• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical properties and hot air-dried and spray-dried powders process of sweet potato and steamed sweet potato. The moisture and the total starch contents were 1.66~2.19% and 52.65~57.42%, respectively. The total starch contents increased during process steaming. The water absorption index of the spray-dried powders (0.97 and 2.03) was lower than that of the hot air-dried powders (2.12 and 4.71), and the water solubility index of the spray-dried powders (83.83 and 86.95%) was higher than that of the hot air-dried powders (68.40 and 81.21%). The particle size and outer topology of the spray-dried powders were 46.18 and $65.53{\mu}m$, and its shape was generally globular. In the DSC analysis of this study, the $T_o$ of the spray-dried powders (64.40 and $67.80^{\circ}C$), $T_p$ of the spray-dried powders (74.40 and $78.20^{\circ}C$), and $T_c$ of the spray-dried powders (81.10 and $81.60^{\circ}C$) was higher than that of the hot air-dried powders. The solubility contents of the spray-dried powders (68.21 and 80.73%) was lower than that of the hot air-dried powders, and the swelling power contents of the spray-dried powders (14.79 and 15.35%) was higher than that of the hot air-dried powders. The amylose contents of spray-dried powders (11.67 and 12.51%) was lower than that of the hot air-dried powders. The soluble dietary fiber contents of spray-dried powders (1.34 and 2.02%) was higher than that of the hot air-dried powders.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.210-215
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• 2021

For sterilization of microorganisms of the Listeria genus contaminating enoki mushroom, pilot mushroom grower equipped with air sterilization devices were developed. Sterilization experiments were performed using physical and chemical treatments. Internal temperature and humidity were controlled, maintaining 6.62℃±0.30 in the upper shelves, 6.46℃±0.24 in the middle shelves, and 6.48℃±0.25 in the lower shelves. Humidities were 79.97%±4.42, 79.43%±4.06, and 79.94±4.30%, respectively, with a temperature setting of 6.5℃, and a relative humidity of 75%. A suitable enoki mushroom cultivation stage for air sterilizer application was during the growth stage, with temperature in the 6.5~8.5℃ range, and humidity of 70~80%. At these same internal conditions, the ozone concentration in the mushroom cultivator was found to be 160 ppb during ion-cluster generator operation. After physical sterilization, the Listeria innocua survival rate was 0.1 to 0.9% using ion cluster sterilization, and 9.3 to 10.6% using UV air sterilization. The Listeria innocua survival rates on different materials were 9.3~10.6% on the metal specimen, and 9.9~16.2% on the plastic wrapper. The survival rate was particularly high on the rough side of the plastic wrapper. Ion cluster air sterilization is a labor-saving and effective method for suppressing the occurrence of Listeria bacteria on mushroom growers walls and shelves. For the plastic wrapper, chemical sterilization is more effective than physical sterilization.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.32
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• pp.465-488
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• 2016

This paper attempts to read in different ways and to interpret newly on Cheoyongrang mhang-hae-sa in "Sam-guk-yu-sa". Ulsan have held Cheoyong Cultural Festival for 47 times according to "Sam-guk-yu-sa". However, there have been a frequent identity crisis about Cheoyong Cultural Festival because of controversial issue about Cheoyong, This paper interpretate Cheoyongrang mhang-hae-sa newly to overcome these crisis, Cheoyong's dancing and retreating was not the resignation and tolerance, but the treat and warning, as the dance of Namsansin god of Posukjeong, Buk-acksin god of Keumkangryung and Jisin god of Dongryejeon was the warning of Silla's ruination. 'The Mhang' of Mhang-he-sa temple should be interpreted not as 'watch' but 'fifteen days'. Mhang-he means the roads buried in darkness and vanished had become a sea. The name of Shin-bhang-sa temple means Gae-un-po province of Ulsan had become 'the newly purified region' because of the inspection of King Heon-ghang. The main keyword of Cheoyongrang mhang-hae-sa is 'Byuk-sa-jin-gyung'. 'Byuk-sa-jin-gyung' means to repel the impious and pray the pleasure. The purpose of the personal Gut and national Gut, Narae, was also 'Byuk-sa-jin-gyung'. The reinvented bridal room with a fresh life was like the world of Byuk-sa-jin-gyung. The dance of God Sa-bhang was, as well the desperate desire to New Silla. Cheoyong was a shaman with a superior authority who set up the power to foresee to the god of smallpox. The image of Cheoyong at is not the resignation and tolerance, but the foresight and authority. Therefore, the slogan of Cheoyong Cultural Festival, the resignation and tolerance, should be reexamined. The new Cheoyong Cultural Festival should adopt the concept of foresight and authority and Byuk-sa-jin-gyung. Cheoyong Cultural Festival, have been held for 49times, often had identity problems. The identity of Cheoyong have been misinterpreted as the resignation and tolerance. The slogan of Cheoyong Cultural Festival should be reexamined. The new Cheoyong Cultural Festival should adopt the concept of foresight and authority and Byuk-sa-jin-gyung.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the impact of protease treatments on the yield of rice starch (RST) from frozen rice flours, and to compare the physicochemical properties of RST by alkaline steeping (control) and enzymatic isolation (E-RST) methods. Although the yield of E-RST, prepared according to conditions designed by the modified 23 complete factorial design, was lower than the control, the opposite trends were observed in its purity. E-RST (RST1, isolated for 8 h at 15℃ with 0.5% protease; RST2, isolated for 24 h at 15℃ with 1.5% protease; RST3, isolated for 24 h at 15℃ with 0.5% protease) with the yields above 50% were selected. Amylose contents did not significantly differ for the control and RST2. Relative to the control, solubilities were higher for all E-RST, but swelling power did not significantly differ for E-RST except for RST1. Although all E-RST revealed higher gelatinization temperatures than the control, the reversed trends were found in the gelatinization enthalpy. The pasting viscosities of all E-RST were lower than those of the control. Consequently, the enzymatic isolation method using protease would be a more time-saving and eco-friendly way of preparing RST than the alkaline steeping method, even though its characteristics are different.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2023

Currently, the main technologies of various fourth industries are big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchain, mixed reality (MR), and drones. In particular, "digital twin," which has recently become a global technological trend, is a concept of a virtual model that is expressed equally in physical objects and computers. By creating and simulating a Digital twin of software-virtualized assets instead of real physical assets, accurate information about the characteristics of real farming (current state, agricultural productivity, agricultural work scenarios, etc.) can be obtained. This study aims to streamline agricultural work through automatic water management, remote growth forecasting, drone control, and pest forecasting through the operation of an integrated control system by constructing digital twin data on the main production area of the nojinot industry and designing and building a smart farm complex. In addition, it aims to distribute digital environmental control agriculture in Korea that can reduce labor and improve crop productivity by minimizing environmental load through the use of appropriate amounts of fertilizers and pesticides through big data analysis. These open-field agricultural technologies can reduce labor through digital farming and cultivation management, optimize water use and prevent soil pollution in preparation for climate change, and quantitative growth management of open-field crops by securing digital data for the national cultivation environment. It is also a way to directly implement carbon-neutral RED++ activities by improving agricultural productivity. The analysis and prediction of growth status through the acquisition of the acquired high-precision and high-definition image-based crop growth data are very effective in digital farming work management. The Southern Crop Department of the National Institute of Food Science conducted research and development on various types of open-field agricultural smart farms such as underground point and underground drainage. In particular, from this year, commercialization is underway in earnest through the establishment of smart farm facilities and technology distribution for agricultural technology complexes across the country. In this study, we would like to describe the case of establishing the agricultural field that combines digital twin technology and open-field agricultural smart farm technology and future utilization plans.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cordyceps ochraceostromat, silkworm cocoon, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the quality and storage properties of pork sausage manufactured with protein recovered from breast of spent laying hen during 4 wks of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Pork sausages were prepared using 100% ham (control) and 40% recovered protein from breast of spent laying hen to replace pork (T1), and with added different sources to final concentrations of 0.1% Cordyceps ochraceostromat powder (T2), 0.1% silkworm cocoon powder (T3), 0.1% CLA (T4), 0.05% Cordyceps ochraceostromat + 0.05% silkworm cocoon (T5), 0.05% Cordyceps ochraceostromat + 0.05% CLA (T6), and 0.05% silkworm cocoon + 0.05% CLA (T7). The treatments T5 and T7 had higher (p<0.05) protein content than control, but control had lower fat content than other samples during 4 wks of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Lightness was significantly lower in the treatment samples than control. However, there was no significant difference in water holding capacity between the sausage samples, whereas, cohesiveness and chewiness were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control than other treatments. All sausage samples showed a significant increase in volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and total plate counts with extending storage time (p<0.05), and VBN values of treatments were lower than the control. However, the treatment samples showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances over the increasing storage time. Therefore, our results suggested that the 40% recovered protein to replace pork and with added different sources decreased lipid oxidation and protein denaturation of pork sausages, thereby enhancing self-life, compared to normal pork sausage (control).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.365-373
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• 2007

Background: Smoking is one of the most important leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Smoking habit is recognized as nicotine dependence, which consists of physical and psychosocial dependence. To evaluate social nicotine dependence, the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND) working group developed a new questionnaire, which consists of 10 questions with a total score of 30 in Japan. We examined the social nicotine dependence among healthy adults using the new KTSND questionnaire and evaluated validity of the KTSND questionnaire in Korea. Method: We applied Korean KTSND questionnaire version 2 to employees of hospital, university students and people for medical examination and promotion test. Complete data obtained from the 741 responders were analyzed. Result: The mean age of responders was 31.8 years. Among them, males were 57.8%. Current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers were 13.8%, 12.8%, and 73.4% respectively. According to smoking status, the total KTSND scores of current smokers were significantly higher than those of ex-smokers, and of non-smokers ($17.1{\pm}5.4$ versus $14.3{\pm}5.5$, and $12.3{\pm}5.5$, $p{\leq}0.001$). The total KTSND scores of males were higher than those of females, suggesting that males have a propensity for depending nicotine socially much more than females ($14.3{\pm}5.7$ and $11.7{\pm}5.4$ respectively, p<0.001). Eight of ten questions produced significantly different scores among three different smoking groups. When current smokers were sub-classified by heavy smoking index (HSI) that represented physical nicotine dependence, we did not find a significant difference of KTSND score between low HSI group (<4) and high HSI group (${\geq}4$), This finding suggested that the psychosocial dependence might play a different role from physical nicotine dependence in smoking. Most of the non-smokers (62.5%) had an experience of harmful passive smoking especially in public place. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the KTSND questionnaire could be a useful method to evaluate psychosocial aspects of smoking.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

A study was conducted to examine the effect of the castration time on growth, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Korean black goats. Forty five male kids were divided into five groups, including control (without castration) and four groups with the kids castrated at 0.5, 3, 5 and 7 months of age, respectively. Average daily body weight gain (ADG) for control was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the castrated groups. ADG did not differ between the castrated groups. The ADG of the male kids castrated at 3 and 5 months of age tended to be higher than the other castrated groups. Dressing percentage for 0.5 months-castrated group was higher than 7 months-castrated group. Retail cut percentages for control was higher (P<0.05) than others, but the retail cut percentages did not differ between the castrated groups. Compared with control, higher fat percentages of carcasses appeared in the castrated groups (P<0.05). The fat percentages gradually increased in earlier castrated animals. As castrated earlier, moisture contents tended to decrease, whereas crude protein and fat contents tended to increase. The different castration time did not affect physical properties of goat meat (shear force, cooking loss, and water holding capacity). Results from panel tests showed that juiciness or tenderness of meats for 5 months-castrated group tended to be higher than those for the other groups. The flavor of meatfor 7-months castrated group appeared to be more favorable compared with 0.5- or 3-months castrated groups (P<0.05). The proportion of saturated fatty acid in meat washigher for 5-months castrated group and lower for 3-months castrated group as compared to the other castrated groups, whereas the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid was vice versa (P<0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acid contents did not differ between thecastrated groups. Present results indicatedthat castration at 3 or 5 months of age increased growth performance and meat quality of Korean black goats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2011

Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) was applied to 4 samples of rice flours, Goami (GM), Taeguk (TG), Choochung (CC) and Koshihikari (KSHK), of which amylose contents were 31.5, 32.3, 24.3, and 23.3%, respectively. Wet-milled rice flours were dried, moisture content adjusted to 21, 24, 27 and 30%, respectively, and autoclaved at 100 and $105^{\circ}C$ for 30~90 min. The changes on swelling, solubility, RVA (rapid visco analyser) paste viscosities and gel strength were observed. In GM and TG, peak viscosity (PV) and breakdown (BD) decreased and no peak appeared as moisture and treatment time increased by HMT. In CC, FV increased notably with big increase of PV and setback (SB) by HMT compared to the other rice flours. BD in all the samples decreased as moisture, temperature, and time increased by HMT. RVA pasting properties of HMT GM and HMT TG were changed remarkably under conditions of moisture 21%, $100^{\circ}C$ and 30 min whereas for HMT CC and HMT KSHK, higher temperature or more time was required at the same mois ture levels. The swelling power, solubility and gel strength increased by HMT. Gel strength correlated positively with SB (r=0.78, p<0.01) and negatively with BD (r=-0.71, p<0.01) and PV (r=-0.36, p<0.05) resulting from strengthening the structure of starch granules in rice flours by HMT.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate on the retail cut yield and the meat quality of crossbred ducks. A total of 360 pullets that were produced from 4 mating methods used in this work. Four mating method were A) native ducks (female) $\times$ native ducks (male), B) meat-type ducks (female) $\times$ native ducks (male), C) native ducks (female) $\times$ meat-type ducks (male), and D) meat-type ducks (female) $\times$ meat-type ducks (male). Ducks were bred at the flat house, and selected nine ducks with similar weights from each treatment at the certain weeks (A, B, C 8 weeks; D 6 weeks). Selected ducks were slaughtered, calculated the retail cut yield(wing, back, neck, breast, leg), analyzed the physico-chemical compositions, and tested the sensory evaluation. Wing and neck meat ratios of D treatment were lowest (P<0.05), and breast meat ratio of B treatment was high (P<0.05) compared to other treatments. pH of duck meat was no difference among treatments, fat and protein contents of B treatment was highest, and collagen contents of D treatment was highest among all treatments. Meat color and physical compositions was no difference among treatments. Juiciness of D treatment meats was highest, and there was no difference between B and D treatments. Finally, mating method of native duck and meat-type duck affected on the retail cut yield, but did not improve on the physico-chemical compositions and sensory evaluation.