• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1997

소 난포란의 체외성숙시 성숙배지에 FSH 및 LH의 첨가가 체외성숙난자의 calcium 반응과 체외수정란의 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 난포란의 체외성숙은 TCM199을 기초로 한 4가지의 배양조건 하에서 : 1) 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH＋5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH, 2) 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 3) 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH 및 4) 무 호르몬 첨가구로서 5% CO2에 24시간 동안 체외성숙을 유도하였다. 체외성숙 24기간째에 난포란의 과립막세포는 1ml PB1＋에서 4분 동안 vortexing을 하여 완전히 제거하였다. 세포 내 calcium 반응을 측정하기 위하여 2mM Fura-2 AM ester 및 0.02% Pluronic F-127가 첨가된 PB1-용액에 39$^{\circ}C$ in cubator에서 40분 동안 배양하였다. 30${\mu}\ell$ M2 medium drop을 30mm plastic dish에 만들어 20$\times$ 형광대물렌즈가 장착된 Nikon Diaphot 현미경의 장착된 Nikon Diaphot 현미경의 warm stage에 설치하였다. 세포 내 calcium 방출을 자극하기 위하여 난자에 25mM inositol 1, 4, 5-trasphophate(IP3)로 1.21kV/cm의 전기자극 또는 20mM ryanodine으로 미세주입을 실시하였다. 이러한 처리를 하지 않은 난자는 체외수정 후 CR1aa와 BRL monolayers의 공배양조건 하에서 체외발달을 유도하였다. 분할율(Day 2)과 배반포기발달율(Day 9)을 조사하였다. FSH와 LH의 처리구에서 IP3 또는 ryanodine으로 자극된 난자(1.79$\pm$0.05, 1.66$\pm$0.06)는 FSH, LH 및 무 호르몬처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 calcium 반응을 보였다(1.00$\pm$0.03, 1.28$\pm$0.04, and 0.53$\pm$0.02 in IP3 elctroporation; 0.68$\pm$0.05, 1.03$\pm$0.05, and 0.47$\pm$0.04 in ryanodine microinjection). FSH와 LH, FSH, LH처리구에서 분할율(87.9, 71.5 및 75.6%)은 무 호르몬처리구(60.7%)(P<0.05)에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으며, FSH와 LH처리구(29.3%)에서의 배반포기 발달율은 FSH, LH 처리구뿐만 아니라 무 호르몬처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다(16.5, 19.0 and 9.8%)(P<0.05). Bovine FSH 및 Ovine FSH의 처리구에서의 calcium 반응은 유의적인 차이가 없었다(1.72$\pm$0.05, 1.61$\pm$0.06). 또한 분할율(82.2 and 84.0%) 및 배반포기(27.8 and 27.1%) 발달율도 bovine 및 ovine FSH처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 전기자극에 의한 세포 내 calcium 반응은 체외성숙배지에 첨가하는 호르몬의 처리에 따라서 유의적인 변화를 보였다. 비록 분할율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 배반포기 발달율은 FSH와 LH 공동처리구에서 FSH, LH 단독처리구 및 무 호르몬처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 발달율을 보였다. 체외성숙기간에 FSH와 LH의 공동첨가는 체외성숙 및 체외발달의 생리적인 교정을 위하여 요구되는 것으로 사려된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.724-739
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• 2023

Located in the sea area between South Korea, North Korea, and China, the Yellow Sea plays an important role from a geopolitical perspective, and recently, as the use of marine space in the Yellow Sea is expanding, its social and economic values have been increasing further. In addition, owing to rapid climate changes, the need for joint response and cooperation between Korea and China is increasing in various fields, including changes in the marine environment and marine ecosystem and generation and movement of air pollutants. Accordingly, in this study, core topics were derived from research papers with the Yellow Sea as a keyword, and research trends to date were explored through author network analysis. As a specific research method, research papers related to the Yellow Sea published between 1984 and 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science database and were classified into four periods to derive core topics using topic modeling, a type of text mining. Furthermore, the influences of major research communities, researchers, and research institutes in the appropriate fields were identified through analyzing the author network, and their implications were presented. The analysis results indicated that the core topics of research papers on the Yellow Sea had changed over time, and differences existed in the influence (centrality) of key researchers. Finally, based on the results of this study, this study aims to identify research trends related to the Yellow Sea, major researchers, and research institutes and contribute to research cooperation between Korea and China regarding the Yellow Sea in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2011

우리나라의 주력산업인 반도체 및 디스플레이의 경우 그 생산 설비의 1/3이상이 진공 장비이며 진공 공정을 통해 만들어진다. 이들 산업 분야에서는 우리나라가 세계 최고의 생산 기술을 가지고 있으므로 자체적인 기술 개발 확보가 중요하다. 최근에는 기존에 개발되어 있는 장비의 성능을 뛰어넘어야 하는 공정 기술력이 요구되면서, 진공 공정 기술 개발이 매우 중요한 이슈가 되었다. 반도체나 디스플레이 산업 등 기존 주력산업의 전후방 산업의 경쟁력 강화 측면에서뿐 아니라 태양전지, LED 등 진공기술을 이용한 신성장 동력 산업의 생산 시스템 경쟁력 확보 측면에서도 진공 공정 기술 개발 중요성은 매우 크다. 지금까지 양산에 적용되는 증착, 식각, 확산 등 진공 공정 운영은, 사전 시험을 통해 얻은 최적 공정의 입력 파라미터들을 정해 놓고 그대로 공정을 진행한 뒤, 생산되어 나오는 제품의 상태를 사후 측정하여 공정 이상 여부를 점검하고 미세 조정하는 형태로 진행되고 있다. 실질적으로 현재 진행 중인 진공 공정에 대한 직접적인 정보가 없으므로 공정 중 발생되는 문제들에 대한 대처는 그 공정이 끝난 후에 이루어지는 상황이다. 공정 미세화 및 대구경화에 따라 기존의 wafer to wafer 제어 개념 보다 발전된 개념으로 센서 기반 실시간 공정 진단 제어 기술의 필요성이 대두되었으며 이를 위한 오류 인식 및 예지기술 (Fault Detection & Classification, FDC) 그리고 이 정보를 이용한 첨단 제어 기술(Advanced Process Control, APC)을 개발하는 노력들이 시작되었다. 한국표준과학연구원에서는 수요기업인 대기업과 장비업체, 센서 개발 중소기업 및 학교 연구소와 공동으로 진공 공정 실시간 측정 진단 제어와 관련된 연구를 하고 있다. 진공 공정 환경측정 기술, 플라즈마 상태 측정 기술, 진공 공정 중 발생하는 오염입자 측정 원천 기술 개발과 이를 구현하기 위한 센서 개발, 화학 증착 소스 및 진공 공정 부품용 소재에 대한 평가 플랫폼 구축, 배기 시스템 진단기술 개발 등 현재 진행되고 있는 기술 개발 내용과 동향을 소개한다. 진공 공정 실시간 측정 기술이 확보되면 차세대 반도체 제작에 필요한 정밀 공정 제어가 가능해지고, 공정 이상에 바로 대응 혹은 예방 할 수 있으며, 여유분으로 필요 이상으로 투입되던 자원(대기시간, 투입 재료, 대체용 장비)을 절감하는 등 생산성을 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 또한 진공 환경에서 이루어지는 박막 증착, 식각 공정 과정에 대한 이해가 높아지고, 공정을 개발하고 최적화하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있으므로, 기존 장비와 차별화된 경쟁력을 가진 고품위 진공 장비 및 부품 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.600-606
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• 2005

Neurofilament (NF) proteins constitute the major intermediate filament type in adult neurons. They are made up by the copolymerization of the neurofilament light (NF-L, 61 kDa), medium (NF-M, 90kDa), and heavy (NF-H, 115 kDa) proteins. Although neurofilaments play a crucial .ole in neuronal growth, organization, shape, and plasticity, their expression pattern and cellular distribution in the developing neurons remain unknown. In this study, we have produced a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to NF-M and investigated expression of NF-M in cultured cortical neurons. Immunostaining of 12 and 24 h cultures revealed strong expression of NF-M in axonal growth cone and in the region of a soma toward the axon. Doublestaining of 4 and 14 DIV corical neurons with NF-M and PSD95 antibodies revealed that both axon and dendrites were stained intensely with NF-M antibody, and that NF-M immunostaining along dendrites is often punctate and colocalize with PSD95 puncta, indicating that the puncta represent postsynaptic spines. Presence of NF-M in the postsynaptic spine was also indicated by immunoblot analysis of the postsynaptic density fraction. Taken together, our results show intensive targeting of NF-M into axons in the early axonal development, and into spines in mature neurons, indicating its important functions in axon and spine development.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.949-960
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• 2003

The marginal implicit price of air quality can be measured by taking a partial derivative of hedonic price function (HPF) with respect to the level of air quality. It has been pointed out that the size of the marginal implicit price varies with the use of different function forms, different estimation methods, and the different ways of measuring air quality level in estimating HPF. In addition to these factors, this study shows theoretically and empirically the way housing properties are represented on a digital map could differentiate the size of marginal implicit price of air quality when GIS is used to measure location attributes of the housing properties in the Korean apartment market. Furthermore, this study shows that the degree of difference in the marginal implicit price due to the manner in which housing properties are represented on a digital map can be larger than the degree of difference in the marginal implicit price due to using different function forms and estimation methods. The major implication from the results of this study is that one should carefully try diverse ways of representing housing properties in the Korean apartment market on a digital map in the process of estimating HPF, as he or she usually tries diverse function forms and estimation methods, to see if the value of the marginal implicit price of air quality varies substantially.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2020

In this paper, the design of piezoelectric Micro-machined Ultrasonic Transducer (pMUT) for wideband ultrasonic radiation in air was investigated. One of the methods to achieve wide frequency bandwidth in single device is modeling the transducer to multi-resonance system. The new pMUT was designed as a multi-resonance system with the addition of a suitable acoustic structure to the front and back of a thin film structure. A new pMUT consisting of thin film parts, radiation parts, and packaging parts is designed with a Lumped Parameter Model (L.P.M). Finally, it was validated as a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. The final designed pMUT achieved a frequency band of 102 kHz ~ 132 kHz (-3 dB).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2011

This study focus on the suggestion of standard legend, the process system on making method of deterioration map, the development of crack index (CI), and the evaluation techniques of surface and 3D deterioration rate for stone cultural heritage. The standard legends of deterioration forms were made using a common graphic program after crack, blistering, scaling, break-out, granular disintegration, and perforation were subdivided. The deterioration map improved accuracy and reliability on deterioration range using 3D digital restoration and high resolution photograph mapping technique. Also, quantitative deterioration evaluation of stone cultural heritage was carried out developing the crack index, and the 3D deterioration rate of a break-out part was calculated by virtual restoration modeling. As a quantitative deterioration evaluation of Magoksa Temple stone pagoda based on the results described above, the north face showed high deterioration rate of bursting crack (1.70), hair crack (1.34), scaling (20.2%) and break out (13.0%), and the 3D deterioration rate of first roof stone was 6.7%.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.408-422
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• 2000

Multiple geophysical methods were applied over the Manjang cave area in Cheju Island to compare and contrast the effectiveness of each method for exploration of underground cavities. The used methods are gravity, magnetic, electrical resistivity and GPR(Ground Pentrating Radar) survey, of which instruments are portable and operations are relatively economical. We have chosen seven survey lines and applied appropriate multiple surveys depending on the field conditions. In the case of magnetic method. two-dimensional grid-type surveys were carried out to cover the survey area. The geophysical survey results reveal the characteristic responses of each method relatively well. Among the applied methods, the electric resistivity methods appeared to be the most effective ones in detecting the Manjang Cave and surrounding miscellaneous cavities. Especially, on the inverted resistivity section obtained from the dipole-dipole array data, the two-dimensional distribution of high resistivity cavities are revealed well. The gravity and magnetic data are contaminated easily by various noises and do not show the definitive responses enough to locate and delineate the Manjang cave. But they provide useful information in verifying the dipole-dipole resistivity survey results. The grid-type 2-D magnetic survey data show the trend of cave development well, and it may be used as a reconnaissance regional survey for determining survey lines for further detailed explorations. The GPR data show very sensitive response to the various shallow volcanic structures such as thin spaces between lava flows and small cavities, so we cannot identify the response of the main cave. Although each geophysical method provides its own useful information, the integrated interpretation of multiple survey data is most effective for investigation of the underground caves.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the filtering sets composed of fiberboards, which were fabricated with lignocellulosic fiber and cork oak bark-based activated carbon (COA), as well as traditional Korean paper handmade from mulberry trees (KP) for the filtration of PM, TVOC and HCHO. Three-layers fiberboards (WRF) were fabricated with wood fiber in its surface layers and recycled fiber/COA in its core layer using a protein-based adhesive with the resin content of 8%. Filtering sets were composed of three WRF and one sheet of KP. Concentrations of PM, TVOC and HCHO generated with the combustion of a incense in a sealed laboratory hood were reduced efficiently with the operation of air-purifier installed the filtering sets. Except for the WRF fabricated with 4%/4% resin contents, other WRF were prepared with 5%/3% and 6%/2% resin contents in surface/core layers, and then the WRF were used with KP for the fabrication of filtering sets. Filtration efficiency of the filtering sets was improved as the core-layer resin content applied in the fabrication of WRF decreased. In addition, filtration efficiency of the WRF-based filtering set fabricated with KP of 25 g/m² basis weight was higher than that with KP of 45 g/m² basis weight. Filtering sets composed of three-layers fiberboards (RWF) that recycled fiber and wood fiber/COA were used in its surface and core layers, respectively, and KP-25g showed higher filtration efficiency than those of WRF-based filtering sets. Air-inhalation equipment installed the RWF-based, WRF-based filtering sets and without filtering set were operated in small indoor and large outdoor spaces. Efficiency for filtering PM and TVOC of the RWF-based filtering sets was higher than that of other filtering sets. It is concluded that fiberboard-based filtering sets composed of RWF and KP-25g can be used as a filter for reducing the concentrations of PM and TVOC existed in indoor and outdoor spaces.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to assess the cariogenic potential of infant confectionaries. In vitro, as compaired with 10% sucrose solution and whole bovine milk. Buffering capability were determined by amount of 0.1N lactic acid consumed to titrate the 50ml specimen solutions to pH 4.0. The pH of the specimen solution inoculated by streptococcus mutans was measured by pH meter and the surface microhardness tester, before and after 48 hours incubation. The buffering capacity of infant confectionaries was higher than that of sucrose solution and lower than that of milk, and there were significant difference between infant confectionaries(p<0.05). The pH of infant confectionaries after 48 hours incubation was similar to 10% sucrose solution, and there were significant difference between infant confectionaries and milk(p<0.05). The microhardness change of primary tooth enamel of infant confectionaries group after 48 hours incubation was similar to that of 10% sucrose solution, and there were significant difference between infant confectionaries and milk(p<0.05). In conclusion, infant confectionaries seemed to have the ability to cause dental caries in primary teeth, and there were significant differences of cariogenic potential among infant confectionaries. Cooperative efforts of dentistry and manufacturers to reduce the cariogenic potential of infant confectionaries would be necessary to prevent the early childhood caries in children.