• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

Korean paddy soils have long been almost uniformly managed throughout the whole country with flooded, deep tillage, puddlling, transplanting, and uncovering after harvest. Management of soil organic carbon could be more important in the sources of green house gases. However, soil organic carbon dynamics were not been studied for Korean paddy soils. Therefore, we evaluated the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) of paddy soils between 1999 and 2003 at the same locations nationwide except islands. Soil organic carbon tends to increase in Inceptisols, which is predominant soil order for Korean paddy soils, from 1999 to 2003. Soil organic carbon increases in topographically plain paddy soils was greater than in valley soils, and was considerably high in predominant types of paddy soils (i.e., well adapted paddy soils, sandy paddy soils, and poorly drained paddy soils) but low and stable in the saline paddy soils. We also found that clay paddy soils are greater in soil organic carbon than sandy paddy soils. Through this study, we concluded that a proper management of paddy soils could contribute to soil organic carbon storage, which imply that the Korean paddy soils could help to enhance carbon dioxide sequestration via soil organic matter into the soil.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate speech motor control in adults who stutter (AWS) by testing whether articulation rate changes with practice and linguistic complexity. Eleven AWS and 11 adults who do not stutter (AWNS) repeated four sentences of different lengths and syntactic complexity [simple-short (SS), simple-long (SL), complex-long (CL), and faulty-long (FL) sentences]. Overall articulation rates of each sentence were measured and compared between groups. Practice effects were evaluated by comparing the articulation rates of the first three, middle four, and last three productions. Overall, the AWS had significantly slower articulation rates than AWNS across the four sentences. The longer sentences showed significantly slower articulation rates than the baseline sentence (SS). The articulation rates of the middle four and the last three productions were significantly faster than those of the first three productions of each sentence in both groups. The articulation rates of the SS, SL, and CL sentences indicated a consistent practice effect. The slower articulation rates of the AWS are consistent with a speech motor limitation. There was no interaction with linguistic complexity or practice, so a slower articulation rate may be a general feature of the speech of AWS. Both AWS and AWNS showed practice effects with faster articulation rates which may reflect a degree of adaptation to the stimuli.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.117-127
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• 2021

Objectives Previously, we demonstrated that a 5% ethanol extract of unripe Rubus coreanus (5-uRCK) and ellagic acid has hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity activity in high-fat diet-fed animals. Therefore, we conducted a clinical study on the anti-obesity effect of 5-uRCK in 140 Korean adults (aged 19-70 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m²). Methods The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and were administered the placebo (n=70) or 5-uRCK extract (800 mg, n=70) daily for 12 weeks. The subjects were instructed to maintain their usual dietary intake and normal physical activity. Anthropometrics, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and blood parameters were compared between the two groups. Results Average body weight and BMI did not show any significant changes; however, changes in upper body fat mass between the two groups was significantly different, as determined using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline of percent body fat and drinking units. Moreover, Although not significant, the trunk fat mass and percent trunk fat tended to decrease after 5-uRCK supplementation. There was no significant difference in other laboratory biomarkers between the two groups. All safety parameters were within normal ranges in the both group. Conclusions In the present study, 5-uRCK significantly reduced upper body fat in obese subjects after 12 weeks, which indicates that it may help improve android-type obesity. Furthermore, the supplement is safe and well tolerated.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2021

Efficient in vitro regeneration system is essential for the successful crop breeding of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using the new biotechnology. The genotype of donor plants strongly influences the establishment of tissue culture system. Therefore, the screening of genotypes with excellent tissue culture ability is very important for soybean genetic improvement. In this study, we report the tissue culture efficiency of 21 soybean cultivars belong to Korean soybean core-collection and two foreign cultivars (Jack and Maverick). The Kwangan, Anpyeong and Seonam are share close genetic relationship in 21 cultivars and these three cultivars were observed the high frequency of germination and regeneration. Furthermore, the high tissue culture abilities were also observed in the Williams 82 used in reference genome sequencing and the two foreign cultivars. The transformation of pBAtc:tRNA with bar gene was performed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the cultivars with high tissue culture ability. Transformation of the bar gene was identified by PCR analysis in Kwangan, Pungwon, Seonam, and Maverick. Our results provide useful information for the breeding of various soybean cultivars by plant biotechnology such as, genome editing.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.321-365
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• 2018

Though the British shipbuilding industry dominated the world market in the 19th century, it could not avoid the repetitive rise and fall of the unemployment following after the cyclical fluctuations. Without challenging the employers' rights to fire at will, the boilermakers maintained their own unemployment insurance in order to escape from the new poverty law system. In the beginning the craft union could continue their own unemployment insurance under the National Insurance Act of 1911, but it went into bankruptcy under the massive unemployment of the 1920s and the attacks of shipyard employers. The Act of 1911 was a step towards social solidarity in that it spread the risks beyond the occupational boundaries, applying unemployment insurance to unskilled and non-union workers, and the employer and the government also paid the premium. In the Great Depression, the shipyard trade unions demanded that the government should intervene in the shipbuilding market to provide jobs, but it was not accepted by the government. The government responded only to the another demand of the union for the maintenance, which could be achieved partially through the abnormal operation of the insurance system, abandoning the insurance principle. After all, unemployment in the shipbuilding industry was resolved only by the expansion of rearmaments and the outbreak of World War II. From the 19th century to the World War II, the craft unions did not challenge the employers' right to fire at will and did not attempt to regulate dismissal procedures or make any demands on dismissal compensations. During interwar periods rules and practices related with weak employment protection - one of the main features of the liberal employment adjustment institution - were prevalent in Britain. The principle of 'employment at will' could survive through the historical events such as the World War I, II as the operation of the unemployment insurance became the focus of the social conflicts.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.509-512
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• 2011

A FA intersectional hybrid lily cultivar 'Golden Center' was developed in 2008 at National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) Korea. The cross was conducted between female parent Lilium FA hybrid 'Migreen (FA97-30)' and male parent L. Asiatic hybrid 'Sanzio' by a cut style pollination method (CSM) and immature embryo rescure at Suwon in 1999. The first selection was done and the line name was tentatively given as 'FA04-24' in 2004. After in vitro multiplication, bulb-producing ability, line, growth and flowering characteristic of 'FA04-24' were evaluated from 2005 to 2007. The evaluation of characteristics and consumer preferences were surveyed at a lily flower show of NIHHS in 2008. 'Golden Center' flowers in the middle of June and grows up to 144 cm high in length. Flower blooms facing upward, with light yellow petals (RHS, GW157C). The pollen of 'Golden Center' is sterile. Year-round flowering can be done by storing the bulb under $-1.5^{\circ}C$ conditions. It is needed to control Botrytis disease in wet season.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2010

Wheat is widely used in food industry because of its low price, convenience, protein-rich resource, easy processibility, and so on. However, people who have wheat-gluten allergy need gluten-free products. Especially, gluten-free products are desirable to early childhood even though they may or may not be sensitive to wheat-gluten. As the alternative of wheat flour, recently, rice flour is gaining popularity. Hence, we developed the puffed rice snack for the baby. In order to prepare for rice extrudate, 1 kg rice flour, 450 g water, and 6 g salt were mixed together and then steamed for 1 hr. The rice extrudate was shredded into pieces (0.5 cm${\times}$0.5 cm) and dried up to 4.5% moisture content. The dried rice shreds were puffed at $257^{\circ}C$ in a puffing machine. The puffed rice snack was oval-shaped having thickness of 0.5 cm, white in color with brown flakes. Appearance and texture of the puffed rice snacks were evaluated by the measurement of the texture, isothermal water absorption, expansion, and the color. Puffed rice was more porous, because rice increased up to about two times larger than its original volume. Texture of the rice puffing snack was suitable for early childhood. Rice puffing snack showed potentials including soft, low-allergenic, and easily digestible properties. It is concluded that rice puffing snack has potential in the food markets for early childhood.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.368-377
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the present operation process and to suggest the points of improvement so that vocational education and training institutions can be activated more effectively. The subjects of this study were 250 college students who completed or attended the vocational education and training course in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and collected 230 data, excluding inappropriate responses. Data analysis was performed by using the statistical package program SPSS Statistics (Ver. 24: IBM, USA). In this study, frequency analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics of data, and crossover analysis was conducted mainly to investigate the correlation between categorical data. The results of this study are as follows: First, it provides information about vocational education and training course to all general high school students at the beginning of the first year of high school, and then, from the first semester of the second grade, do. Second, it is to open four major courses in beauty education at the same time. This makes it possible to acquire qualifications according to four beauty courses during the training period at the training institute rather than the private education institute where private education expenses are incurred. By training all major courses in skin, hair, make-up, and nail art, you will be given the opportunity to carefully determine the major course that fits your aptitude. Based on the results of this research, we propose a plan to improve the vocational education system for vocational high school students who are majoring in cosmetology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.441-448
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the university-based humanity leadership program is effective in improving personality, self-esteem, leadership and life satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 45 students in the experimental group and 45 students in the control group, and the control group did not participate in the leadership program. The research was conducted from September 5, 2017 to November 28, 2017. The program was conducted twice a month for a total of six sessions. To verify the effectiveness of the program, preliminary tests were conducted before the first session and then post-tests were conducted after the program. The test consisted of a questionnaire survey on personality, self-esteem, leadership, and life satisfaction. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS 24.0 for the frequency analysis and the response sample t test for determining the differences in the post-test scores of the experimental group. First, there was a significant difference in personality, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Second, positive effects were found in three domains that included honesty, self-esteem, relationships with others, leadership, popularity, and self-assertiveness. This result suggests that it is necessary to improve the satisfaction of life through the formation of relationships with other people, and with an emphasis on honesty, in the program's development and contents.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.18
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• pp.91-138
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• 2008

A fast foot of information communication technology is appearing as expansion of prompt administrative service desire and national participation desire regarding administration. This is following again by government innovation and demand of customer-oriented governmental implementation with information technology. The Ministries of Education and Human Resources Development proceeded with National Education Information System(NEIS) for the aim of educational informatization at a highest global level. NEIS that was operated from 2003 established a system in Educational Offices in 16 cities/province and the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, and connected all educational administration organizations and primary and middle schools with Internet. Thus, NEIS processes electronically the general administration affairs in educational administration organizations each unit school. The NEIS school affairs business system that is newly enforced is producing an important documentation (of semi-permanent level) such as personal information and grade of students including School Human Document with electronic methods. However, we need to guarantee authenticity, integrity, reliability and usability of documentation because school affairs business system is producing important documentation under poor circumstances. According to this necessity, school affairs business system analyzed how many a record management function includes by the ISO 15489 that was an international record managerial standard. On the basis of these analyses, I will present a plan for management of a school documentation in this study. These researches are meaningful in electronically analyzing a record management function of the National Education Information System(NEIS) and in documentarily approaching management plan. I expect theses researches to be able to used as useful data for documental management plan preparations regarding a productive documentation of all kinds of business systems using in public institutions as well as National Education Information System(NEIS).