• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2018

For constructing three-dimensional (3D) spatial information occlusion region problem arises in the process of taking the texture of the building. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the automation method to automatically recognize the occlusion region, issue it, and automatically complement the texture. In fact there are occasions when it is possible to generate a very large number of structures and occlusion, so alternatives to overcome are being considered. In this study, we attempt to apply an approach to automatically create an occlusion region based on learning by patterning the blocked region using the recently emerging deep learning algorithm. Experiment to see the performance automatic detection of people, banners, vehicles, and traffic lights that cause occlusion in building walls using two advanced algorithms of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique, Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and Mask R-CNN. And the results of the automatic detection by learning the banners in the pre-learned model of the Mask R-CNN method were found to be excellent.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_2
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• pp.1239-1249
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• 2018

Optical remote sensing sensors provide visually more familiar images than radar images. However, it is difficult to discriminate sea ice types in optical images using spectral information based machine learning algorithms. This study addresses two topics. First, we propose a semantic segmentation which is a part of the state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to identify ice types by learning hierarchical and spatial features of sea ice. Second, we propose a new approach by combining of semi-supervised and active learning to obtain accurate and meaningful labels from unlabeled or unseen images to improve the performance of supervised classification for multiple images. Therefore, we successfully added new labels from unlabeled data to automatically update the semantic segmentation model. This should be noted that an operational system to generate ice type products from optical remote sensing data may be possible in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.66.1-66.1
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• 2011

반도체를 비롯하여 LCD, OLED와 같은 디스플레이 (FPD: Flat Panel Display) 분야는 국가 선도 사업으로써 발전을 거듭해오고 있다. 하지만 기술의 성숙도가 높아짐에 따라 최근 중국과 대만 업체와의 경쟁이 심화되고 있으며, 더불어 환경문제가 큰 이슈로 떠오르고 있어 신기술 개발을 통한 생산 수율 향상 및 친환경 공정 개발의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 반도체, 디스플레이 공정에서 생산 수율 저하의 주요 원인으로써 공정 중 발생하는 미세 오염 입자를 들수 있다. 반도체 및 디스플레이 공정에서 세정 기술은 전체 기술의 30% 이상을 차지하며 생산 수율 및 제품의 품질에도 큰 영향을 주는 공정이다. 세정 공정은 일반적으로 습식 세정 공정이 낮은 공정비용을 바탕으로 널리 적용되어 왔으나, 기판의 대형화와 패턴의 미세화에 따라 정밀한 세정 스펙이 요구되며 더불어 막대한 양의 초순수와 화학액의 사용으로 인한 공정비용 증가와 환경 규제 강화에 따른 폐수 처리의 문제에 직면하고 있다. 이에 따라 폐수의 양을 줄이며 건조공정을 필요로 하지 않아 공정비용을 줄일 수 있는 건식 세정 공정에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 되고 있다. $CO_2$ snow jet 세정 기술은 건식 공정으로써 $CO_2$ 가스를 특수하게 제작된 분사 노즐에서 고압으로 가스를 분사하여 이 때 발생되는 순간적인 감압에 의한 단열 팽창으로 생성된 $CO_2$ snow 입자가 기판 표면의 오염물과 물리적 충돌을 하어 세정이 이루어지는 기술이다. 특히 $CO_2$ 세정은 환경과 인체에 무해하며 공정 후 바로 승화하기 때문에 추가적인 폐수처리 공정 등이 필요하지 않고, 건식 공정으로써 수세(Rinse) 공정을 필요로 하지 않기 때문에, 공정비용을 크게 줄일 수 있으며 물반점 발생을 방지 할 수 있는 친환경 건식 공정으로써의 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자체적으로 개발한 $CO_2$ snow jet을 바탕으로 하여 다양한 공정조건을 변화시켜 세정효율을 측정하는 한편, 최적화 하기 위한 연구를 진행하였으며 더불어 $CO_2$ snow의 세정력을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 실험을 통해 가장 효과적으로 $CO_2$ snow 입자를 배출 할 수 있는 공정 조건으로써 5 bar의 캐리어 가스 압력을 사용하여, 세정력에 가장 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 분사 노즐과 기판 사이의 거리 및 분사 노즐의 각도 등을 변화시켜 각 조건에 따른 세정효율을 평가하였다. 세정 오염물은 Silica, PSL 표준 입자(Duke scientific, USA)를 정량적으로 웨이퍼에 오염 시킨 후, 파티클 스캐너(Surfscan 6500, KLA-Tencor, USA)를 이용하여 세정 전 후의 오염입자 개수 변화를 통해 정량적으로 세정효율을 평가하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 $CO_2$ snow jet를 이용한 친환경 고효율 건식 세정 공정 메커니즘을 분석하였으며, 노즐과 기판 사이의 간격 및 분사 노즐의 각도 등을 최적화 한 세정 공정을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2010

To maintain the storage quality of agricultural products, temperature uniformity during cold storage, which is affected by fan flow rate and product arrangement, is important. We simulated and validated a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model that can predict both airflow and temperature distribution in a cold storage environment. Computations were based on a commercial code (FLUENT 6.2) and two turbulence models. The standard k-$\varepsilon$ model and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) were chosen to improve the accuracy of CFD prediction. To obtain comparative data, the temperature distribution and velocity vector profiles were measured in a full-scale cold storage facility and in a 1/5 scale model. The agricultural products domain in cold storage was modeled as porous for economical computation. The RSM prediction showed good agreement with experimental data. In addition, temperature distribution was simulated in the cold storage rooms to estimate the uniformity of temperature distribution using the validated model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.738-746
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• 2011

We manufactured rice-whole soybean curd by a microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) with a mixture of hydrolyzed rice and micronized whole soybean powder (MWSP) and analyzed its rheological properties, including texture, viscoelasticity, protein cross-linking, and surface structure. A 40% rice suspension digested with a Termamyl enzyme at $85^{\circ}C$ for 20 min showed a 9.0% reducing sugar and a consistency of $1.27\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$, resulting in a great reduction in consistency. A MWSP suspension with 22% solid content was transformed into a typical tofu texture. MWSP curd fortified with 7.5% rice showed enhanced texture properties, with a hardness of 639.6 dyne/$cm^2$, and a springiness of 0.96. In a MWSP suspension (18~22% w/v) treated with 5% MTGase, viscoelasticity increased dependently with MWSP concentration, and a 22% MWSP indicated a G' value of 5.1 Pa and a G'' value of 9.0 Pa. Furthermore, soybean proteins present in the 22% MWSP curd largely disappeared or formed polymers with a high molecular weight by MTGase reaction within 30 min. MWSP (22%) fortified with 7.5% rice showed similar polymerization patterns on SDS-PAGE. The surface structure of the rice-MWSP curds was more dense and homogeneous network due to the addition of hydrolyzed rice. However, the surface structure of all rice-MWSP curds became rough and showed a non-homogeneous network after cold storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 2008

Physicochemical properties of the green tea component enriched mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) were investigated. The yield of mushroom was highest with green tea powder untreated sample and the yield was decreased by the addition of green tea powder. However, hardness was increased by the addition of green tea powder. Analysis of catechins and caffeine in mushrooms showed that catechins were not transferred into mushrooms, whereas caffeine content was increased. The content of total polyphenol in mushroom was not affected by the addition of green tea powder and crude catechins. Analyses of aroma patterns using the electronic nose based on GC with SAW sensor showed that new peaks occurred from 3 to 6 sec in green tea added mushroom. This study showed that functional components and quality of mushroom were possibly improved by incorporating green tea powder in growth medium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.264-265
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• 2010

최근, nanorod나 nanowire와 같은 1차원의 나노구조가 나노디바이스로 각광을 받고 있다. [1] 특히 InN는 3족 질화물 반도체 중 가장 작은 밴드갭 에너지와 뛰어난 수송 특성을 가지고 있어 나노디바이스로의 응용에 적합한 물질이다. [2] 그러나 InN는 큰 평형증기압을 가지므로 쉽게 인듐과 질소로 분해되는 특성이 있어 나노구조로의 성장이 쉽지 않음이 알려져 있다. [3] 최근 연구결과에 따르면, InN 나노구조는 금속 catalyst를 사용한 방법이나, 기판 위 패턴을 이용하여 성장하는 방법, 염소를 사용한 방법이 널리 쓰이고 있다. [4,5,6] 그러나 이 방법들은 의도치 않은 불순물의 원인이 되거나 다른 추가적인 과정을 필요로 한다는 문제점도 일부 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 catalyst-free 유기 금속 화학 증착법 (MOCVD)를 이용하여 $Al_2O_3$ (0001)면 위에 InN nanostructure를 성장하였다. InN nanostructure 성장 시 트리메틸인듐(TMIn)과 암모니아($NH_3$) 를 전구체로 사용하였으며, 캐리어 가스로는 질소를 사용하였다. 또한 모든 샘플의 성장시간은 60분으로 고정하였으나, 성장 시 온도의 의존성을 보기 위해 $680-710^{\circ}C$ 의 온도범위에서 성장을 진행하였다. 그 결과 InN는 본 실험에서 적용된 성장온도범위 내에서 온도가 증가함에 따라 초기에는 columnar구조로 성장된 박막의 형태에서 wall이 배열된 형태로 변화하며 결국 $710^{\circ}C$ 의 온도에서 nanorod로 성장하게 된다. 성장된 InN의 나노구조는 X-선 회절 측정법, 주사 전자 현미경 그리고 투과 전자 현미경을 이용하여 각각의 구조적 특성을 분석하였다. X-선 회절 측정법과 주사 전자 현미경을 통한 분석결과에서는 이들 nanorods가 대부분 c 방향으로 수직하게 정렬되어 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, $690^{\circ}C$ 에서 60분간 성장된 InN의 wall 구조의 두께는 200 nm, 길이는 $2-2.5\;{\mu}m$로 관찰되었으며, $710^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 성장된 InN nanorod의 지름은 150 nm, 길이는 $3\;{\mu}m$ 정도로 관찰되었다. 이를 통하여 볼 때 성장 온도가 InN의 나노구조 형성 시 표면의 모폴로지변화에 중요한 변수로 작용함을 알 수 있다. 본 발표에서는 이러한 표면 형상 및 구조 변화가 성장온도에 따른 관계성을 가짐을 InN의 분해와 성장의 경쟁적인 관계에 의해 논의할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.671-675
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• 2012

This study was conducted to establish the BMPs (Best Management Practices) for preventing pollutant loadings from paddy rice field applied livestock liquid manure from 2008 through 2011. Cultivated paddy rice fields (Gyeonggi province, Korea) were treated with SCB (Slurry composting and bio-filtration process) liquid fertilizer. The BMPs for paddy rice field developed in this study includes: 1) the controlling a drainage water gate in paddy rice field from right after SCB liquid fertilizer application to 3 weeks after rice transplanting; 2) livestock liquid fertilizer application to paddy rice soils in 20 days before rice transplanting to encourage the utilization of liquid fertilizer; 3) preservation of surface water depth to 5 cm in a paddy field right after SCB liquid fertilizer applied to minimize a water pollution and enhance the utilization of liquid fertilizer; and 4) blocking a water gate at least for 2 days to inactivate E. coli survival. The findings of this study will provide useful and practical guideline to applicators of agricultural soil in deciding appropriate handling and time frames for preventing pollution of water quality for sustainable agriculture.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1 s.51
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Hectorite was synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal process from $Mg(OH)_{2}$, water glass (${\sim}30\;wt%\;SiO_{2}$) and Li-compound at $90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. The product shows excellent dispersion and swelling properties. The mixture of the starting materials was heated in a glass vessel for the first reaction with continuous stirring and the pH of the solution was adjusted to $6{\sim}8$, resulting in the formation of a precursor of hectorite. The excess salt components were washed out from the resulting slurry and then was matured in the glass vessel for the 2nd reaction. Li compound was added during the reaction. After a 10 h retention, the gel of hectorite was formed. The XRD pattern of the synthesized one was coincided with that of natural hectorite and SEM study revealed uniform grains 50 m in diameter. The d001 basal spacing of the product moved from 12 to $17.4\;{\AA}$ after glycolation treatment. The measured value of CEC and the swelling capacity was 90 cmol/kg and $60{\sim}70\;mL/2\;g$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

The information on flowpath, storage, residence time, and interactions of water and carbon transport in a catchment is the prerequisite to the understanding and predicting of water and carbon cycling in the mountainous landscapes of Korea. In this paper, along with some up-to-date results, we present the principal methods that are currently used in HydroKorea and CarboKorea research to obtain such information. Various catchment hydrological processes have been examined on the basis of the water table fluctuations, the end-member mixing model, the cross correlation analysis, and cosmogenic radioactive isotope activity. In the Gwangneung catchment, the contribution of surface discharge was relatively large, and the changes in the amount, intensity and patterns of precipitation affected both the flowpath and the mean residence time of water. Particularly during the summer monsoon, changes in precipitation patterns and hydrological processes in the catchment influenced the carbon cycle such that the persistent precipitation increased the discharge of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrated in the surface soil layer. The improved understanding of the hydrological processes presented in this report will enable a more realistic assessment of the effects of climate changes on the water resource management and on the carbon cycling in forest catchments.