• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2011

This study is to keep the accuracy and stability of the output dose evaluations for linear accelerator photon beams by using the air ionization chambers (TM31010, 0.125 cc, PTW) through the Task Group 51 protocol. The absorbed dose to water calibration factor $N_{dw}{^{Co-60}}$ was delivered from the air kerma calibration factor $N_k$ which was provided from manufacture through SSDL calibration for determination of output factor. The ionization chamber of TM31010 series was reviewed the calibration factor and other parameters for reduce the uncertainty within ${\pm}2%$ discrepancy and we found the supplied $N_{dw}{^{Co-60}}$ which was derived from Nk has shown a -2.8% uncertainty compare to that of PSDL. The authors provided the program to perform the output dosimetry with TG-51 protocol as it is composed same screen of TG-51 worksheets. The evaluated dose by determination of output factor delivered to postal TLD block for comparison the output dose to that of MDACC (RPC) in postal monitoring program. The results have shown the $1.001{\pm}0.013$ for 6 MV and $0.997{\pm}0.012$ discrepancy for 15 MV X rays for 5 years followed. This study shows the evaluated outputs for linear accelerate photon beams are very close to that of international output monitor with small discrepancy of ${\pm}1.3%$ with high reliability and showing the gradually stability after 2010.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2007

Although Gamma Knife irradiates much more radiation in a single session than conventional radiotherapy, there were only a few studies to measure absolute dose of a Gamma Knife. Especially, there is no report of application of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) TRS-398 which requires to use a water phantom in radiation measurement to Gamma Knife. In this article, the authors reported results of the experiments to measure the absorbed dose to water of a Gamma Knife Model C using the IAEA TRS-398 protocol. The absorbed dose to water of a Gamma Knife model C was measured using a water phantom under conditions as close as possible to the IAEA TRS-398 protocol. The obtained results were compared with values measured using the plastic phantom provided by the Gamma Knife manufacturer. Two Capintec PR-05P mini-chambers and a PTW UNIDOS electrometer were used in measurements. The absorbed dose to water of a Gamma Knife model C inside the water phantom was 1.38% larger than that of the plastic phantom. The current protocol provided by the manufacturer has an intrinsic error stems from the fact that a plastic phantom is used instead of a water phantom. In conclusion, it is not possible to fully apply IAEA TRS-398 to measurement of absorbed dose of a Gamma Knife. Instead, it can be a practical choice to build a new protocol for Gamma Knife or to provide a conversion factor from a water phantom to the plastic phantom. The conversion factor can be obtained in one or two standard laboratories.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.997-1002
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• 1995

In order to study the effects of reaction temperature, time and particle size on the physicochemical properties of chitosan, commercially available chitin was treated with 50%(w/w) NaOH. To obtain 78% of deacetylation, a treatment of 6 hours at $100^{\circ}C$(Ch-100), 20 minutes at $120^{\circ}C$(Ch-120) or 10 minutes at $140^{\circ}C$(Ch-140) was necessary. The resulting chitosans showed a different viscosity; 180cps for Ch-100, 130cps for Ch-120, 30cps for Ch-140. The residence time at $80^{\circ}C$ also decreased the viscosity of the chitosan but the reduction in the particle size of chitin largely favored deacetylation and resulted in a higher viscosity of the chitosan. Compared with chitin, the capacity of water and oil absorption of chitosan was not significantly improved. However, the capacity of dye absorption was increased by 4 times by the deacetylation. In addition the IR spectra of chitosans showed less sharp absorption bands than that of chitin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.148-157
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• 2012

Korea, with 63.7% of the land being forests, has unique characteristics of forest landscapes coming into view for most residential areas and roads. This study was undertaken with a purpose of supporting forest landscape management by partitioning the areas that landscape management is needed. Through analysing the degree of forest landscape management needs and the visual absorption capability for landscape changes, the zoning process and method for landscape management were conducted. In order to select the areas that are managed by priority for landscape, the degree of forest landscape management needs was quantitatively analyzed with the main scenic sites, travel frequencies, major forest landscape resources, and areas with demand for walking and automobile travel as the basis. The visual absorption capability that means the visual acceptance capability against physical landscape changes of the designated areas was analyzed in order to select the areas that are suitable for artificial landscape management. As a result, it became possible to express the degrees of forest landscape management needs in high, middle, and low sub-areas, and the visual absorption capability in high, middle, and low sub-areas, for each of the three zones in terms of spaces in the forest landscape management areas. For example, among the forest landscape transition zones, if the degree of forest landscape management needs is high and the visual absorption capability is high, then aggressive landscape management would be possible; this would also mean that this area could accept certain levels of physical landscape changes. By applying zoning methods like these, it was possible to attain a conclusive result that proper means of landscape design and management of the forest landscape resources and the surrounding areas could be provided.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.43-44
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• 2003

스모그 챔버는 대기화학 반응을 물리적 변수를 제어할 수 있는 공간 내에서 재현하여 스모그 현상을 체계적으로 규명하기 위해 가장 많이 사용되는 방법이다(Dodge, 2000). 대기화학 반응을 통해 생성된 입자상 물질(secondary particles) 또는 초미세 입자(ultrafine particle, 〈0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$)는 연속된 물리화학 반응을 통해 accumulation mode(0.1~l.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$) 입자로 성장한다. 특히, 대도시의 시정(visibility)은 accumulation mode 입자의 산란(scattering)과 흡수(adsorption)가 주요한 원인이기 때문에 이러한 물질의 생성에 영향을 주는 가스상 물질의 전화(gas-to-particle conversion) 반응과 초미세 입자의 성장 현상을 규명하는 것은 매우 중요하다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.75-77
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• 2003

마이크로파 방전을 이용한 고효율 고출력광원으로 연구 개발되고 있는 2-분자 발광체의 고압증기 플라즈마는 그 특성이 충분히 이해되지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 특유한 물리적 성질을 보이는 2-원자 황분자 증기 플라즈마의 물리적 성질과 광학적 특성에 관하여 총체적인 고찰을 할 것이다. 특히 고압 발광 플라즈마의 마이크로파 흡수 메카니즘 플라즈마 전도율, 및 발광 특성에 관하여 논의 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1978.10a
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• pp.207.1-207
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• 1978

이미 발표한바 있는 Monascous sp.의 색소 배양액으로부터 식품응용에 적용하기 위한 기초적 자료를 얻기 위하여 조색소 분말의 생산, 물리적 성상과 생리적 성질을 검토하였다. 본 실험은 발효액으로부터 60％ alcohol과 pe-troleum ether로 추출하여 alcohol층에서 적색계, petroleum ether층에서 황색계 색소를 얻었으며, 생산된 적색계 조색소는 5종의 색소물질이 복합되어 있었고 pH 3에서 9까지 안정하였으며 O.D 495∼500nm에서 흡수극대를 나타내었다. 적색 조색소분말(색소 1000mcg/mg 기준 때)과 색소액은 시험 시료농도에서 bio-activity는 없었으며 급성 독소시험은 positive 용혈반응 negative였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2010

고주파 마그네트론 동시 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 $TiO_2$ 박막에 탄소를 도핑한 C/$TiO_2$ 박막을 제작하고, 박막의 두께와 탄소 도핑량에 따른 물리적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 스테인레스강을 기판으로 사용하였으며, $TiO_2$ 박막과 기판의 열팽창계수 차이에 의한 크랙을 방지하기 위하여 Ti 박막을 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링 장치를 이용하여 기판위에 증착시킨 후 실험을 진행하였다. EMP(Essential Macleod Program) 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 막의 층상구조, 두께, 물질변화를 통한 다양한 색상의 칼라를 구현하고 투과율, 반사율 등을 포함한 다양한 광학 특성을 사전 예측하였다. 제작된 박막은 투께 및 밀도에 따라 다양한 색상을 구현하였으며, 박막내의 흡수와 산란효과에 의해 굴절률이 감소하였다. 또한 순수 $TiO_2$ 박막보다 접합력 및 경도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2000

The spin wave absorption spectra are obtained by a simultaneous solution of the Maxwell equation and the Gilbert equation considering the boundary condition of electromagnetic wave and magnetization in the film surfaces. The physical parameters that influence the absorption energy are thickness, exchange stiffness constant, surface magnetic anisotropy, magnetization. damping factor, electric resistivity of the thin film. We investigated how these parameters affect the resonance field, the linewidth and the intensity of the spin wave spectrum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2000

타이타늄(CP Ti)과 타？늄합금은 인체의 골격을 구성하고 있는 물질과 가장 흡사한 물리적 성질과 우수한 생체적합성으로 인해 임플란트용 재료로 많이 사용되고 있으며, 최근에 인공관절이나 치근으로의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 교합면에서의 취약한 마모특성으로 인해 wear debris에 의한 골 흡수 및 이완 등을 야기하는 문제점으로, 이의 개선에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 다이아몬드상 카본 (Diamond-Like-Carbon) 박막은, 다이아몬드와 유사한 높은 경도, 내마모성 그리고 화학적 안정성 등의 매우 우수한 물리화학적 특성을 가지고 있는 박막재료로 고체 윤활박막으로서 hard disk나 VCR head drum의 보호막, 우주항공기의 bearing 재료코팅 등으로의 적용이 최근에 급격히 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 특성을 지닌 다이아몬드상 카본 박막의 생체재료로의 적용을 위해, CP Ti과 Ti-6Al-4V에 13.56MHz를 사용하는 r.f PACVD법으로 DLC를 증착하여 생체적합적 특성을 조사하였다. C6H6 가스를 사용하여 1$\mu\textrm{m}$의 두께로 DLC 박막을 증착하였으며, 기판과의 밀찰력 향상을 위해 Si을 증간층으로 합성하였다. 마모특성은 pin-on-disk type wear tester을 사용하였으며 직경 5mm의 ruby ball로 실험을 수행하였다.