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2010

Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify clinical availability of serum procalcitonin (PCT) compared with C-reactive protein (CRP) in prediction of bacterial infection in children. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted with children who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics with bacterial and viral infection between April 2008 and March 2009 and children who were admitted with Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) between August 2007 and July 2009. Serum PCT levels were measured using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay. Results : The study population included 10 patients with bacterial infection (group I), 69 with viral infection (group II), and 35 with JRA (group III). Mean PCT levels were significantly higher in group I than in group II or group III (P<0.05). Mean CRP levels were significantly higher in group I than in group II (P<0.05); however, mean CRP levels were not significantly higher in group I than in group III (P>0.05). Using a cutoff of 0.5 ng/mL for PCT and 8 mg/L for CRP, sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between group I and the other groups were 60.0% and 92.3% for PCT and 60.0% and 40.1% for CRP, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 42.9% and 96.0% for PCT and 10.0% and 92.6% for CRP, respectively. Conclusion : Measurement of PCT concentrations appears to be more useful than CRP for distinguishing between bacterial infection and non-bacterial diseases in children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.235-244
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• 2015

This study was done to identify convergence factors influencing the HPV vaccination in female university students. The subjects of this study were 546 female university students. The data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire from 5 to 30th of October, 2013. 138(25.3%) reported that they were vaccinated. Religion, ever heard cervical cancer, HPV and cervical cancer vaccination, ever had a pap test, knowledge about HPV vaccination, health beliefs(total), perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cancer preventive behavior(total) and cervical cancer preventive behavior were associated with being vaccinated. In logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors are ever had a pap test(OR=34.67, 95% CI=17.19~ 69.92), perceived benefit(OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.17~1.81) and perceived barrier(OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.27~1.63). It was recommended to make convergence policy supports and education programs reinforcing a pap test and perceived benefit and reducing perceived barriers about HPV vaccination.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2019

Enteroviral infections are common in neonates. One important infection pathway is vertical transmission from an infected mother to her neonate. Here, we report the early detection and successful treatment of a vertically transmitted fulminant enteroviral infection associated with myocarditis and hepatitis. The patient had a sudden onset of high fever on the fourth day of life and developed severe, rapidly progressing symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), hepatitis, and myocarditis accompanied by tachyarrhythmia. As it was the peak season for enteroviral infections and both the mother and the patient's 36-month-old sibling had a high fever around the time of delivery, we suspected an enteroviral infection. Thus, we initiated prompt evaluation of enteroviral infection, as well as close observation and intensive care of the neonate. We strongly recommend evaluation for the possibility of vertical enterovirus infection in neonates when the mother is suspected of having a viral infection (e.g., high fever and negative results from bacterial infectious studies) around the time of delivery and when the neonate shows some early symptoms of infectious diseases such as thrombocytopenia, DIC, hepatitis, and myocarditis. Early detection of enteroviral infections and prompt implementation of proper treatment are key to reduce the risk of complications and mortality associated with enteroviral infections in neonates.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2010

In 2008, mass mortality was observed in paradise fish Macropodus opercularis which was imported from Indonesia. PCR of these fish found positive for megalocytivirus and Mycobacterium sp., while an unidentified virus was culture-isolated using CHSE-214 cells. In the present study, we investigated characterization of the unidentified virus and its pathogenicity to determine whether the virus was the causative agent of the mass mortality of paradise fish. The unidentified virus induced cytopathic effect (CPE) with syncytia in CHSE-214 and other fish cells, BF-2, GF, SSN-1, FSP and FFN. The virus was resistant against treatments with IUdR, chloroform, acidity at pH 3, basicity at pH 11 and high temperature at $56^{\circ}C$ for 3h. By electron microscopy, the viral particles were spherical having a double capsid structure with approximately 65 nm in external diameter. Viral genome was composed of at least 10-segmented RNA with sizes ranging from 0.7 kb to 3.6 kb. Based on these characters, this virus can be classified into family Reoviridae. This reovirus did not cause any mortality in an artificial experiment conducted by injecting the virus to paradise fish. This indicates that the reovirus is not only responsible for the mass mortality of paradise fish in 2008.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

Wild walleye pollock were caught from Goseong, The East Sea of Korea and examined for the existence of several fish pathogenic viruses; viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and marine birnavirus (MABV). We collected 1,253 wild walleye pollock in total during February 2015 and August 2018. 324 spleen sample sets and 259 brain sample sets were made, and examined for the existence of the viruses mentioned above by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). None of the target viruses were detected by one-step PCR. When some of these samples were further examined by two-step PCR, 19.7% (36/183) of spleen sample sets were positive for VHSV, and 4.4% (8/183) of spleen sample sets and 1.2% (3/259) of brain sample sets were positive for NNV. The target sequences of these viruses were clustered with those previously reported in Korea (Genotype IVa of VHSV, RGNNV genotype of NNV) by phylogenetic analysis. The activity of these viruses are not clear because virus isolation was not attempted, but probably very low because all the positive samples were detected by two-step PCR.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2021

A diagnostic test for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which infects more than 80 species of freshwater and marine fish at home and abroad, causing mass mortality, was conducted to provide quantitative data on the amount of virus expression in various tissues of flounder in chronological order. The tissues were collected in chronological order after the intraperitoneal injection of 3.0E+07 tissue culture infective dose₅₀ (TCID₅₀) per 0.1mL per fish of VHSV to randomly selected flounder. As a result of relative quantification through real-time PCR, the highest levels of virus expression were found in the spleen, kidney, gill, and liver on day 5. This study proved that the spleen was an appropriate site for the final diagnosis of VHSV in the early stages of infection and will provide important information for the diagnosis of legal infectious diseases in Korea.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 2005

Objectives and Methods: This study was performed to investigate the etiologic bacterial, viral and protozoal organisms for the diarrhea from hospitals in Chungnam area from January to December in 2004. Total of 787 fecal samples were collected and examined. Results and Conclusions: In test for enteropathogenic bacteria, total of 79 cases out of 787 samples from hospitals showed positive isolation. Among 79 positive samples, 27 cases were confirmed as Salmonella spp.. 20 cases as pathogenic E. coli, 18 cases as Clostridium perfringens, 6 cases as Staphylococcus aureus, 4 cases as Shigella spp. and 4 cases as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In test for enteropathogenic virus, 190 cases out of 787 samples from hospitals showed positive reaction. Among 190 samples, 115 cases were confirmed as rotavirus, 55 cases as norovirus, 5 case as astrovirus, 4 case as rotavirus & norovirus, 3 cases as adenovirus, 2 case as rotavirus & astrovirus. In test for enteropathogenic protozoa, 6 cases out of 787 samples from hospitals showed positive result. Among 6 samples, 5 cases were confirmed as Entamoeba histolytica and 1 cases as Giardia lamblia. When we classified the positive results by the age of the patients, the highest isolation rate was noted in a group of age under 10 and over 60 for bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens. Especially, patient below age of 5 showed high positive rate. When we classified the positive results by the time, pageathogenic bacteria were isolated throughout the year, and the highest frequency was noted in August. On the other hand, pathogenic viruses were detected more frequently during the colder season from December to April. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for the isolated bacteria resulted as follows; Salmonella strains showed high drug resistance rates against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ticarcillin. Shigella strains showed high drug resistance rates against ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin. Pathogenic E. coli strains showed high drug resistance rates against ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin.