• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2042-2048
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• 2013

This research was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics of Korean traditional spirits brewed with Phellinus linteus by different Nuruks. The spirits were produced by atmospheric distillation of rice mash added with 1~5% P. linteus and fermented by traditional and improved Nuruks. Traditional Nuruk facilitated more alcohol production than improved Nuruk during the initial fermentation time. The alcohol contents of rice mash with P. linteus ranged from 15.8 to 18.9%. Predominant volatile compounds were i-amyl alcohol of fusel oils and ethyl acetate of ester compounds in P. linteus added spirits. The spirits prepared by traditional Nuruk showed higher contents of i-butanol, n-butanol, and i-amyl alcohol than those by improved Nuruk. More ethyl acetate was produced in the spirits prepared by improved Nuruk than those by traditional Nuruk. The contents of methyl alcohol were less than 50 mg/L in P. linteus added spirits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2012-2018
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to investigate the quality characteristics of the spirits by different distillation and filtrations. The contents of alcohol, total acids, and amino acids in rice mash were 15%, 0.25 g/100 mL, and 0.15 g/100 mL, respectively. The soluble content was $10^{\circ}Brix$, and pH was 4.6 in the rice mash. Lactic acid was the most prominent organic acid found in rice mash. The rice spirit distilled by a multi stage distiller showed the highest amounts of aroma compounds, such as fusel oil and esters. However, the filtration did not affect the amounts of total aroma compounds. It is suggested that a multi stage distiller may influence taste and flavor positively by enhancing the aroma and removing the impurities in rice spirits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2016

The objective of the present study was to investigate the rheological properties of potato starch cross-linked with different concentrations (0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5%, w/v) of cross-linking agents (10 g of adipic acid and 40 g of acetic anhydride). Cross-linked potato starch dispersions showed shear-thinning behaviors (n=0.43~0.63) at $25^{\circ}C$. Apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), consistency index (K), and yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$) significantly increased with an increase in the concentrations of cross-linking agents from 0.125 to 0.5% (w/v). Storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') increased, whereas complex viscosity (${\eta}^*$) was reduced with increasing frequency (${\omega}$) from 0.63 to 62.8 rad/s. Magnitudes of G' and G'' for cross-linked potato starch were significantly increased with an elevation in the concentrations of cross-linking agents. G' values of cross-linked potato starches were significantly higher than G'', indicating that the starches had more elastic properties than viscous properties. Cox-Merz rule was not applicable to potato starch dispersions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.744-750
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• 2017

Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen and can be formed during frying of starchy foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acrylamide reduction in storage potato chips by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis and compare its usefulness with four different cultivars of storage potatoes (Goeun, Atlantic, Saebong, and Jinsun). Potato slices were fermented by B. subtilis at $37^{\circ}C$ for 0, 2, and 4 h and fried at $180^{\circ}C$ for 115 s. The total sugar contents of the fermented potato slices did not change compared to the control. However, reducing sugar contents increased in the fermentation solution containing potato slices. Asparagine contents of Saebong and Jinsun potato slices decreased with fermentation time. Color values of the fermented potato chips were improved compared to those of non-fermented potato chips. The highest $L^*$ value was found in Saebong (57.4), followed by Goeun (56.7), Jinsun (52.5), and Atlantic (48.8) after 4 h of fermentation. Potatoes stored for 240 days generated considerable amounts of acrylamide, ranging from 4.99 to 10.38 ppm, after frying. Four hours of fermentation reduced acrylamide formation in all potato chips. The lowest acrylamide content was found in Saebong (0.77 ppm), followed by Jinsun (1.21 ppm), Goeun (1.76 ppm), and Atlantic (4.09 ppm). In conclusion, fermentation of storage potatoes by B. subtilis can effectively lower acrylamide formation during frying of potato chips.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.359-364
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• 2011

Purpose: Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare condition characterized by a localized absence of skin, and it can be associated with other congenital anomalies. This study was done to evaluate clinical course and outcome of ACC in neonates. Methods: Based on the medical records, we retrospectively reviewed 8 neonates diagnosed with ACC at Cheil General Hospital and Women's Health Care Center, Kwandong university College of Medicine from January 2004 to December 2010. We classified ACC by Frieden's classification and analyzed the patient's demographic data, clinical course and outcome. Results: Among 8 patients with ACC, 5 patients were classified to group 1; scalp ACC without anomalies and 3 patients to group 7; ACC localized to extremities without blistering. Defect size was from 0.3 cm to 1.5 cm, limited in the superficial skin or subcutaneous tissue without associated anomalies. Defects were healed under conservative treatment with mild scar formation within four months. Conclusion: ACC could be diagnosed easily through physical examination in neonates. All cases showed good clinical outcome without surgical treatment. However because of small numbers and small sized defects of cases, further study including lesions of large size is needed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the change yield and grain quality in rice caused by damages of brown planthopper (Bph) on major agronomic traits at the ripening stage. A major agronomic traits such as culm length, panicle length, number of panicle and number of grain per panicles was no-significant difference compared hopperburn area (HBA) and moderately damaged area (MDA) by brown planthopper with non-damaged area (NDA). but, the ripeing ratio and yield in HBA and MDA was significantly decreased. The perfect rice of brown rice in HBA and MDA was also lowered than the NDA and the immatured grain among imperfect rice in damaged area by BPH was significantly increased than in the NDA. Among the traits related with palatability of cooked rice, the amylose content was not affected by damage of brown planthopper, whereas, the protein content was significantly increased in the HBA and MDA. additionally, Peak viscosity in HBA and MDA is lower than the NDA, and setback was increased. In most cases, there was negative on yield and grain quality by the damage of brown planthopper at the ripening stage. Thus, the rice product harvested in damaged area should be separated with that in non damaged area for grain market quality of milled rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1772-1783
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate differences in the purchasing patterns of and the levels of satisfaction with cosmetic products, and the method of disposing dissatisfied cosmetics for female university students among China, Japan and Korea. Survey was conducted with 1,200 female coeducational university students in Beijing, Tokyo and Seoul and 1,115 were used for the data analysis. Data were analysed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, chi-square analysis, analysis of variance, Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results showed significant differences in purchasing behaviors in China, Japan and Korea. Japanese students mainly got information through objective sources, while Koreans did so through human network. Regrading the evaluative criteria for basic care items, function and effect were the most important criteria for Chinese and Korean consumers and skin compatibility for Japanese. For color make-up, Chinese, Japanese and Korean respondents respectively cared the most on brand image, convenience of purchase and the current trend. Chinese tended to shop cosmetics at department stores due to store reputation, Japanese preferred supermarkets and pharmacies and Koreans shopped at discount stores for low price. The most influential human sources were friends and colleagues for Chinese and Korean, and models on advertisements and magazines for Japanese. Korean respondents displayed the highest level of satisfaction with cosmetics followed by Japanese and Chinese. As for the methods of disposing dissatisfactory cosmetics, Chinese were the most active in exchanging for other product; Japanese and Korean were not likely to use or throw the products away.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.122-133
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• 2014

Purpose: We conducted a descriptive correlational study to determine a relationship between nurses' awareness of good death and attitudes toward terminal care, which in turn could be used as basic data for improvement of the quality of terminal care at geriatric hospitals. Methods: From April 3, 2013 through April 22, 2013, data were collected from 230 nurses working at geriatric hospitals. Results: Nurses' attitudes toward terminal care showed no significant correlation with awareness of good death, but it was positively correlated with a sense of closeness, a subfactor of awareness of good death. There was negative correlation between emotions regarding a deathbed, a subfactor of attitudes of nurses in charge of terminal patients, and awareness of good death. We found positive correlation between terminal care performance and awareness of good death. Conclusion: This study warrants the need for nursing education catered to characteristics of geriatric hospitals and development of diverse intervention strategies to help them to attain a positive attitude toward death by familiarizing themselves with the concept of good death and enhancing job satisfaction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

Although negative evidences of trans fatty acids(tFAs) are gradually increasing, the hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs are controversial and its biological significances are still not known. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary tFAs on cholesterol metabolism and membrane fluidity in rats. Animals were fed diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 20% test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) for 8 weeks. Each test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) contained 25%, 8.5% and no tFAs, respectively, Plasma total triglyceride(TG) were not different among diet treatments. Feeding trans fat diets (margarine and butter) lowered plasma cholesterol. Specially, butter diet elevated LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels, resulting in the highest atherogenic index among diet treatments. Hepatic cholesterol concentration and HMG CoA reductase activity were also decreased, whereas fecal excretion of cholesterol was increased in trans fat-fed animals. trans fat containing diets also decreased hepatic membrane fluidity. From these results, it can be concluded that hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs can be modulated by the fatty acid composition of diets, but its spatial cofiguration may help behave like saturated fatty acid in membrane fluidity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.290-299
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• 2012

Objectives : 'Obtaining qi(deqi)' is a sensation experienced by a patient or an acupuncturist during acupuncture treatment, and it is considered to be an important factor in acupuncture treatment. However, previous studies reported conflicting results about the relationship between 'obtaining qi(deqi)' sensation and the effect of acupuncture treatment. Also, most of the previous studies investigating 'obtaining qi(deqi)' and the acupuncture effect, dealt with the analgesic effect of acupuncture. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between the 'obtaining qi(deqi)' and the anti-itching effect of acupuncture treatment. Methods : Twenty one healthy subjects participated in this study. At the first visit, itch was induced to all subjects using intradermal injection of histamine on the lower arm. At the second visit, acupuncture treatment was applied using LI11 and 'obtaining qi(deqi)' was assessed. After acupuncture treatment, itch was induced again, and itch VAS and skin flare were assessed. Results: At the 6,8,10 minutes after histamine injection, the change of itch VAS between before and after acupuncture treatment was significant. Among 'obtaining qi(deqi)', subjects reported that 'dull ache', 'pricking', 'heavy' were most strong. Total score of 'obtaining qi(deqi)' sensation was not related to the change of itch VAS or skin flare. The 'electric shock' sensation is related to the change of itch VAS, and 'bruised' and 'heavy' sensations were related to the change of skin flare. Conclusions : Total 'obtaining qi(deqi)' is not related to the anti-itching effect of acupuncture, but several sensations showed relationship with the effect of acupuncture on itch severity and skin flare. Further researches based on various symptoms or acupuncture points, are needed.