• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.17 no.5 s.134
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• pp.58-63
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• 1996

''소비자는 통상 매스컴에서 많이 다루고 있는 식품중 잔류농약, 항생물질이나 방사선 조사식품에서 대한 우려를 많이 하고 있다. 그러나 식품과학적 측면에서 이와같은 오염물질에 의한 위해발생 가능성은 별로 높지않다. 오히려 우리가 별 문제가 없다고 생가가하고 있는 식품중 미생물의 증식이나 영양적 불균형이 더 큰 위해발생 요인이다.'' ''발생가능한 모든 위해를 완전히 차단하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능할 분만 아니라 국민건강상 더 큰 위해를 초래할 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 국민들은 단순히 적은 가능성일 뿐인 위해발생에 더 관심이 많고, 그 실익에 대해서는 모르거나 현실상황을 외면하는 경우가 많아 식품위생행정에 대한 불신이 증폭되고 있다. '' 최근 산국식품연구원의 송인상 박사는 한국농촌의학회지를 통해 발표한 $\ulcorner$식품의 안전성 확보를 위한 과제들$\lrcorner$이란 주제에서 이같이 지적하고 식품위생에 대한 보다 정확하고 과학적인 지식을 소비자에게 제공하는 교육과 홍보의 기능이 매우 중요하다고 주장했다. 주요내용을 발췌 소개한다.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.17 no.5 s.134
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• pp.76-76
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• 1996

''소비자는 통상 매스컴에서 많이 다루고 있는 식품중 잔류농약, 항생물질이나 방사선 조사식품에서 대한 우려를 많이 하고 있다. 그러나 식품과학적 측면에서 이와같은 오염물질에 의한 위해발생 가능성은 별로 높지않다. 오히려 우리가 별 문제가 없다고 생가가하고 있는 식품중 미생물의 증식이나 영양적 불균형이 더 큰 위해발생 요인이다.'' ''발생가능한 모든 위해를 완전히 차단하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능할 분만 아니라 국민건강상 더 큰 위해를 초래할 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 국민들은 단순히 적은 가능성일 뿐인 위해발생에 더 관심이 많고, 그 실익에 대해서는 모르거나 현실상황을 외면하는 경우가 많아 식품위생행정에 대한 불신이 증폭되고 있다. '' 최근 산국식품연구원의 송인상 박사는 한국농촌의학회지를 통해 발표한 $\ulcorner$식품의 안전성 확보를 위한 과제들$\lrcorner$이란 주제에서 이같이 지적하고 식품위생에 대한 보다 정확하고 과학적인 지식을 소비자에게 제공하는 교육과 홍보의 기능이 매우 중요하다고 주장했다. 주요내용을 발췌 소개한다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.128-128
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• 1976

19 pesticides including 12 insecticides, 2 herbicides and 5 fungicides have been tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome system. It was found that insecticides, DDVP, Trichlorfon, Sumithion, Naled, fungicide, TMTD and herbicide NIP induced base substitute mutation and herbicide MO frameshift mutation. Mutagenicity of Sumithion and NIP was appeared only after rat microsomal enzyme activation and that of TMTD was increased after the microsomal enzyme activation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 1976

19 pesticides including 12 insecticides, 2 herbicides and 5 fungicides have been tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome system. It was found that insecticides, DDVP, Trichlorfon, Sumithion, Naled, fungicide, TMTD and herbicide NIP induced base substitute mutation and herbicide MO frameshift mutation. Mutagenicity of Sumithion and NIP was appeared only after rat microsomal enzyme activation and that of TMTD was increased after the microsomal enzyme activation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2006

Two bacteria were isolated from the continuously pesticide-used soil under plastic film house and upland condition. The degradation test of several pesticides by the selected bacteria, B59 and B71, were conducted. The degradation rates for 6 pesticides, procymidone, chlorothalonil, ethoprophos parathior, alachlor and pendimethalin, in medium by the isolates were 21.1% to 53.2% higher than non-inoculated medium. Under shaking culture condition, 90% to 95% of procymidone was degraded after 21 days treatment. Parathion was degraded in the range of 60% to 100% by B71 and B59, respectively. Otherwise 70% of alachlor was degraded by the two isolated bacteria during same period. The pH was not significantly affected for degradation of pesticides. The bacterial strains, B59 and B71 was identified as Acinetobacter sp. and as Pseudomonas sp. based on morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, and identity and similarity of automatic identification system, Biolog and MIDI.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 2003

In this study bacterial community was analyzed to evaluate the impacts of long-term use of agricultural chemicals on a soil ecosystem as well as to obtain fundamental data on the relationship. Sequences of 16S rRNA clones from a non-agricultural site and a tangerine orchard soil which has a history of long-term use of agricultural chemicals over 30 years were analyzed. This revealed that bacterial community containing 5 divisions and 18 genera was distributed in a tangerine orchard soil, while bacterial community containing 9 divisions and 44 genera was distributed. In a tangerine orchard soil site, the most abundant bacteria in subdivision level were placed into Proteobacteria γ group which occupied 56% of total clones. The other bacterial clones from the ocrhcard soil exposed to agricultural chemicals over 30 years were Acidobacteria group (25%), Fimicutes group (5%), Planctomycetes group (2%), Proteobacteria α (1%), δ group (1%), and Cyanobacteria group (1%). Whereas, the clones were from the non-agricultural site were distributed among the division or subdivision Acidobacteria group (14%), Planctomycetes group (13%), Proteobacteria α (10%), β (9%), δ (9%), Fimicutes group (8%), Verrucomicrobia group (8%), Actinobacteria group (6%), Proteobacteria γ group (3%), Bacteroidetes group (3%), Gemmatimonadetes group (3%), and Cyanobacteria group (1%). This finding suggests the possibility that long-term application of agricultural chemicals or fertilizers on a tangerine orchard might result in drastic reduction or alteration in the composition of the bacterial community in the contaminated soil site.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2007

For the analysis of hazard factors and the development of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) Ginseng, 10 ginseng cultural farms wished certified GAP were selected at Geumsan-gun area, a representative site of ginseng cultivation in Korea. In order to verify the safety of GAP ginseng, possible contamination of pesticide and heavy metal residues, and microbial hazard were analyzed. Soil and water around ginseng cultivation field, and ginseng were investigated. Eighty-one pesticides including carbendazim were used as typical pesticide against plant pathogens and insect pests of ginseng plant and general crops. There was no excess the maximum residue limit (MRL) in residue figure of the soil. Including the residue figure of the arsenic (0.81 ml/kg) and 7 other heavy metals was also suitable to cultivate the ginseng plant. The irrigation water and dilution water for pesticide application were also safety level for GAP. Fresh ginsengs from the farms were sampled and investigated pesticide residues and contaminations of bacteria. Among 23 pesticides tested, we didn't detect any kinds of pesticide residues, but tolclofos-methyl was frequently found in the other ginseng field. On the investigation of microorganism hazards, 2 gram negative bacteria and 1 gram positive bacterium were found in the fresh ginseng. Number of total bacteria was $1.5{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml, which was less than the other agriculture products. At these results, 10 selected ginseng farms were good cultural places for GAP ginseng production and the ginseng cultured from Geumsan-gun area were a good safe far human.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-20
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• 1990

현재 전세계적으로 10,000여개 이상의 실험실에서 생물공학적인 연구가 진행중에 있고, 200여개 이상의 회사에서 생물공학을 이용한 제품이 만들어지고 있다.(Saftlas, 1984). 이와같은 제품으로 생물농약(예, 모기억제에 사용되는 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis 등)이라든가 insulin, 성장호르몬, lymphotoxin및 항암제등의 의약품(Saftlas, 1984)과 식물품종개량제(예, 질소 공정의 vector로 사용되는 Agrobacterium tumerfaciens의 Ti Plasmid)(McDanial, 1981 ; Shaw, 1986) 등이 있다. 그러나 최근 미생물 생태분야에서는 이와같이 만들어진 미생물들 (genetically engineered microorganisms : GEMs)이 자연 생태계에 유출되었을때 야기될 가능성이 있는 biohazaed에 대하여 관심이 집중되고 있다. (Curtiss, 1976 ; Sharples, 1983 ; Rissler, 1984). 토양환경에서 GEM이 유전물질을 전달항 수 있는 기작은 크게 conjugation, transduction, transformation 등이 알려지고 있다. 여기서는 주로 토양환경에서 transformation에 의한 유전물질의 전달과정에 대한 최근 연구동향을 간단히 기술하고자 한다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop a formulation using an antagonistic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2 to control tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva. B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 was grown in a medium with rice oil and mixed with various carrier and additives. One of the formulations, A2-MP, showed the best disease control value among the tested formulations. The disease control value of A2-MP at 100-fold and 500-fold diluted treatment was not significantly different from that of chemical fungicide triflumizole in a growth chamber. Although disease control effect was decreased by serial diluted treatment of the prepared A2-MP, 1,000-fold diluted treatment of A2-MP still showed high disease control value of 72.0%. For the green house experiments, the disease control values of A2-MP was indicated as 79.4% which is similar to that of chemical fungicide, triflumizole showing 79.6%. When the disease control activity of the formulation A2-MP was compared in tomato production conditions, disease control values of 100-fold diluted A2-MP and 3,000 fold diluted triflumizole exhibited 60%, 81.6%, respectively. The disease control efficiency by A-2MP was 73% of the disease control value of chemical fungicide. The formulation A-2MP maintained the stable bacterial viability and disease control activity when stored at $4^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that A-2MP develped from B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 could be used to control tomato leaf mold.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.318-326
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• 2007

Characteristics of organophoshhorus pesticides (OPs) distribution were investigated in Shingu Reservoir, as a shallow eutrophic agriculture reservoir in Korea. In August 2006, IBP, DDVP and dyfonate were detected in the water column of Singu Reservoir, ranging from 1340.7 to 16030.1 ng $L^{-1}$, 58.7 to 127.6 ng $L^{-1}$ and N.D. to 20.3 ng $L^{-1}$, respectively, However, in September 2006, mevinfos, ethoprofos, phorate, chlorfenvinfos, and methidathion were also found in addition to IBP (202.5${\sim}$213.2 ng $L^{-1}$), DDVP (100.7${\sim}$340.6 ng $L^{-1}$) and dyfonate (N.D.${\sim}$25.0 ng $L^{-1})$. Maximum concentrations of OPs were observed at the middle depth in August, which might be related with photo-oxidation. On the other hand, IBP and DDVP among the OPs were detected in suspended particles, suggesting the relatively active adsorption reactivity. The composition of OPs varied temporally on account of the influence of inflow water from its surrounding areas. In the present study, the observed OPs concentrations seem to be not acute toBic levels to aquatic organisms in Shingu Reservoir, considering the standard monitoring levels of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Japan Ministry of Environment.